| Region: | Western philosophy |
| Era: | Contemporary philosophy |
| Paul Benacerraf | |
| Birth Date: | 26 March 1931 |
| Birth Place: | Paris, France |
| Education: | Princeton University (PhD, 1960) |
| School Tradition: | Analytic philosophy |
| Main Interests: | Philosophy of mathematics |
| Notable Ideas: | Mathematical structuralism (eliminative variety)[1] Benacerraf's identification problem for set-theoretic realism Benacerraf's epistemological problem for mathematical realism |
| Influences: | Hilary Putnam |
| Influenced: | Paul Boghossian, Ronald de Sousa, John Earman, Gideon Rosen, Lawrence Sklar |
| Thesis Title: | Logicism, Some Considerations |
| Thesis Url: | https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/23979423 |
| Thesis Year: | 1960 |
| Doctoral Advisor: | Hilary Putnam |
| Doctoral Students: | John Earman Alvin Goldman Richard Grandy Gideon Rosen Ronald de Sousa |
Paul Joseph Salomon Benacerraf (; born March 26, 1931)[2] is a French-born American philosopher working in the field of the philosophy of mathematics who taught at Princeton University his entire career, from 1960 until his retirement in 2007. He was appointed Stuart Professor of Philosophy in 1974, and retired as the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Philosophy.[3]
Benacerraf was born in Paris to a Moroccan-Venezuelan Sephardic Jewish father, Abraham Benacerraf, and Algerian Jewish mother, Henrietta Lasry. In 1939 the family moved to Caracas and then to New York City.[4]
When the family returned to Caracas, Benacerraf remained in the United States, boarding at the Peddie School in Hightstown, New Jersey. He attended Princeton University for both his undergraduate and graduate studies.
He was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1998.[5]
His brother was the Venezuelan Nobel Prize-winning immunologist Baruj Benacerraf.
Benacerraf is perhaps best known for his two papers "What Numbers Could Not Be" (1965) and "Mathematical Truth" (1973), and for his anthology on the philosophy of mathematics, co-edited with Hilary Putnam.
In "What Numbers Could Not Be" (1965), Benacerraf argues against a Platonist view of mathematics, and for structuralism, on the ground that what is important about numbers is the abstract structures they represent rather than the objects that number words ostensibly refer to. In particular, this argument is based on the point that Ernst Zermelo and John von Neumann give distinct, and completely adequate, identifications of natural numbers with sets (see Zermelo ordinals and von Neumann ordinals). This argument is called Benacerraf's identification problem.
In "Mathematical Truth" (1973), he argues that no interpretation of mathematics offers a satisfactory package of epistemology and semantics; it is possible to explain mathematical truth in a way that is consistent with our syntactico-semantical treatment of truth in non-mathematical language, and it is possible to explain our knowledge of mathematics in terms consistent with a causal account of epistemology, but it is in general not possible to accomplish both of these objectives simultaneously (this argument is called Benacerraf's epistemological problem). He argues for this on the grounds that an adequate account of truth in mathematics implies the existence of abstract mathematical objects, but that such objects are epistemologically inaccessible because they are causally inert and beyond the reach of sense perception. On the other hand, an adequate epistemology of mathematics, say one that ties truth-conditions to proof in some way, precludes understanding how and why the truth-conditions have any bearing on truth.
Elisabeth Lloyd has alleged that while she was a PhD student at Princeton, Benacerraf "petted and touched" her every day. She said, "It was just an extra price I had to pay, that the men did not have to pay, in order to get my Ph.D."[6] Benacerraf has denied the allegations, stating in an email to The Chronicle that he was "genuinely puzzled" by the accusations and does not know what prompted them. "I am not the sort of person that she describes in her interview", he said. "Yet I do not doubt her sincerity or the depth of the feelings that she reports", he added.