Peace and Freedom Party explained

Peace and Freedom Party
Colorcode:
  1. 00FF00
Leader:Central Committee
Ideology:Socialism
Eco-socialism
Socialist feminism
Pro-peace
Position:Left-wing[1]
Membership Year:January 2024
Membership:133,914 registered voters
Seats1 Title:Members in elected offices
Seats1:0
Country:United States

The Peace and Freedom Party (PFP) is a socialist political party in the United States which operates mostly in California.[1] It was formed in 1966 from anti–Vietnam War and pro–civil rights movements.

PFP operates both as an organization unto itself and an umbrella organization in which socialist organizations compete to win PFP's ballot access.

Notable past and present members include Bob Avakian, Emmy Lou Packard, Byron Randall, and (briefly) Murray Rothbard.

Organization

Members

In January 2000, PFP had 75,277 registered voters.[2] In February 2005, PFP had 67,238 registered voters.[3] In January 2010, PFP had 55,036 registered voters.[4] In January 2016, PFP had 75,579 registered voters.[5]

In February 2019, PFP had 76,784 registered voters.[6] In February 2021, PFP had 105,535 registered voters.[7] In January 2024, PFP had 133,914 registered voters.[8]

Preference primaries

Like many minor parties, PFP holds a non-binding "preference primary" for President. The PFP presidential candidate is ultimately selected by the PFP State Convention, at which only State Executive Committee (SEC) members can vote.[9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] The SEC is directly elected through write-ins in the California primary system every two years.[15] The SEC had about 130 members in 2024 and 90 in 2008.

Since January 2001, California has had a "modified" closed primary system in which political parties can determine whether or not to allow voters who are not affiliated with any party, or No Party Preference, are allowed to participate in the party's primary. Since the 2004 primaries, PFP has never allowed "independent" voters to vote in their party's primaries.[16]

Ideology

PFP is a socialist party "committed to feminism, [...] democracy, ecology, and racial equality",[17] PFP strongly supports environmentalism, aboriginal rights, LGBT rights, abortion rights, public healthcare, public education, and subsidized housing.

History

Founding

After the 1967 Century City anti-Vietnam War march on June 23, 1967, anti-war and civil rights supporters began collecting petitions for the Peace and Freedom Party. PFP's founders opposed the Democratic Party's support for the war in Vietnam and saw the Democrats as failing to effectively support the civil rights movement.[18] [19] [20]

On January 2, 1968, PFP organizers submitted 105,100 signatures to receive party status in California. PFP has had ballot access in California since 1968, except between 1998 and 2002. In 2003, PFP became the first party in the history of California to regain its ballot status.[21]

In 1968, PFP suffered a minor split: Dick Gregory and others split to create the Freedom and Peace Party (FPP), for which Gregory ran in the 1968 United States presidential election.[22] The FPP collapsed after the 1968 election.

In 1971, progressives nationwide organized the People's Party. In 1972 and 1976, PFP endorsed the PP's candidates. After the PP dissolved in 1977, PFP continued in California.[23]

In the 2006 California elections, two statewide Peace and Freedom Party candidates received more than the required vote, thus ensuring the party's ballot status for another four years (Elizabeth Cervantes Barron received 212,383 votes, 2.5% of the total, for Controller;[24] and Tom Condit received 187,618 votes, 2.2% of the total, for Insurance Commissioner).[25]

California's 2018 gubernatorial primary had statewide office candidates registered in the party. In the race for Insurance Commissioner, Peace and Freedom candidate Nathalie Hrizi received 316,149 votes, 5.0% of the total.[26]

Election results

The PFP has fielded over 200 electoral candidates in the United States for local, state, and federal offices. PFP candidates usually run as official PFP candidates on their own ballot line.

No PFP candidate has yet won a contested election.

Presidential elections

YearPresidential candidateVice presidential candidatePopular votes%Electoral votesResultBallot accessNotesRef
2024Claudia De la CruzKarina Garcia157,056 0 LostThe Party for Socialism and Liberation also nominated De la Cruz.[27]
2020Gloria La RivaSunil Freeman85,1880 LostThe Party for Socialism and Liberation also nominated La Riva, with Leonard Peltier as her running mate.[28] [29] [30]
2016Gloria La RivaDennis Banks74,4050 LostThe Party for Socialism and Liberation also nominated La Riva, with Eugene Puryear as her running mate.[31] [32] [33]
2012Roseanne BarrCindy Sheehan67,4770 Lost[34] [35]
2008Ralph NaderMatt Gonzalez739,034 0 Lost[36]
2004Leonard PeltierJanice Jordan27,6070 Lost[37] [38]
1996Marsha FeinlandKate McClatchy25,3320 Lost[39]
1992Ronald DanielsAsiba Tupahache27,9610 Lost[40]
1984Sonia JohnsonEmma Wong Mar72,1610 Lost[41]
1980Maureen SmithElizabeth Cervantes Barron18,1160 Lost[42]
1976Margaret WrightBenjamin Spock49,0160 LostRan on the People's Party ballot line[43]
1972Benjamin SpockJulius Hobson78,7590 LostRan on the People's Party ballot line[44]
1968Eldridge CleaverPeggy Terry36,5710 Lost[45]

Convention votes:

YearTotalPSLGreensWWPFSPSPUSANAPIWPIndependentsAbstentionsRef
2024about 13099 Claudia de la Cruzabout 30 across Cornel West & Jasmine Sherman[46]
20206862 Gloria La Riva3 Howie Hawkins3
20168056 Gloria La Riva9 Jill Stein12 Monica Moorehead1 Lynn Kahn[47]
6437 Roseanne Barr16 Stephen Durham6 Stewart Alexander5
6329 Roseanne Barr18 Stephen Durham12 Stewart Alexander4
20088927 Gloria La Riva6 Cynthia McKinney10 Brian Moore46 Ralph Nader[48] [49]
1996178 Monica Moorehead9 Marsha Feinland[50]
199221191 Fulani120 Ronald Daniels (of Rainbow Coalition)[51]
1988200Lenora FulaniHerb Lewin[52]
1984Sonia Johnson (of Citizens Party)[53]
Johnson is Citizen's Party

In 2016, both PFP's California state chair and Green candidate Jill Stein requested that the California Secretary of State allow Stein to be placed on the PFP party ballot, but this was rejected.[54] Instead, PFP nominated Party for Socialism and Liberation candidate Gloria La Riva.

In 2012, Rocky Anderson won a plurality of delegates in PFP's non-binding preference primary, after failing to win enough votes to place his Justice Party on the ballot. However, Anderson failed to win representatives on the PFP's Central Committee, and withdrew 1 week before the convention. Instead, PFP backed Party for Socialism and Liberation's preferred candidate Roseanne Barr.

In 2008, PFP endorsed Independent Ralph Nader in his presidential campaign.[55] [56] Nader obtained enough signatures to appear on the ballot in Iowa and Utah as the Peace and Freedom Party candidate. This was the first expansion of the party beyond California since the 1970s.[57] However, PFP did not obtain enough votes to guarantee ballot access in Iowa or Utah in subsequent elections.

In 2000, PFP did not qualify for the ballot in California.

In 1988, three factions within PFP — the Internationalist Workers Party, New Alliance Party, and Socialist Party USA plus Communist Party USA — sought the party's ballot line. They could not agree, and split the convention, which resulted in the Secretary of State voiding the PFP ballot line for the year.[58]

Congressional elections

YearCandidateChamberStateDistrictVotes%ResultNotesRef
2024John ParkerHouseCalifornia37th7,316 Lostall-party blanket primary, did not advance to general
2022José CortésHouseCalifornia51st3,343 Lostall-party blanket primary, did not advance to general
2022John ParkerSenateCaliforniaAt-Large105,477 Lostall-party blanket primary, did not advance to general
2020José CortésHouseCalifornia50th1,821 Lostall-party blanket primary, did not advance to general
2018John ParkerSenateCaliforniaAt-Large22,825 Lostall-party blanket primary, did not advance to general[59]
2016Joe WilliamsHouseCalifornia20th6,400 Lostall-party blanket primary, did not advance to general
2014Adam ShbeitaHouseCalifornia44th9,192 Lostgeneral election[60]
2010Mike RoskeyHouseCalifornia3rd4,789 Lost
2010Gerald Allen FrinkHouseCalifornia5th4,594 Lost
2010Eugene RuyleHouseCalifornia6th5,915 Lost
2010Gloria La RivaHouseCalifornia8th5,161 Lost
2010Larry AllenHouseCalifornia9th1,670 Lost
2010Richard CastaldoHouseCalifornia30th3,115 Lost
2010Miriam ClarkHouseCalifornia50th5,470 Lost
2010Marsha FeinlandSenateCaliforniaAt-Large135,093 Lost
2008Dina PadillaHouseCalifornia3rd13,378 Lost[61]
2008L RobertsHouseCalifornia5th10,731 Lost
2008Bill CallisonHouseCalifornia7th6,695 Lost
2008Eugene RuyleHouseCalifornia10th11,062 Lost
2008Nathalie HriziHouseCalifornia12th5,793 Lost
2006Timothy StockHouseCalifornia1st3,503 Lost
2006Michael RoskeyHouseCalifornia3rd2,370 Lost
2006John ReigerHouseCalifornia5th2,018 Lost
2006Lynda LlamasHouseCalifornia29th2,599 Lost
2006Adele CannonHouseCalifornia30th4,546 Lost
2006James SmithHouseCalifornia36th4,592 Lost
2006Kevin AkinHouseCalifornia44th4,486 Lost
2006Miriam ClarkHouseCalifornia50th3,353 Lost
2006Marsha FeinlandSenateCaliforniaAt-Large117,764 Lost
2004John ReigerHouseCalifornia5th3,670 Lost
2004Leilani DowellHouseCalifornia8th9,527 Lost
2004Joe WilliamsHouseCalifornia17th2,823 Lost
2004Alice StekHouseCalifornia36th6,105 Lost
2004Kevin AkinHouseCalifornia44th7,559 Lost
2004Marsha FeinlandSenateCaliforniaAt-Large243,846 Lost
1998Ernest Jones JrHouseCalifornia1st4,996 Lost
1998Gerald SandersHouseCalifornia9th4,767 Lost
1998Ralph ShroyerHouseCalifornia24th1,860 Lost
1998Janice JordanHouseCalifornia49th2,447 Lost
1998Ophie C. BeltranSenateCaliforniaAt-Large48,685 Lost
1996Ernest Jones JrHouseCalifornia6th6,459 Lost
1996Tom ConditHouseCalifornia9th5,561 Lost
1996Timothy ThompsonHouseCalifornia14th3,653 Lost
1996Ralph ShroyerHouseCalifornia24th6,267 Lost
1996Justin Charles GerberHouseCalifornia25th2,513 Lost
1996John Peter DalyHouseCalifornia29th8,819 Lost
1996Shirley MandelHouseCalifornia30th2,499 Lost
1996Kevin AkinHouseCalifornia43rd3,309 Lost
1996Miriam ClarkHouseCalifornia51st5,407 Lost
1996Janice JordanHouseCalifornia52nd3,649 Lost
1994Ernest Jones JrHouseCalifornia6th4,055 Lost
1994William ""Bill"" CallisonHouseCalifornia7th4,798 Lost
1994Emma Wong MarHouseCalifornia9th9,194 Lost
1994Craig CooperHouseCalifornia10th4,802 Lost
1994John HonigsfeldHouseCalifornia32nd6,099 Lost
1994Kermit BookerHouseCalifornia33rd7,694 Lost
1994Richard GreenHouseCalifornia38th2,995 Lost
1994Donna WhiteHouseCalifornia48th8,543 Lost
1994Renate KlineHouseCalifornia49th4,948 Lost
1994Guillermo RamirezHouseCalifornia50th3,002 Lost
1994Miriam ClarkHouseCalifornia51st4,099 Lost
1994Art EdelmanHouseCalifornia52nd3,221 Lost
1994Elizabeth Cervantes BarronSenateCaliforniaAt-Large255,301 Lost
1992Phil BaldwinHouseCalifornia1st10,764 Lost
1992David FranklinHouseCalifornia7th9,840 Lost
1992Cesar CadabesHouseCalifornia8th7,572 Lost
1992Dave LinnHouseCalifornia9th10,472 Lost
1992Mary WeldonHouseCalifornia12th10,142 Lost
1992Roslyn AllenHouseCalifornia13th16,768 Lost
1992David WaldHouseCalifornia14th3,912 Lost
1992Amani KuumbaHouseCalifornia16th9,370 Lost
1992Maureen SmithHouseCalifornia17th4,804 Lost
1992Dorothy WellsHouseCalifornia19th13,334 Lost
1992John Paul LinbladHouseCalifornia24th13,690 Lost
1992Nancy LawrenceHouseCalifornia25th5,090 Lost
1992Margery HindsHouseCalifornia26th7,180 Lost
1992Margaret EdwardsHouseCalifornia27th7,329 Lost
1992Susan DaviesHouseCalifornia29th13,888 Lost
1992Elizabeth NakanoHouseCalifornia30th6,173 Lost
1992William WilliamsHouseCalifornia32nd9,782 Lost
1992Tim DeliaHouseCalifornia33rd2,135 Lost
1992Alice Mae MilesHouseCalifornia35th2,797 Lost
1992Owen StaleyHouseCalifornia36th13,297 Lost
1992B Kwaku DurenHouseCalifornia37th16,178 Lost
1992Paul BurtonHouseCalifornia38th8,391 Lost
1992Margie AkinHouseCalifornia40th11,839 Lost
1992Mike NoonanHouseCalifornia41st10,136 Lost
1992Macine WuirkHouseCalifornia47th12,297 Lost
1992Donna WhiteHouseCalifornia48th13,396 Lost
1992Wilton ZaslowHouseCalifornia49th4,738 Lost
1992Roger BatchelderHouseCalifornia50th4,250 Lost
1992Miriam ClarkHouseCalifornia51st10,307 Lost
1992Dennis GretsingerHouseCalifornia52nd5,734 Lost
1992Gerald HorneSenateCaliforniaAt-Large305,697 Lost
1992Genevieve TorresSenateCaliforniaAt-Large372,817 Lost
1990Darlene ComingoreHouseCalifornia1st34,011 Lost
1990Jan TuckerHouseCalifornia22nd3,963 Lost
1990John HonigsfeldHouseCalifornia23rd6,834 Lost
1990Maggie PhairHouseCalifornia24th5,706 Lost
1990Edward FerrerHouseCalifornia27th7,101 Lost
1990William WilliamsHouseCalifornia28th2,723 Lost
1990Maxine QuirkHouseCalifornia39th6,709 Lost
1990Karen R WorksHouseCalifornia41st15,428 Lost
1990Doug HansenHouseCalifornia43rd40,212 Lost
1990Donna WhiteHouseCalifornia44th5,237 Lost
1988Eric FriedHouseCalifornia1st22,150 Lost
1988Theodore ""Ted"" ZuurHouseCalifornia5th3,975 Lost
1988Tom ConditHouseCalifornia8th5,444 Lost
1988Victor MartinezHouseCalifornia11th2,906 Lost
1988Shirley Rachel IsaacsonHouseCalifornia22nd6,298 Lost
1988John HonigsfeldHouseCalifornia23rd3,316 Lost
1988James GreenHouseCalifornia24th3,571 Lost
1988Paul ReyesHouseCalifornia25th8,746 Lost
1988Salomea HonigsfeldHouseCalifornia28th2,811 Lost
1988B Kwaku DurenHouseCalifornia31st4,091 Lost
1988Vikki MurdockHouseCalifornia32nd4,032 Lost
1988Mike NoonanHouseCalifornia33rd3,492 Lost
1988Frank GermanHouseCalifornia38th3,547 Lost
1988Gretchen FarsaiHouseCalifornia40th3,699 Lost
1988C WeberHouseCalifornia41st4,853 Lost
1988Richard RoseHouseCalifornia42nd6,563 Lost
1988M. Elizabeth MunozSenateCaliforniaAt-Large166,600 Lost
1986Elden McfarlandHouseCalifornia1st12,149 Lost
1986Theodore ""Ted"" ZuurHouseCalifornia5th2,078 Lost
1986Lawrence ManuelHouseCalifornia8th4,295 Lost
1986Bradley MayerHouseCalifornia10th1,701 Lost
1986Ron WrightHouseCalifornia16th2,017 Lost
1986Joel LorimerHouseCalifornia22nd2,930 Lost
1986Tom HopkeHouseCalifornia23rd2,521 Lost
1986James GreenHouseCalifornia24th5,388 Lost
1986Thomas O'connor JrHouseCalifornia27th2,078 Lost
1986B Kwaku DurenHouseCalifornia31st2,333 Lost
1986John DonohueHouseCalifornia32nd2,799 Lost
1986Mike NoonanHouseCalifornia33rd2,500 Lost
1986Frank BoeheimHouseCalifornia39th2,752 Lost
1986Steve SearsHouseCalifornia40th5,025 Lost
1986Kate McclatchyHouseCalifornia42nd4,761 Lost
1986Shirley IsaacsonHouseCalifornia44th1,676 Lost
1986Paul KangasSenateCaliforniaAt-Large33,869 Lost
1984Henry ClarkHouseCalifornia5th3,574 Lost
1984Charles John ZekanHouseCalifornia19th4,161 Lost
1984James GreenHouseCalifornia24th2,780 Lost
1984Thomas O'connor JrHouseCalifornia27th3,815 Lost
1984Patrick MccoyHouseCalifornia32nd2,051 Lost
1984Mike NoonanHouseCalifornia33rd2,371 Lost
1984Kevin AkinHouseCalifornia35th29,990 Lost
1984Michael Schuyles BrightHouseCalifornia38th3,021 Lost
1984Maxine Bell QuirkHouseCalifornia40th3,969 Lost
1984John DonohueHouseCalifornia42nd5,811 Lost
1982Howard FegarskyHouseCalifornia2nd3,126 Lost
1982John ReigerHouseCalifornia3rd6,294 Lost
1982Timothy-Allen AlbertsonHouseCalifornia6th2,366 Lost
1982Wilson BranchHouseCalifornia11th1,928 Lost
1982Charles ZekanHouseCalifornia19th1,520 Lost
1982Eugene RuyleHouseCalifornia32nd3,473 Lost
1982James Michael NoonanHouseCalifornia33rd2,223 Lost
1982Frank BoeheimHouseCalifornia39th3,152 Lost
1982Maxine Bell QuirkHouseCalifornia40th4,826 Lost
1982John DonohueHouseCalifornia42nd5,514 Lost
1982David WaldSenateCaliforniaAt-Large96,388 Lost
1980Linda WrenHouseCalifornia2nd3,354 Lost
1980Wilson BranchHouseCalifornia11th13,723 Lost
1980Adele FuminoHouseCalifornia12th3,184 Lost
1980Robert GoldsboroughHouseCalifornia13th3,791 Lost
1980Jan TuckerHouseCalifornia21st2,038 Lost
1980Maggie FeiginHouseCalifornia24th5,905 Lost
1980John DonohueHouseCalifornia34th7,794 Lost
1980James Michael ""Mike"" NoonanHouseCalifornia35th5,492 Lost
1980David WaldSenateCaliforniaAt-Large196,260 Lost
1978Irv SutleyHouseCalifornia2nd6,097 Lost
1978Lawrence PhillipsHouseCalifornia9th5,562 Lost
1978Adele FuminoHouseCalifornia12th3,022 Lost
1978Robert Goldsborough IiiHouseCalifornia13th5,246 Lost
1978Milton Shiro TakeiHouseCalifornia19th6,887 Lost
1978Bill HillHouseCalifornia21st5,750 Lost
1978Kevin Casey PetersHouseCalifornia24th6,453 Lost
1976Robert AllredHouseCalifornia2nd6,444 Lost
1976Emily SiegelHouseCalifornia6th6,570 Lost
1976Robert EvansHouseCalifornia8th6,238 Lost
1976Albert SargisHouseCalifornia9th3,386 Lost
1976Bill HillHouseCalifornia21st7,178 Lost
1976Marilyn SealsHouseCalifornia25th4,922 Lost
1976David WaldSenateCaliforniaAt-Large104,383 Lost
1968Huey P. NewtonHouseCalifornia7th12,164 Lost[62]

Statewide elections

YearCandidateOfficeStateDistrictVotes%ResultNotesRef
2022Luis J. RodriguezGovernorCaliforniaAt-Large124,672 Lostall-party blanket primary, did not advance to general; Green Party candidate endorsed by PFP
2018Gloria La RivaGovernorCaliforniaAt-Large16,959 Lostall-party blanket primary, did not advance to general
2018Gayle McLaughlinLieutenant GovernorCaliforniaAt-Large263,364 Lostran as No Party Preference (NPP) candidate; founder of Richmond Progressive Alliance (RPA); endorsed by CNP, DSA, GPCA, OR, PFP, PP, and RPA[63] [64]
2014Cindy SheehanGovernorCaliforniaAt-Large52,707 Lostall-party blanket primary, did not advance to general
2010Carlos AlvarezGovernorCaliforniaAt-Large92,637 Lost
2006Janice JordanGovernorCaliforniaAt-Large69,934 Lost
2003C. T. WeberGovernorCaliforniaAt-Large1,626 Lost
1998Gloria La RivaGovernorCaliforniaAt-Large59,218 Lost
1994Gloria La RivaGovernorCaliforniaAt-Large72,774 Lost
1990Maria Elizabeth MuñozGovernorCaliforniaAt-Large88,707 Lost
1986Maria Elizabeth MuñozGovernorCaliforniaAt-Large51,995 Lost
1982GovernorCaliforniaAt-Large70,327 Lost
1978Marilyn SealsGovernorCaliforniaAt-Large70,864 Lost
1974Elizabeth KeathleyGovernorCaliforniaAt-Large75,004 Lostsupported by California Libertarian Alliance
1970Ricardo RomoGovernorCaliforniaAt-Large65,954 Lostjoined Raza Unida Party after election

National conventions

NameDateLocationDocumentsNotes
2024 State ConventionAugust 3, 2024Sacramento
2022 State Convention
2020 State ConventionAugust 2020
2018 State ConventionAugust 11–12, 2018Sacramento
2016 State ConventionAugust 13–14, 2016Sacramento
2014 State ConventionAugust 10, 2014
2012 State ConventionAugust 2012
2010 State ConventionAugust 1, 2010SacramentoResolution on State Worker Contractsrare instance of convention passing a resolution
2008 State ConventionAugust 2–3, 2008Sacramento
1996 State Convention
1992 State Convention
1988 State ConventionSacramentoconvention split without selecting a candidate
1974 State ConventionSacramentolibertarians split from convention
1971 National Convention
1968 National ConventionAugust 17–18, 1968Ann Arbor, Michiganfirst national convention
Founding ConventionMarch 16–18, 1968Richmond, CAfounding convention

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Haldane. David. Peace, Freedom Party Still in Fray After 20 Years on Ballot. August 19, 2016. Los Angeles Times. January 11, 1988.
  2. Web site: Report of Registration . . January 7, 2000 .
  3. Web site: Report of Registration . . February 10, 2005 .
  4. Web site: Report of Registration . . January 5, 2010 .
  5. Web site: Report of Registration . . January 5, 2016 .
  6. Web site: Report of Registration . February 10, 2019 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190404171417/https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/ror/ror-odd-year-2019/county.pdf . April 4, 2019.
  7. Web site: Report of Registration . February 10, 2021 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210320055620/https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/ror/ror-odd-year-2021/county.pdf . 2021-03-20.
  8. Web site: Report of Registration by County . California Secretary of State . January 5, 2024 .
  9. News: Winger . Richard . Peace & Freedom Presidential Primary Ballot Will Contain Three Names. December 3, 2023 . December 3, 2023.
  10. News: Mark . Stein . August 14, 1988 . Peace and Freedom Convention Becomes Free-for-All . .
  11. News: Megan . Cornish . December 2013 . Leaked recording reveals how Party for Socialism and Liberation (PSL) cut socialist candidates from the California ballot . Freedom Socialist . .
  12. Web site: Peace and Freedom Party Nominates Roseanne Barr for President . Darcy . Richardson . August 5, 2012 .
  13. Web site: Three candidates in Presidential Primary for Peace and Freedom Party . January 4, 2024 . Peace and Freedom Party .
  14. Web site: Convention to pick ticket . May 15, 2008 . Peace and Freedom Party .
  15. Web site: Our bylaws . Peace and Freedom Party .
  16. Web site: History of Political Parties That Have Adopted Party Rules Regarding No Party Preference Voters . . 2024-03-31.
  17. Web site: About the Peace and Freedom Party. Peace and Freedom Party. 2013-05-11. 2020-05-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20200516145028/http://www.peaceandfreedom.org/home/about-us/about-peace-and-freedom. dead.
  18. Elden . James . Schweitzer . David . New Third Party Radicalism: The Case of the California Peace and Freedom Party . . Western Political Science Association . 1971 . 24 . 4 . 761–74 . 10.2307/447112 . 447112 .
  19. Book: Phillips . Joseph . The Peace and Freedom Party of California . Beyond Donkeys and Elephants: Minor Political Parties in Contemporary American Politics . . 2020 . 10.2307/j.ctv15tt76n . 978-0-7006-2929-9 . 121–137.
  20. News: Los Angeles Times .
  21. News: Fletcher . Ed . Anti-War Party is Back on the Ballot . The Sacramento Bee . March 15, 2003.
  22. Book: Thompson, Hunter S.. Hunter S. Thompson. The Great Shark Hunt. Gonzo Papers. 1. 1974. 1979. Simon & Schuster. New York. 0-7432-5045-1. 20. Hubert Humphrey lost that election by a handful of votes – mine among them – and if I had it to do again I would still vote for Dick Gregory..
  23. Peace and Freedom Party from 1967 to 1997 . Casey . Peters . Synthesis/Regeneration . 12 . Winter 1997 .
  24. Web site: Vote.ss.ca.gov. Vote.ss.ca.gov. October 14, 2017. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20060629092353/http://vote.ss.ca.gov/Returns/ctl/00.htm. June 29, 2006.
  25. Web site: Vote.ss.ca.gov. Vote.ss.ca.gov. October 14, 2017. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20080216021544/http://vote.ss.ca.gov/Returns/ins/00.htm. February 16, 2008.
  26. Web site: Statement of Vote Summary Pages . elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov . 11 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190529112702/https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2018-primary/sov/17-summary.pdf . 29 May 2019 . dead.
  27. Web site: Claudia De la Cruz recognized as presumptive PFP POTUS nominee . Peace and Freedom Party . April 26, 2024.
  28. Web site: PFP Presidential and VP Candidates, 1968-2020 . March 9, 2021 . C. T. . Weber .
  29. Web site: Federal Elections 2020 . . October 2022 . live . November 4, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221104044534/https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections2020.pdf.
  30. News: Gloria La Riva Nominated by Peace and Freedom Party in CA . Liberation News . August 2, 2020 . Party for Socialism and Liberation .
  31. Web site: Federal Elections 2016 . . December 2017 . live . December 2, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191202185336/https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections2016.pdf.
  32. News: California Peace and Freedom Party chooses Gloria La Riva, Dennis Banks as President, VP candidates . Liberation News . August 16, 2016 . Party for Socialism and Liberation .
  33. http://www.peaceandfreedom2016.org/posts/category/la-riva Peace and Freedom 2016
  34. http://www.peaceandfreedom2012.org/posts/category/barr2 Peace and Freedom 2012
  35. Web site: Federal Elections 2012 . . July 2013 . live . December 2, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191202185341/https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections2012.pdf.
  36. https://www.peaceandfreedomparty.org/home/national/campaign/past-campaigns/2008-campaign/election-results-2008
  37. http://peaceandfreedom2004.org/lpeltier/ Peace and Freedom 2004
  38. Web site: Federal Elections 2004 . . July 2009 . live . December 2, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191202185553/https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections2004.pdf.
  39. Web site: Federal Elections 96 . . July 2009 . live . December 2, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191202185745/https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections96.pdf.
  40. Web site: Federal Elections 92 . . July 2009 . live . December 2, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191202162939/https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections92.pdf.
  41. Web site: Federal Elections 84 . . July 2009 . live . December 2, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191202162947/https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections84.pdf.
  42. Web site: Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of 1980 . . April 1981 . live . January 1, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070101000000/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1980election.pdf.
  43. Web site: Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of 1976 . . April 1977 . live . January 1, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070101000000/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1976election.pdf.
  44. Web site: Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of 1972 . . April 1973 . live . January 1, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070101000000/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1972election.pdf.
  45. Web site: Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of 1968 . . April 1969 . live . January 1, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070101000000/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1968election.pdf.
  46. Web site: It's official: Claudia De la Cruz wins PFP POTUS nomination PFP Elections & Campaigns . October 4, 2024 . Peace and Freedom Party .
  47. Web site: PFP Convention . Our Campaigns .
  48. Web site: Nader Wins Peace & Freedom Party Nomination – Ballot Access News. Ballot-access.org. 2 August 2008 . 14 October 2017.
  49. Web site: PFP Convention . Our Campaigns .
  50. Web site: PFP Convention . Our Campaigns .
  51. Web site: PFP Convention . Our Campaigns .
  52. News: Lewin Is Peace and Freedom Nominee . August 15, 1988 . . Lewin, 73, is a veteran labor union organizer who also is affiliated with the Internationalist Workers Party, a San Francisco-based Trotskyite group. For vice president the delegates nominated Emma Mar, who identifies herself as an independent socialist. [....] Lewin, with 684 votes, finished fourth in the nonbinding Peace and Freedom presidential primary in June, but he captured the nomination by relying on party rules that permitted him to bring to the convention as delegates a large number of undocumented immigrants, minors, convicted felons and other people who are not eligible to vote..
  53. Book: Alexander, Robert J. . Robert J. Alexander . 1991 . International Trotskyism, 1929–1985: A Documented Analysis of the Movement . . 978-0-8223-0975-8 . 761–951.
  54. Web site: SB 505 (Umberg) Presidential primary elections Oppose . Peace and Freedom Party.
  55. Web site: Nov. 2008 Statement of Vote: U.S. President by County . California Secretary of State .
  56. Web site: P&F Campaign 2008: Nader/Gonzalez ticket . Peace and Freedom Party .
  57. Web site: Richard . Winger . Nader Submits Iowa Petition Using "Peace & Freedom" Ballot Label . Ballot Access News . 6 August 2008 .
  58. Web site: PFP Presidential and VP Candidates, 1968-2020 . July 3, 2008 . Peace and Freedom Party .
  59. Web site: Federal Elections 2018 . . October 2019 . live . December 2, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191202185553/https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections2018.pdf.
  60. Web site: Federal Elections 2014 . . November 2015 . live . December 2, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191202185553/https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections2014.pdf.
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