Paleobiota of the Green River Formation explained

The Green River Formation is a geological formation located in the Intermountain West of the United States, in the states of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming. It comprises sediments deposited during the Early Eocene in a series of large freshwater lakes: Lake Gosiute, Lake Uinta, and Fossil Lake (the last containing Fossil Butte National Monument). It preserves a high diversity of freshwater fish, birds, reptiles, and mammals, with some sections of the formation (including Fossil Lake and the Parachute Creek member of Lake Uinta) qualifying as Konservat-Lagerstätten due to their extremely well-preserved fossils.

Cartilaginous fish

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
†AsterotrygonidaeAsterotrygonA. maloneyi Fossil LakeAn Asterotrygonidae stingray of uncertain higher affinities.[1] [2]
†HeliobatidaeHeliobatisH. radians Fossil LakeA Heliobatid stingray of uncertain higher affinities.

Bony fish

Primarily based on Grande (2001), with changes where necessary:

Lepisosteiformes

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
LepisosteidaeAtractosteusA. atrox Fossil LakeAn alligator gar relative.
A. atrox is the largest Green River gar.
A. simplex Fossil Lake
Lake Gosiute?
An alligator gar relative.
CuneatusC. cuneatus Fossil Lake?
Lake Gosiute
Lake Uinta
A Cuneatini tribe gar.
C. wileyi Lake UintaA Cuneatini tribe gar.
LepisosteusL. bemisi Fossil LakeA Lepisosteini tribe gar.[3]
MasillosteusM. janeae Fossil LakeA Cuneatini tribe gar.

Amiiformes

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
AmiidaeAmiaA. pattersoni Fossil Lake
Lake Gosiute
An amiid bowfin.
CyclurusC. gurleyi Fossil LakeOnly 8 specimens knownAn amiid related to modern bowfins.

Osteoglossiformes

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
OsteoglossidaePhareodusP. encaustus Fossil Lake
Lake Gosiute
A phareodontine bonytongue.
P. testis Fossil Lake

Clupeiformes

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
ClupeidaeGosiutichthysG. parvus Lake GosiuteA clupeine clupeid herring relative.[4]
KnightiaK. alta Fossil Lake
Lake Gosiute
Lake Uinta
A pellonuline clupeid herring relative.[5]
K. eocaena Fossil Lake
Lake Gosiute
Lake Uinta
The most common articulated vertebrate fossil worldwide.[6] A pellonuline clupeid herring relative.

Siluriformes

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
HypsidoridaeHypsidorisH. farsonensis Lake GosiuteA hypsidorid catfish.
IctaluridaeAstephusA. antiquus Fossil Lake
Lake Gosiute
Lake Uinta
An ictalurid catfish.

Percopsiformes

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
PercopsidaeAmphiplagaA. brachyptera Fossil LakeA trout-perch relative.
Includes the jr synonym Erismatopterus endlichi (1877)
ErismatopterusE. levatus Lake Gosiute
Lake Uinta
A trout-perch relative.
First described as Cyprinodon levatus (1870)
includes the jr synonym Erismatopterus rickseckeri (1871)

Acanthuriformes

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
MoronidaeCockerellitesC. liops Fossil LakecommonA planktivorous/insectivorous temperate bass.
First described as Priscacara liops (1877)
First moved to Cockerellites liops in 1923.
HypsipriscaH. hypsacantha Fossil LakerareA temperate bass.
First named Priscacara hypsacantha 1886)
H. sp.Fossil LakerareAn undescribed species of Hypsiprisca.
A slenderer species with a more rounded tail fin outline.
PriscacaraP. serrata Fossil Lake
Lake Uinta
A temperate bass.
P. sp. aFossil Lake1 specimenAn undescribed Priscacara
Specimens have a rounder body and weak dorsal spines.
P. sp. b.Fossil Lake1 specimenAn undescribed Priscacara
Possibly a new species or a variant specimen with 4 anal spines.

Incertae sedis

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
AsineopidaeAsineopsA. squamifrons Fossil Lake
Lake Gosiute
Lake Uinta
An acanthomorph of uncertain affinities
Possibly a percopsiform, polymixiiform, or perciform.
A. sp.Fossil LakeAn undescribed Asineops species
Restricted to Fossil Lake.

Amphibians

Salamanders

Reptiles

Squamates

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
BoidaeBoavusB. idelmani Fossil LakeA boa.
DactyloidaeAfairiguanaA. avius Fossil LakeA stem-anole.[10]
ShinisauridaeBahndwiviciB. ammoskius Fossil LakeA relative of the Chinese crocodile lizard.
Tropidophiidae?DunnophisD. sp.Fossil LakeAn undescribed possible dwarf boa.[11]
VaranidaeSaniwaS. ensidens Fossil LakeA stem-monitor lizard.
Incertae sedisIndeterminateIndeterminateLake Uinta (Parachute Creek)1 specimenA possible gecko or iguanid
Preserved with soft tissue and skin, but bones dissolved.[12]
Incertae sedisIndeterminateIndeterminateLake Uinta (Parachute Creek)1 specimenA relative of Shinisaurids
Preserved with soft tissue and skin, but bones dissolved.[13]

Crocodilians

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
AlligatoridaeTsoabichiT. greenriverensis Fossil LakeA caiman.[14]
Incertae sedisBorealosuchusB. wilsoni Fossil LakeA eusuchian crocodyliform of uncertain affinities.
Moved from Leidyosuchus wilsoni (1959)
Cf.B. sp.Fossil LakeIndeterminate eusuchian bones close to Borealosuchus.
"Crocodylus"Lake Uinta (Manti beds)1 specimenA Crocodyloidea of unplaced affinity.
Not a Crocodylus species, but not given a new genus as of 2024.[15]
Lake GosiuteBones close in morphology to †"Crocodylus" affinis
A Crocodyloidea of unplaced affinity.
Not a Crocodylus species, but not given a new genus as of 2024.

Turtles

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
BaenidaeChisternonC. undatum Fossil LakeA baenid.
DermatemydidaeBaptemysB. wyomingensis Fossil LakeA dermatemydid.
B. Cf. wyomingensis Lake UnitaA dermatemydid.
GeoemydidaeEchmatemysE. haydeni 1 specimenA geoemydid tortoise.[16]
E. naomi Fossil Lake1 specimenA geoemydid tortoise.[17]
E. wyomingensis Fossil LakeA geoemydid tortoise.[18]
TestudinidaeHadrianusCf.H. corsoni Fossil LakeA tortoise species.
A single complete hatchling
TrionychidaeAxestemysA. sp.Fossil LakeA softshell turtle.
OliveremysO. uintaensis Fossil LakeA softshell turtle.
PlastomenusP. thomasii Fossil LakeA softshell turtle.

Birds

Lithornithiformes

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
LithornithidaeCalciavisC. grandeiFossil LakeA lithornithid.[19]
PseudocrypturusP. cercanaxiusFossil LakeA lithornithid.

Anseriformes

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
PresbyornithidaePresbyornisP. pervetusFossil LakeA presbyornithid anseriform.
Incertae sedisPaakniwatavisP. grandeiFossil LakeAn anseriform of uncertain affinities.

Leptosomiformes

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
incertae sedisPlesiocathartesP. majorFossil LakeA stem-cuckoo roller.[20]
P. wyomingensisFossil LakeA stem-cuckoo roller

Coraciiformes

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
PrimobucconidaePrimobuccoP. mcgrewiFossil LakeA primobucconid coraciiform.
Incertae sedisParacoraciasP. occidentalisA coraciiform.[21]

Piciformes

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
Incertae sedisNeanisN. schuchertiFossil LakeA possible piciform of uncertain affinities.
PristineanisP. kistneriA possible piciform of uncertain affinities.[22]

Strisores

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
EocypselidaeEocypselusE. roweiFossil LakeA eocypselid apodiform.[23]
Incertae sedisFluvioviridavisF. platyrhamphusFossil LakeA basal strisore, possibly a stem-frogmouth.[24] [25]
PreficaP. niveaFossil LakeA stem-oilbird.[26]

Suliformes

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
FregatidaeLimnofregataL. azygosternonFossil LakeAn early frigatebird.
L. hasegawaiFossil LakeAn early frigatebird

Pelecaniformes

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
ThreskiornithidaeRhynchaeitesR. sp.1 specimenAn undescribed ibis, known from a largely complete specimen.
VadaravisV. brownaeFossil LakePotentially a stem-ibis, but may be an indeterminate aequornithine.[28]

Eufalconimorphae

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
HalcyornithidaeCyrilavisC. colburnorumFossil LakeA halcyornithid.
C. olsoniFossil Lake
MesselasturidaeTynskyaT. eocaenaFossil LakeA messelasturid.
†PsittacopedidaeEofringillirostrumE. boudreauxiFossil LakeA psittacopedid.[30]
QuercypsittidaeAvolatavisA. tenensFossil LakeA quercypsittid.
ZygodactylidaeEozygodactylusE. americanusFossil LakeA zygodactylid.[31]
ZygodactylusZ. grandeiFossil LakeA zygodactylid.[32]

Neoaves incertae sedis

Two other genera, "Eoeurypyga" (a stem-sunbittern) and "Wyomingcypselus" (an early apodiform) are mentioned only in a 2002 dissertation,[34] and are presently nomina nuda.

Avian ichnofossils

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
†AvipedidaeAvipedaCf.A. phoenix Lake UnitaAvian trackways with three forward facing toes without inter-digit webbing.[35]
†IgnotornidaeQuadridigitusQ. semimembranus Lake UnitaAvian trackways with three forward facing toes, a hallux, and inter-digit webbing.
†JindongornipodidaeJindongornipesJ. falkbuckleyi Lake UnitaLarge avian trackways with four toes, and wide spread between digits II and IV.
Incertae sedisPresbyornithiformipesP. feduccii Lake UintaDuck-like trackways with dabble marks attributed to Presbyornis.[36]

Mammals

Partially based on Grande (1984). Aside from the few well-preserved mammals found in Fossil Lake, a majority of Green River mammals are based on isolated bones and teeth:

Metatheria

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
HerpetotheriidaeHerpetotheriumH. innominatumLake Gosiute
Lake Uinta
An opossum-like basal metatherian
Originally described as Peratherium innominatum.
H. knightiLake GosiuteAn opossum-like basal metatherian.

Chiroptera

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
†IcaronycteridaeIcaronycterisI. gunnelliFossil Lake2 specimensAn icaronycterid bat.[37]
I. indexFossil Lake2 specimensAn icaronycterid bat.
OnychonycteridaeOnychonycterisO. finneyiFossil Lake2 specimensAn onychonycterid bat.

Eulipotyphla

familyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
NyctitheriidaeNyctitheriumN. nitidumLake GosiuteA nyctitheriid.
Originally described as Talpavus nitidus.
N. sp.Lake Uinta

Pan-Carnivora

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
MiacidaeVulpavusV. profectusLake GosiuteA miacid.
IndeterminateindeterminateLake Gosiute
Lake Uinta
Indeterminate miacid bones.[38]
SinopidaeSinopaS. minorLake UintaA sinopid hyaenodont.
ViverravidaeViverravusV. minutusLake UintaA viverravid.
Incertae sedis"Miacis""M." gracilisLake UintaA carnivoraform of uncertain affinities.

Pan-Perissodactyla

familyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
BrontotheriidaeLambdotheriumL. popoagicumFossil Lake
A small-sized basal brontothere.
L. sp.Lake UnitaA small-sized basal brontothere.
Reported from Powder Wash, Utah by Cope (1880)[40]
EquidaeProtorohippusAff. P. venticolusFossil Lake2 specimensAn equid closely affiliated with P. venticolus.[41]
IndeterminateIndeterminateLake Gosiute
Lake Unita<
Indeterminate equiid bones.
First identified as Hyracotherium sp.
HyopsodontidaeHyopsodusH. minusculusLake Gosiute
Lake Uinta
A hyopsodontid.
H. paulus (=H. vicarius)Lake UintaA hyopsodontid.
includes H. vicarius specimens.
H. wortmaniFossil LakeA hyopsodontid.
↑HyrachyidaeHyrachyusIndeterminateLake UnitaUndeterminate Hyrachyus bones.
IndeterminateIndeterminateIndeterminateFossil Lake1 specimenA juvenile tapiromorph, the largest mammal known from the formation.
Initially described as Heptodon calciculus.[42]

Rodentia

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
IschyromyidaeParamysP. sp. Lake UintaA ischyromyid rodent.
ThisbemysT. sp. Lake GosiuteAn undescribed ischyromyid rodent.
SciuravidaeSciuravusS. eucristadens Lake Uinta (Douglas Creek Member)A sciuravid rodent.
Originally described as Viverravus eucristadens (1937).
S. sp.Lake UintaAn undescribed sciuravid.

Primatomorpha

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
MicrosyopidaeMicrosyopsM. elegansLake GosiuteA microsyopid stem-primate.
UintasorexU. parvulusLake GosiuteA microsyopid stem-primate.
NotharctidaeNotharctusN. sp.Lake GosiuteA notharctid adapiform.
SmilodectesS. gracilisLake UintaA notharctid adapiform.
Formerly included in Notharctus matthewi.
OmomyidaeAnemorhysisA. sp.Lake Unita1 specimen (lost?)An omomyid primate.
First named as Uintalacus nettingi (1958)
Deemed Anemorhysis sp indeterminate (1976)[44]
OmomysO. carteriLake UintaAn omomyid primate.
Includes O. pucillus[45]
TetoniusT. sp.Lake UintaAn omomyid primate.
WashakiusW. insignisLake GosiuteAn omomyid primate.

Arthropoda

Arachnida

Araneae

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
AraneidaeAraneusA. spLake Gosiute6 specimens Possible orbweb-spiders, known from partial fossils
First placed as Epeira sp.[46]
HersiliidaeHersiliola (sensu lato)H. sp.Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)1 maleA tree trunk spider.[47]
SelenopidaeIndeterminateIndeterminateLake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)1 specimenA female or juvenile selenopid spider.
ThomisidaeIndeterminateIndeterminateLake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)2 males, 1 juv femaleCrab spiders.
UloboridaeMiagrammopesM. sp.Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)1 female, 2 malesA uloborid spider.
IndeterminateIndeterminateLake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)A uloborid spider.
UnidentifiedAraneaovoius A. columbiae[48] 1 specimenAn orb-web spider egg sack.
First described as "Aranea" columbiae (1878)[49]

Scorpiones

Crustacea

Branchiopoda

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
CyclestheriidaeCyclestherioidesC. wyomingensisLake Gosiute (Laney)A cyclestheriid clam shrimp.[52]
LynceidaeProlynceusP. laneyensisLake Gosiute (Laney)A clam shrimp.

Decapods

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
PalaemonidaeBechlejaB. rostrataFossil LakeA palaemonid shrimp.[53]
CambaridaeProcambarusP. primaevusFossil LakeA cambarid crayfish.

Ostracoda

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
CandonidaeCandonaC. artesensis Fossil Lake
Lake Unita
A candonid ostracod.
C. rangliensis Fossil Lake
Lake Unita
A candonid ostracod.
C. whitei Fossil Lake
Lake Gosiute
Lake Unita
A candonid ostracod.
TuberocyprisT. centronotus Lake UnitaA candonid ostracod.
†CyprideidaeCyprideaC. bisulcata Lake UnitaA cyprideid ostracod.
CyprididaeAdvenocyprisA. umbonata Lake unitaA cypridid ostracod.[54]
HemicyprinotusH. watsonensis Lake unitaA cypridid ostracod.
One described subspecies H. watsonensis emaciata
HeterocyprisH. riflensis Lake unitaA cypridid ostracod.
H. whiteriverensis Lake unitaA cypridid ostracod.
PotamocyprisP. williamsi Fossil Lake
Lake Unita
A cypridid ostracod.
ProcyproisP. ravenridgensis]] Lake UnitaA cypridid ostracod.
Male and female specimens show shell sexual dimorphism
PseudoeucyprisP. pagei Lake UnitaA cypridid ostracod.
First described as Candona pagei (1949)
Moved from Cypris pagei (1956)
ScottiaS. subquadrata Lake UnitaA cypridid ostracod.
StenocyprisCf. S. sinuata Lake UnitaA cypridid ostracod.
LimnocytheridaeLimnocythereL. sp.Lake UnitaIndistinct limnocytherid fossils.
MetacyprisM. paracordata Lake UnitaA limnocytherid ostracod.
NotodromadidaeCyproisC. ephraimensis Fossil Lake
Lake Gosiute
Lake Unita
A notodromadid ostracod.

Myriapoda

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNoteswidth=170px Image
ParajulidaeJulus?1 specimenA punitive parajulidae millapede.
First described as Iulus telluster (1878).
Considered nomen dubium by Hoffman (1969).[55]

Insecta

Coleoptera

Adephaga
FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
CarabidaeBembidiumB. exoletum Lake UnitaA Bembidiini tribe trechine ground beetle.
CarabitesC. eocenicus Lake UnitaA ground beetle of uncertain subfamily affiliation.
C. exanimus Lake UintaA ground beetle of uncertain subfamily affiliation.[56]
HarpalusH. veterum Lake UintaA Harpalini tribe harpaline ground beetle.
LebiaL. protospiloptera Lake UnitaA Lebiini tribe harpaline ground beetle.[57]
NeothanesN. testeus Lake GosiuteA ground beetle of uncertain subfamily affiliation.
PlatynusP. senex Lake GosiuteA Platynini tribe platynine ground beetle.
DytiscidaeLaccophilusIndeterminateLake UintaAn indeterminate Laccophilini tribe predaceous diving beetle.
Elateriformia
FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
ElateridaeCardiophorusC. exhumatus Lake Unita1 specimenA cardiophorine click beetle.[58]
CteniceraC. velata Lake GosiuteA Prosternini tribe dendrometrine click beetle.[59]
First named as Corymbites velatus (1876).
OxygonusO. mortuus Lake UintaA Prosternini tribe dendrometrine click beetle.
EucnemidaeEpiphanisE. deletus Lake UnitaAn Epiphanini tribe melasine false click beetle.
Polyphaga - Bostrichiformia
FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
PtinidaeAnobiumA. deceptum Lake GosiuteA Anobiini tribe anobiine death-watch beetle.[60]
A. lignitum Lake GosiuteA Anobiini tribe anobiine death-watch beetle.
A. ovale Lake GosiuteA Anobiini tribe anobiine death-watch beetle.
StegobiumS. defunctus Lake GosiuteA Stegobiini tribe anobiine death-watch beetle.[61]
First described as Sitodrepa defuncta (1876).
Polyphaga - Cucujiformia
FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
AnthribidaeEupariusE. elusus Lake GosiuteA Cratoparini tribe anthribine fungus weevil.
First named as Cratoparis? elusus (1878)
E. repertus Lake GosiuteA Cratoparini tribe anthribine fungus weevil.
First named as Cratoparis repertus (1878)
PseudochirotenonP. eocaenicus Lake Unita1 specimenAn Ecelonerini tribe anthribine fungus weevil.[62]
TrigonorhinusT. pristinus Lake GosiuteA Trigonorhinini tribe anthribine fungus weevil.
First named as Brachytarsus pristinus (1876)
BrentidaePalaeonanophyesP. zherikhini Lake UnitaA Nanophyini tribe nanophyine primitive weevil.[63]
PerapionP. rasnitsyni Lake UintaAn Aplemonini tribe apionine primitive weevil.
CerambycidaeClytusC. pervetustus Lake UintaA Clytini tribe cerambycine long-horn beetle.[64]
First named as Lema pervetusta (1921)
SaperdaS. caroli Lake UnitaA Saperdini tribe lamiine long-horn beetle.[65]
ChrysomelidaeBruchusB. anilis Lake UnitaA Bruchini tribe bruchine leaf beetle.
CryptocephalusC. vetustus Lake GosiuteA Cryptocephalini tribe cryptocephaline leaf beetle.
DenaeaspisD. chelonopsis Lake UnitaAn Imatidiini tribe Cassidine tortoise beetle.[66]
EosacanthaE. delocranioides Lake UnitaAn Imatidiini tribe Cassidine tortoise beetle.
PalaeatalasisP. monrosi Lake Unita1 specimenA Megamerini tribe sagrine leaf beetle.[67]
PulchritudoP. attenboroughi Lake Uinta1 specimenA sagrine leaf beetle[68]
CryptophagidaeAntherophagusA. priscus Lake GosiuteA Cryptophagini tribe cryptophagine silken fungus beetle.
CurculionidaeArchaeoheilusA. deleticius Lake UintaA Molytini tribe molytine weevil.
First named as Pachylobius deleticius (1893)
Moved from Hylobius deleticius (2015)
A. ovalis Lake UintaA Molytini tribe molytine weevil.
A. packardii Lake GosiuteA Molytini tribe molytine weevil.
First named as Hylobius packardii (1893).
A. provectus Lake GosiuteA Molytini tribe molytine weevil.
First named as Hylobius provectus (1876).
A. scudderi Lake UintaA Molytini tribe molytine weevil.
"Coniatus""C." refractus Lake UintaA weevil.[69]
Generic placement was deemed dubious by Legalov (2020).[70]
CryptorhynchusC. annosus Lake GosiuteA Cryptorhynchini tribe cryptorhynchine weevil.
"Dryocoetes""D". carbonarius Lake GosiuteA Scolytini tribe scolytine bark beetle.
Considered genus and subfamily incertae sedis by Legalov (2015)
EntimusE. primordialis Lake UintaAn Entimini tribe entimine weevil.
EpicaerusE. effossus Lake GosiuteA Geonemini tribe entimine weevil.[71]
First named as Eudiagogus effossus (1876).
E. exanimis Lake GosiuteA Geonemini tribe entimine weevil.
First named as Eudiagogus exanimis (1876).
E. saxatilis Lake GosiuteA Geonemini tribe entimine weevil.
First named as Eudiagogus saxatilis (1876).
E. terrosus Lake GosiuteA Geonemini tribe entimine weevil.
First named as Eudiagogus terrosus (1878).
EudiagogusE. vossi Lake UintaA Eudiagogini tribe entimine weevil.
ExtinctocentrinusE. brevirostris Lake UintaAn Apostasimerini tribe conoderine weevil.[72]
GeraeusG. anvilis Lake UintaAn Apostasimerini tribe conoderine weevil.
G. fossilis Lake UintaAn Apostasimerini tribe conoderine weevil.
GymnetronG. lecontei Lake GosiuteA Mecinini tribe curculionine weevil.
Considered nomen dubium by Legalov (2015)
LithogeraeusL. greenriverensis Lake UintaAn Apostasimerini tribe conoderine weevil.
NicentrusN. curvirostris Lake UintaAn Apostasimerini tribe conoderine weevil.
OphryastesO. compactus Lake GosiuteA Tropiphorini tribe entimine weevil.
Considered nomen dubium (2011, 2015).[73]
OtiorhynchusO. tumbae Lake GosiuteA Otiorhynchini tribe entimine weevil.
Considered nomen dubium by Legalov (2015).First named Otiorhynchus dubius (1878)
PalaeomallerusP. longirostris Lake UintaA Palaeomallerini tribe conoderine weevil.
"Polygraphus""P". wortheni Lake GosiuteA Polygraphini tribe scolytine bark beetle.
Considered genus and subfamily incertae sedis by Legalov (2015)
PrimocentronP. wickhami Lake UintaAn Eustylini tribe entimine weevil.
First described as Otiorhynchus perditus (1876)
PseudophaopsP. perditus Lake GosiuteA Tropiphorini tribe entimine weevil.
First named Otiorhynchus perditus (1876)
P. wickhami Lake UintaA Tropiphorini tribe entimine weevil.
SciabregmaS. tenuicornis Lake UnitaA Sciabregmini tribe molytine weevil.
"Trypodendron""T". impressus Lake GosiuteA Scolytini tribe scolytine bark beetle.
Considered genus and subfamily incertae sedis by Legalov (2015)
Jr synonym includes Dryocoetes impressus (1878 in paleontology)
ErotylidaeTritomaT. binotata Lake GosiuteA Tritomini tribe erotyline pleasing fungus beetle.[74]
First named as Mycotretus binotata (1878)
MelandryidaeCicindelopsisC. eophilus Lake UnitaA false darkling beetle.
MordellidaePetrimordella P. priscula 1 specimenA tumbling flower beetle morphospecies.
First named as Mordella priscula (1925).[75]
P. rasnitsyni 1 specimenA tumbling flower beetle morphospecies.
First named as Isotrilophus rasnitsyni (2016).[76]
NemonychidaeEocaenonemonyxE. kuscheli Lake UnitaAn Eocaenonemonychini tribe cretonemonychine pine flower weevil.[77]
EugnamptusE. decemsatus Lake GosiuteAn Eocaenonemonychini tribe cretonemonychine pine flower weevil.
Considered nomen dubium by Legalov (2013).
E. grandaevus Lake GosiuteAn Eocaenonemonychini tribe cretonemonychine pine flower weevil.
First named as Sitona grandaevus (1876)
Considered nomen dubium by Legalov (2013).
PeltidaeIndeterminateIndeterminateLake GosiuteIndeterminate sheild beetle remains.
First named as Phenolia incapax.[78]
Polyphaga - Scarabaeiformia
FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
ScarabaeidaeAegialiaA. rupta An aegialiine scaraboid beetle.[79]
PhyllophagaP. avus Lake Unita1 specimenA melolonthine scaraboid beetle.
First described as Melolonthites avus (1921)
Polyphaga - Staphyliniformia
FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
HydrophilidaeBerosusB. sexstriatus Lake GosiuteA Berosini tribe hydrophiline water scavenger beetle.
B. tenuis Lake GosiuteA Berosini tribe hydrophiline water scavenger beetle.
EnochrusE. primaevus Lake GosiuteAn enochrine water scavenger beetle.
First named as Philhydrus primaevus (1878).
HydrobiusH. decineratus Lake GosiuteA Hydrobiusini tribe hydrophiline water scavenger beetle.
LaccobiusL. elongatus Lake GosiuteA Laccobiini tribe hydrophiline water scavenger beetle.
TropisternusT. saxialis Lake GosiuteA Hydrophilini tribe hydrophiline water scavenger beetle.
T. sculptilis Lake GosiuteA Hydrophilini tribe hydrophiline water scavenger beetle.
StaphylinidaeBlediusB. adamus Lake GosiuteA Blediini tribe oxyteline rove beetle.
BolitogyrusUndescribedLake UnitaA Staphylinini tribe staphylinine rove beetle.[80]
GyrophaenaG. saxicola Lake UnitaA Homalotini tribe aleocharine rove beetle.[81]
LathrobiumL. abscessum Lake GosiuteA Lathrobiini tribe paederine rove beetle.
LeistotrophusL. patriarchicus Lake UnitaA Staphylinini tribe staphylinine rove beetle.
OxytelusO. pristinus Lake UnitaA Oxytelini tribe oxyteline rove beetle.
StaphylinitesS. obsoletum Lake GosiuteA rove beetle of uncertain family affiliations.

Dictyoptera

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
AlienopteridaeChimaeroblattinaC. brevipes Lake UnitaAn alienopterid Dictyopteran.[82]
GrantG. viridifluvius Lake UnitaAn alienopterid Dictyopteran.
BlattidaePeriplanetaP.? smithiae Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek)1 specimenA possible periplanetean blattid cockroach.[83]
BlaberidaeDiplopteraD. gemini Lake UnitaA Diplopterine beetle cockroache.[84]
D. savba Lake UnitaA Diplopterine beetle cockroache.
D. vladimir Lake UnitaA Diplopterine beetle cockroache.
EctobiidaeCariblattoidesC. labandeirai Lake UintaA Pseudophyllodromiine wood cockroach.[85]
EctobiusE. kohlsi Lake UnitaAn ectobiine Ectobiid cockroach.[86]

Diptera

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
AnisopodidaeMycetobia"M." terricola Lake GosiuteA wood gnat.
First described as Diadocidia? terricola
Considered nomen dubium in (2019)[87]
OlbiogasterO. simplex Lake UnitaA olbiogastrine wood gnat.
First described as Eothereva simplex (1921)
AsilidaeAsilusA. palaeolestes Lake UnitaAn Asilini tribe asiline robber fly.
StenocinclisS. anomala Lake GosiuteA dasypogonine robber fly.
AnthomyiidaeAnthomyia"A." winchesteri Lake UnitaFirst described as an anthomyiid fly.
Deemed nomen dubium without evidence in 1996.[88]
BibionidaePleciaP. akerionana Lake Unita (Parachute Creek Member)A bibonid marchfly.
The smallest species from the formation.[89]
P. dejecta A bibonid marchfly.
P. pealei Fossil Lake (Fossil Butte Member)Most common insect in Fossil LakeA bibonid marchfly.
P. rhodopterina Lake UnitaA bibonid marchfly.
P. winchesteri Lake UnitaA bibonid marchfly.
P. woodruffi Lake UnitaA bibonid marchfly.
BlephariceridaePhiloritesP. pallescens Lake UnitaA net-winged midge of uncertain subfamily affinities.
CecidomyiidaeLasiopteraL. recessa Lake UnitaA Lasiopterini tribe cecidomyiine gall midge.
LithomyzaL. condita Lake UnitaA Lestremiini tribe Lestremiine gall midge.
Chaoboridae"Corethra"?"C".? exita Lake UnitaA punitive phantom midge.
ChironomidaeChironomusC. depletus Lake UnitaA Chironomini tribe chironomine nonbiting midge.
C. patens Lake UnitaA Chironomini tribe chironomine nonbiting midge.
UndescribedUndescribedLake UnitaNumerousundescribed midge larvae.
CulicidaeCulexC. winchesteri Lake UnitaA Culicini tribe culicine mosquito.[90]
CylindrotomidaeCylindrotomaC. veterana Lake UnitaA cylindrotomine long bodied cranefly.
CyttaromyiaC. fenestrata Lake Unita1 specimenA cylindrotomine long bodied cranefly species.[91] [92]
C. freiwaldi Lake Unita2 specimensA cylindrotomine long bodied cranefly species.
C. fuscula Lake Unita1 specimenA cylindrotomine long bodied cranefly species.First described as Asilopsis fusculus (1921).
C. gelhausi Lake Unita3 specimensA cylindrotomine long bodied cranefly species.
C. obdurescens Lake Unita1 specimenA cylindrotomine long bodied cranefly species.
C. reclusa Lake Unita1 specimenA cylindrotomine long bodied cranefly species.
EmpididaeProtoedaleaP. brachystoma Lake UintaA balloon fly of uncertain subfamily affinity.
RhamphomyiaR. enena Lake UnitaAn Empidini tribe empidine balloon fly.
HeleomyzidaeHeteromyzaH. detecta Lake UnitaA heleomyzine Heleomyzid fly.
HippoboscidaeEornithoicaE. grimaldii Fossil Lake (Fossil Butte Member)1 specimenA Hippoboscoidea fly Pupipara.[93]
KeroplatidaePalaeoplatyuraP. eocenica Lake UintaAn Orfeliini tribe keroplatine predatory fungus gnat.
LimoniidaeDicranomyiaD. primitiva Lake UnitaA limoniine limoniid cranefly.
D. rostrata Lake UnitaA limoniine limoniid cranefly.
Includes Tipula decrepita (1877).[94]
D. stigmosa Lake UnitaA limoniine limoniid cranefly.
Includes Tipula tecta (1877).
PronophlebiaP. rediviva Lake UnitaA limoniid cranefly of uncertain subfamily placement.
RhabdomastixR. scudderi Lake UnitaA chioneine limoniid cranefly.[95]
First named as Gonomyia scudderi (1921).
MycetophilidaeGnoristeG. dentoni Lake UnitaA gnoristine fungus gnat.
LeptomorphusL. palaeospilus Lake Unita A sciophiline fungus gnat.[96]
First named as Diomonus palaeospilus.
MycetophilaM. occultata Lake UnitaA Mycetophilini tribe Mycetophiline fungus gnat..
SackeniaS. arcuata Lake UnitaA Mycetophiline fungus gnat.
S. gibbosa Lake GosiuteA Mycetophiline fungus gnat.[97]
UndescribedUndescribedLake UnitaNumerousundescribed larvae.
MythicomyiidaeAcroceraA. hirsuta Lake UnitaAn acrocerine mythicomyiid fly.
Possibly nomen dubium
ReissaR. kohlsi A mythicomyiine mythicomyiid fly[98]
OestridaeCuterebraC. ascarides Lake UnitaNumerousA cuterebrine bot fly species.
First named as Musca ascarides (1877)
Moved from Lithohypoderma ascarides (1916)
C. bibosa Lake UnitaNumerousA cuterebrine bot fly species.
First named as Musca bibosa (1877)
DermatobiaD. hydropica Lake UnitaA cuterebrine bot fly.
StratiomyidaeNemotelusN. eocenicus Lake UnitaA soldier fly.
OdontomyiaUndescribedLake UnitaNumerousundescribed soldier fly larvae.
SargusS. vetus Lake UnitaA soldier fly.
PsychodidaeIndeterminateIndeterminateLake UntiaAn indeterminate psychodid fly.[99] First described as Culex proavitus (1877).
SciomyzidaeSciomyza?S.? manca Lake Gosiute
Lake Unita
A Sciomyzini tribe sciomyzine marsh fly.
S.? disjecta Lake GosiuteA Sciomyzini tribe sciomyzine marsh fly.
SyrphidaeAsarkinaA. quadrata Lake GosiuteA Syrphini tribe syrphine hoverfly.
First described as Milesia quadrata (1878)
CheilosiaC. ampla Lake GosiuteA Rhingiini tribe eristaline hoverfly.
EristalisE. lapideus An Eristalini tribe eristaline hoverfly.
SyrphusS. eocenicus Lake UintaA Syrphini tribe syrphine hoverfly.
S. lithaphidis Lake UnitaA Syrphini tribe syrphine hoverfly.
UndescribedUndescribedLake UnitaNumerousundescribed hoverfly larvae.
TabanidaeUndescribedUndescribedLake UnitaNumerousundescribed larvae.
TipulidaeSpiladomyiaS. simplex Lake UnitaA tipulid cranefly of uncertain subfamily affinities.
TipulaT. americanaLake UnitaA tipuline tipulid cranefly.[100]
Incertae sedisAcanthomyitesA. aldrichi Lake UnitaA brachyceran fly of uncertain family affinities.
First treated as a house fly.
PoliomyiaP. recta Lake GosiuteA schizophoran fly of uncertain affinity.[101]
VinculomuscaV. vinculata Lake UnitaA fly pupal case morphospecies of uncertain affinity.[102]
First named as Musca vinculata (1877)

Hemiptera

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
Aphididae†?Siphonophoroides†?S. antiqua Lake GosiuteA possible drepanosiphine aphid.
First identified as possibly Lithaphis diruta (1890)
CercopidaeCercopisC. cephalinus Lake UnitaA Cercopini tribe cercopine froghopper.
CicadellidaeAphrodesA. adae Lake GosiuteAn Aphrodini tribe aphrodine leafhopper.
First named as Acocephalus adae (1878).
CicadellaC. parobtecta Lake UnitaA Cicadellini tribe cicadelline leafhopper.
A replacement name for Tettigonia obtecta (1877 non-Fabricius, 1803)[103]
C. scudderi Lake UnitaA Cicadellini tribe cicadelline leafhopper.
CoelidiaC. wyomingensis Fossil Lake (Fossil Butte Member)1 specimenA coelidiine leafhopper.
IassusI. lapidescens Lake UintaAn Iassini tribe iassine leafhopper.[104]
First named as Bythoscopus lapidescens (1877)
ThamnotettixT. packardi Lake UnitaAn Athysanini tribe deltocephaline leafhopper.
First named as Erythroneura eocenica (1921)
CixiidaeCixiusC.? hesperidumLake GosiuteA possible Cixiini tribe cixiine cixiid planthopper.
Considered nomen dubium by Swedo and Lefebvre (2004).[105]
OliaritesO. terrentula Lake GosiuteA cixiine cixiid planthopper.
First named as Mnemosyne terrentula (1878)
Considered nomen dubium by Swedo and Lefebvre (2004).[106]
CydnidaeCyrtomenusC. concinnus Lake GosiuteA Geotomini tribe cydnine burrowing bug.
ProcydnusP. mamillanus Lake GosiuteA cydnine burrowing bug.
First named as Cydnus? mamillanus (1878).
StenopeltaS. punctulata Lake GosiuteA cydnine burrowing bug.
First named as Aethus punctulatus (1878).
DelphacidaeDelphaxD. veterum Lake UintaA Delphacini tribe delphacine delphacid froghopper
DinidoridaeDinidoritesD. margiformis Lake UnitaA dinidorid shield bug of uncertain subfamily affinities.
FulgoridaeAphaenaA. atava Lake UnitaA lanternfly of uncertain subfamily affiliations
First named as Aphana atava (1877)
A. rotundipennis Lake GosiuteA lanternfly of uncertain subfamily affiliations
First named as Aphana rotundipennis (1878)
FulgoraF. granulosa Lake GosiuteA Fulgorini tribe fulgorine lanternfly.
F. populata Lake GosiuteA Fulgorini tribe fulgorine lanternfly.
Lystra?L.? leei Lake GosiuteA Lystrini tribe poiocerine lanternfly.
L.? richardsoni Lake GosiuteA Lystrini tribe poiocerine lanternfly.
GerridaeTelmatrechusT. parallelus Fossil Lake (Fossil Butte Member)
Lake Uinta (Laney Member)
A water strider.[107]
LophopidaeScoparideaS. nebulosa Lake UnitaA lophopid planthopper.
LyctocoridaeLyctocorisL. terreus Lake GosiuteA Lyctocorini tribe lyctocorine Lyctocorid bug.
First named as Rhyparochromus? terreus (1878)
NogodinidaeDetyopsisD. scudderi Lake UnitaA nogodinid planthopper.
D. scudderi Lake UnitaA nogodinid planthopper.
LithopsisL. delicata Lake UnitaA nogodinid planthopper.
L. fimbriata Lake GosiuteA nogodinid planthopper.
L. simillima Lake UnitaA nogodinid planthopper.
"Paralatindia""P." saussurei Lake GosiuteA nogodinid planthopper.
First described as a Paralatindia genus cockroach.
Considered nomen dubium by Shcherbakov (2006)[108]
ReduviidaeAphelicophontesA. danjuddi Lake UnitaA Harpactorini tribe Harpactorine Assassin bug.[109]
RhopalidaeCorizusC. guttatus Lake GosiuteA Rhopalini tribe rhopaline scentless plant bug.
First named as Reduvius guttatus (1878).
RhyparochromidaeAphanusA. petrensis Lake UnitaA Gonianotini tribe rhyparochromine seed bug.
First named as Pachymerus petrensis (1877).[110]
RicaniidaeDilaropsisD. ornatus Lake UnitaA Ricaniid plant hopper.
Hammapteryx?H.? ceryniiformis Lake UnitaA Ricaniid plant hopper.
H.? lepidoides Lake UnitaA Ricaniid plant hopper.
TingidaeGyaclavatorG. kohlsi Lake UnitaA lace bug of uncertain subfamily affiliation.[111] center|upright|frameless
Incertae sedis"Delphax""D." senilis First described as an delphacine froghopper.
Considered nomen dubium
DiaplegmaD. obdormitum Lake GosiuteA fulgoroid leafhopper of uncertain familial affinities.
First placed as a cixiid planthopper.
EmilianaE. alexandri Lake UnitaA fulgoroid leafhopper of uncertain familial affinities.
First placed as a Tropiduchid froghopper
EoliarusE. lutensis Lake GosiuteA fulgoroid leafhopper of uncertain familial affinities.
First described as Oliarus lutensis (1890)
E. quadristictus A fulgoroid leafhopper of uncertain familial affinities.
ProtoliarusP. humatus Lake UintaA fulgoroid leafhopper of uncertain familial affinities.
First described as a lanternfly.

Hymenoptera

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
ApidaeEuglossopteryxE. biesmeijeri Lake Unita (Parachute Creek Member)An apid bee.[112]
BethylidaeEupsenellaE. sp. An old world Bethylidae wasp.[113]
BraconidaeBraconB. laminarum Lake GosiuteA Braconini tribe braconine braconid wasp.
ColemanusC. keeleyorum Lake Unita (Parachute Creek Member)A Proteropini tribe ichneutine braconid wasp.[114]
EobraconE. cladurus Lake UnitaA braconid wasp of uncertain subfamily affinities.
HormiopterusH. petrinus Lake UnitaA braconid wasp of uncertain subfamily affinities.
First named as Ichneumon petrinus[115]
EurytomidaeEurytomaE. antiqua Lake GosiuteAn eurytomine Eurytomid chalcid wasp.
First described as Decatoma antiqua (1878).
FormicidaeArchimyrmexA. rostratus Lake UnitaNumerousA myrmeciine ant.
CamponotitesC. vetus Green River Formation?1 specimenA formicine ant of uncertain affiliation.
First described as Camponotus vetus (1877)[116]
The type locality was not specified by Scudder, and may Be G.R.F. or White River Formation.[117]
DolichoderusD. kohlsi Lake Uinta NumerousA Dolichoderus species ant.[118]
EoformicaE. globularis Lake Unita2 specimensAn ant of unidentified affiliation.
E. magna Lake Unita1 specimen An ant of unidentified affiliation.
E. pinguis Lake Gosiute
Lake Uinta
NumerousAn ant of unidentified affiliation.
Moved from Liometopum pingue (1877)
Includes the jr synonyms Lasius terreus (1878) and Eoformica eocenica (1921)
IndeterminateLake Unita2 specimen Two partial specimens that may be referable to Eoformica.
KohlsimyrmaK. gracilis Lake Unita2 specimensAn ant of uncertain affiliation.
K. laticeps Lake Unita1 specimen An ant of uncertain affiliation.
K. longiceps Lake Unita3 specimens An ant of uncertain affiliation.
MianeuretusM. eocenicus Lake Unita2 specimensAn aneuretine ant.
IndeterminateLake Unita1 specimen A partial specimen that may belong to Mianeuretus.
MyrmecitesM. rotundiceps Lake Unita1 specimen A myrmicine ant of uncertain affiliation.
PachycondylaP. labandeirai Lake Gosiute1 specimen A Pachycondyla species ant.
PoneritesP. coloradensis Lake Unita1 specimen A ponerine ant of uncertain affiliation.
P. eocenicus Lake Unita1 specimen A ponerine ant of uncertain affiliation.
P. hypoponeroides Lake Unita1 specimen A ponerine ant of uncertain affiliation.
ProiridomyrmexP. vetulus Lake Unita 1 specimenA dolichoderine of uncertain affinity.
IndeterminateLake Unita1 specimen A partial specimen that may belong to Proiridomyrmex.
SolenopsitesS. minutus Lake Unita1 specimen A Solenopsis like ant of uncertain affiliation.
TitanomyrmaT. lubei Fossil Lake (Angelo Member)3 specimensA titan ant species.[119] [120]
IndeterminateIndeterminateLake Unita1 specimen A partial ant specimen that may belong to Formica.
IndeterminateIndeterminateLake Unita3 specimens Partial ant specimens of unidentified subfamily placement.
IchneumonidaeAllomacrusA. lanhami Lake UnitaA cylloceriine darwin wasp.[121] First named as Plectiscidea lanhami (1941)[122]
CarinibusC. molestus Lake UnitaA darwin wasp of uncertain subfamily placement.[123]
Eclytus?E.? lutatus Lake Gosiute?A possible Eclytini tribe tryphonine darwin wasp.
EopimplaE. grandis Lake UnitaA darwin wasp of uncertain subfamily placement.
Glypta?G.? transversalis Lake Gosiute?A Glyptini tribe banchine darwin wasp.
IchninsumI. appendicrassumLake UnitaA pimpline darwin wasp.
LithotorusL. cressoni] Lake Gosiute?An Orthocentrine darwin wasp.
Mesoclistus?M.? yamatarotiLake UnitaA possible Coleocentrini tribe acaenitine darwin wasp.
Pimpla?P.? eocenica Lake UnitaA possible Pimplini tribe pimpline darwin wasp.[124]
PhygadeuonP. petrifactellus Lake UintaA Phygadeuontini tribe phygadeuontine darwin wasp.
Rhyssa?R.? juvenis Lake Gosiute?A Rhyssini tribe rhyssine darwin wasp.
Scambus?S.? mandibularisLake UnitaA possible Ephialtini tribe pimpline darwin wasp.
S.? parachutiLake UnitaA possible Ephialtini tribe pimpline darwin wasp.
TilgidopsisT. haesitans Lake UnitaA darwin wasp of uncertain subfamily placement.
TrymectusT. amasidis lake UnitaA darwin wasp of uncertain subfamily placement.
First described as Tryphon amasidis (1931)
SiricidaeEoteredonE. lacoi Fossil Lake1 specimenA siricid Horntail wood-wasp.[125]
TenthredinidaeEutomostethusE. karimae Lake UnitaA blennocampine common sawfly.[126]
XyelidaeProxyeliaP. pankowskii Fossil Lake1 specimenA xyelid sawfly[127]

Neuroptera

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
BerothidaeXenoberothaX. angustialata Lake Unita (Parachute Creek Member)1 specimenA berothine beaded lacewing.[131]
HemerobiidaeMegalomus?M.? coloradensis Lake UnitaA possible Megalomus brown lacewing.[132]
PseudonotherobiusP. kohlsi Lake UnitaA brown lacewing.
MantispidaeProtonolimaP. mantispinoformis Lake Unita1 specimenA calomantispine mantidfly.[133]
MyrmeleontidaeEpignopholeonE. sophiae Lake Unita (Parachute Creek Member)1 specimenA probable Gnopholeontini tribe myrmeleontine antlion.[134]
OsmylidaeOsmylidiaO. taliae Lake Unita1 specimenA protosmyline Osmylid lance lacewing[135]
Incertae sedisCallospilopteronC. ocellatum A lacewing of uncertain affiliation.
First identified as an hemipteran planthopper.

Odonata

Primarily based on Bechly et al (2020):[138]

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
AmphipterygidaeProtamphipteryxP. basalis Fossil LakeAn amphipterygine amphipterygid damselfly.[139]
†CarleidaeCarleaC. eocenica Fossil Lake1 specimenA carleid damselfly.
CordulibellulidaeCordulibellulaC. inopinata Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek)A cordulibellulid dragonfly
the last member of an ancient lineage.[140]
CorduliidaeStenogomphusS. carletoni Lake UnitaA green-eyed skimmer.
"S." scudderi Lake UnitaFirst described as a green-eyed skimmer.
Deemed nomen dubium in 1994.[141]
DysagrionidaeDysagrionD. fredericii Lake Gosiute (Laney Member)16 specimensA dysagrionine dysagrionid damselfly.
D. integrum Fossil Lake (Fossil Butte Member)1 specimen
D. lakesii Lake Gosiute (Laney Member)1 specimen
D. packardii Lake Gosiute (Laney Member)1 specimen
PetrolestesP. hendersoni Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)1 specimenA petrolestine dysagrionid damselfly.
P. inexpectatus Lake Uinta1 specimenA petrolestine dysagrionid damselfly.
TenebragrionT. tynskyi Fossil LakeA dysagrionid damselfly.[142]
T. shermani Fossil LakeA dysagrionid damselfly.
CalopterygidaeEocalopteryxE. atavina Lake Gosiute1 specimenA calopterygid damsefly.
EuphaeidaeEodysphaeaE. magnifica Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek)A euphaeid damselfly.
EpallagitesE. avus Lake Unita
LabandeiraiaL. americaborealis Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek)1 specimen
L. riveri Fossil Lake1 specimen
LitheuphaeaL. coloradensis Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek)1 specimen
†EolestidaeEolestesE. syntheticus Lake UnitaAn eolestid damselfly.[143]
MegapodagrionidaeViridiflumineagrionV. aasei Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)1 specimenA "megapodagrionid" damselfly.[144]
ThaumatoneuridaeGusagrionG. coloratum Lake Uinta1 specimenAn eodysagrionine thaumatoneurid damselfly.[145]
OreodysagrionO. tenebris Fossil LakeA thaumatoneurid damselfly.
TynskysagrionT. brookeae Fossil LakeA thaumatoneurid damselfly.
†UrolibellulidaeKohlslibellulaK. lini Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek)A urolibellulid dragonfly
UrolibellulaU. eocaenica Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek)A urolibellulid dragonfly
ZacallitidaeZacallitesZ. balli A zacallitid damselfly.
Z. cockerelli Fossil Lake
incertae sedisEopodagrion"E." abortivum Lake Gosiute (Laney Member)1 specimenA damselfly of uncertain affinities.
First named as Podagrion abortivum (1878)
Deemed nomen dubium by Nel (2022).[146]
E. scudderi Lake Gosiute (Laney Member)3 specimensA damselfly of uncertain affinities.

Orthoptera

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
EumastacidaeEoerianthusE. eocaenicus Lake UnitaA monkey grasshopper.[147]
E. multispinosus Lake GosiuteA monkey grasshopper.
First described as Tyrbula multispinosa (1890.
GryllidaeEogryllusE. unicolor Lake UnitaA Gryllini tribe grylline true cricket.
Eogryllus?E.? elongatus Lake UnitaA Gryllini tribe grylline true cricket.
Tentatively placed in Eogryllus
PronemobiusP. induratus Lake GosiuteA Gryllini tribe grylline true cricket.
P. ornatipes Lake UnitaA Gryllini tribe grylline true cricket.
P. tertiarius Lake Gosiute
Lake Unita
A Gryllini tribe grylline true cricket.
Tentatively placed in Pronemobius
First described as Nemobius tertiarius (1878).[148]
GryllotalpidaePterotriamescaptor?P.? americanus Lake UnitaA gryllotalpine mole cricket.
MogoplistidaeEomogoplistesE. longipennis Lake UnitaA Mogoplistini tribe Mogoplistine scaly cricket.
PteromogoplistesP. grandis Lake UnitaA Mogoplistini tribe Mogoplistine scaly cricket.
IndeterminateLake UnitaIndeterminate scaly cricket fossils.
Pteromogoplistes?P.? smithii Lake UnitaA Mogoplistini tribe Mogoplistine scaly cricket.
Tentatively moved from Pronemobius smithii (1890)
PhalangopsidaeEotrellaE. mira Lake UnitaA phalangopsine spider cricket.
EozaclaE. arachnomorpha Lake UnitaA phalangopsine spider cricket.
E. problematica Lake UnitaA phalangopsine spider cricket.
TetrigidaeEotetrixE. unicornis Lake UnitaA batrachideine pygmy grasshopper.
TettigoniidaeArethaeaA. solterae Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek)1 specimenA roundhead katydid.[149]
TrigonidiidaeIndeterminateIndeterminateLake UnitaIndetermiante trigonidiine sword-tail cricket remains.
Incertae sedisTettoraptorT. maculatus Lake UnitaA Tettigoniid grasshopper of uncertain affiliations.

Strepsiptera

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
MyrmecolacidaeCaenocholaxC. barkleyi Lake Unita (Parachute Creek Member)1 specimenA male twisted-winged insect.[150]
C. palusaxus Lake Unita (Parachute Creek Member)1 specimenA male twisted-winged insect.[151]

Thysanoptera

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
AeolothripidaeLithadothripsL. vetustus Lake UintaAn Aeolothripid thrips.
First named as Lithadothrips vetusta[152]
PalaeothripsP. fossilis Lake UnitaAn Aeolothripid thrips.[153]
MelanthripidaeMelanothripsM. extincta Lake UnitaA melanthripid thrips.

Trichoptera

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
HydropsychidaeHydropsycheH. operta Lake UnitaA hydropsychine net-spinning caddisfly.
First named as Phryganea operta (1877)
HydroptilidaeHydroptilaH. phileos Lake UnitaA Hydroptilini tribe hydroptiline purse-case caddisfly.
LimnephilidaeIndusiaI. calculosa Lake Gosiute?A northern caddisfly larval case morphospecies.
LimnephilusL. eocenicus Lake Unita1 specimenA northern caddisfly species.
Incertae sedisLitholimnephilopsL. yinani Lake UnitaA caddis fly of uncertain affiliations.[154]

Mollusks

Based on Grande (1984):[155] [156]

Bivalvia

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
SphaeriidaeSphaeriumS. sp.Lake GosiuteA fingernail clam.
UnionidaePlesielliptioP. priscusA unionid river mussel.
P. sp. "A"

Gastropoda

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
BulimulidaeOreoconusO. sp.?An undescribed bulimulid land snail.
GastrocoptidaeGastrocoptaG. sp.An undescribed gastrocoptid land snail.
HydrobiidaeHydrobiaLake Gosiute (Laney, Tipton Shale, Wilkins Peak)An undescribed mud snail.
Affiliated to Hydrobia utahensis
H. sp.Lake Gosiute (Tipton Shale)An undescribed mud snail.
LymnaeidaeLymnaeaL. similis Lake Gosiute (Laney)A pond snail.
L. sp.Lake Gosiute (Tipton Shale)A undescribed pond snail.
PleurolimnaeaP. tenuicosta Lake Gosiute (Tipton Shale?)A pond snail.
First named Limnaea tenuicosta (1856)
PlanorbidaeBiomphalariaB. aequalis Lake Gosiute (Laney, Tipton Shale)A ramshorn snail.
B. storchi Lake Gosiute (Laney?, Tipton Shale)A ramshorn snail.
HeadoniaH. pseudoammonius Lake Gosiute (Laney, Tipton Shale)A ramshorn snail
First reported as Biomphalaria pseudoammonius (1820)
?Drepanotrema?D. sp.Lake Gosiute (Laney)An undescribed ramshorn snail.
GyraulusG. militaris Lake Gosiute (Tipton Shale)A ramshorn snail.
OmalodiscusO. cirrus Lake Gosiute (Tipton Shale)A ramshorn snail.
PhysidaePhysa†?P. longiuscula Lake Gosiute (Tipton Shale)An bladder snail.
P. sp.Lake Gosiute (Laney)An undescribed bladder snail.
PhysellaP. bridgerensis Lake Gosiute (Laney, Tipton Shale)A bladder snail.
First named Physa bridgerensis (1873)
P. pleromatis Lake Gosiute (Tipton Shale)A bladder snail.
First named Physa pleromatis (1877)
PleuroceridaeElimiaE. tenera Lake Gosiute (Laney, Tipton Shale, Wilkins Peak)A pleurocerid snail.
the most common snail in the formation
The source of the famous "Turritella agate".
UrocoptidaeHolospiraH. sp.An undescribed urocoptid land snail.
ValvatidaeValvataV. subumbilicata Lake Gosiute (Laney, Tipton Shale)A valve snail.
Cf.V. filosa An undescribed valve snail.
Similar to Valvata filosa
ViviparidaeViviparusV. meeki Lake Gosiute (Laney, Tipton Shale)A river snail.
First named Paludina trochiformis (1856 non-von Zieten, 1830)
V. paludinaeformis Lake Gosiute (Tipton Shale)A river snail.

Fungi

GenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
CaenomycesC. eucalypti Lake Unita1 specimenA possible ascomycotan leaf spot fungus morphospecies.
Hosted on a Syzygioides americana leaf.[157] [158]
Brown (1934) considered all leaf spots of the formation to be indeterminate †Sphaerites species.[159]
C. planerae 1 specimenA possible ascomycotan leaf spot fungus morphospecies.
Hosted on a Cedrelospermum nervosum leaf.[160] [161]
Brown (1934) considered all leaf spots of the formation to be indeterminate †Sphaerites species.
C. sapindicola 1 specimenA possible ascomycotan leaf spot fungus morphospecies.
Hosted on the Toxicodendron winchesteri holotype leaf.[162]
Brown (1934) considered all leaf spots of the formation to be indeterminate †Sphaerites species.
EoglobellaE. longipes Lake Unita1 specimenA Staurosporaen fungal spore of uncertain affiliation.[163]
EntophlyctisE. willoughbyi Lake Gosiute (Wilkins Peak Member)An aquatic chytridialean fungi.[164]
PleotrachelusP. askaulos Lake Gosiute (Wilkins Peak Member)An aquatic chytridialean fungi.
SphaeritesS. myricae Lake Gosiute1 specimenA possible ascomycotan leaf spot fungus morphospecies.
Hosted on a "Rhus" nigricans leaf.
First described as Sphaeria myricae (1878)[165]
Brown (1934) considered all leaf spots of the formation to be indeterminate †Sphaerites species.

Unicellular microbiota

Cyanobacteria

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNoteswidth=170px Image
ChroococcaceaeChroococcus?Cf. C. dispersus Lake UnitaAn aquatic chroococcacean cyanobacteria.[166]
Cf. C. westii Lake UnitaAn aquatic chroococcacean cyanobacteria.
ColeofasciculaceaeStigonemaS. anchistina Lake Gosiute (Wilkins Peak Member)An aquatic coleofasciculacean cyanobacteria.[167]
SymplocaS. hedraia Lake Gosiute (Wilkins Peak Member)An aquatic coleofasciculacean cyanobacteria.
GomontiellaceaeCrinalium?Cf. C. endophyticum Lake UnitaAn aquatic gomontiellaceous cyanobacteria.
C. sp.Lake UnitaAn aquatic gomontiellaceous cyanobacteria.
First identified as Spirulina sp. (1916)
HapalosiphonaceaeHapalosiphonH. confervaceus Lake UnitaAn aquatic hapalosiphonaceous cyanobacteria.

Algae

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
ChaetophoraceaeStigeoclonium?Lake Unita1 specimenA possible chaetophoraceous chlorophyte green algae.
ChlorellaceaeChlorellopsisC. coloniata A unicellular stromatolite forming green algae.[168]
ConfervitesC. mantiensis Lake Uinta (Manti beds)A filamentous stromatolite forming green algae.
HydrodictyaceaeTetraedronLake Unita1 specimenA hydrodictyaceous chlorophyte green algae.
MicrosporaceaeMicrosporaCf. M. pachyderma Lake Unita1 specimenA sphaeroplealean chlorophyte green algae.
OocystaceaeCf. EremosphaeraE. sp.Lake UnitaAn oocystacean chlorophyte green algae.
ScenedesmaceaeCoelastrumCf. C. verrucosum Lake UnitaA sphaeroplealean chlorophyte green algae.
SchizochlamydaceaeSchizochlamysS. haywellensis Lake Gosiute (Wilkins Peak Member)A sphaeroplealean chlorophyte green algae.

Amoebozoans

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
DifflugiidaeDifflugiaD. calcifera Lake Unita1 specimenA difflugiid lobose testate amoeba.
QuadrulidaeQuadrulaQ. minuta Lake Unita1 specimenA quadrulid lobose testate amoeba.

Cercozoans

Plants

Ferns

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
AspleniaceaeAspleniumA. delicatula A spleenwort fern leaf morphospecies.[171]
First described as Aneimia delicatula (1929)
Includes Phyllites furcivena (1934)
Jr homonym of Asplenium delicatulum
A. eoligniticum Lake Unita2 specimensA spleenwort fern leaf morphospecies.
EquisetaceaeEquisetumE. haydenii Not Green River FormationA scouring rush morphospecies.
First ascribed to the formation
Excluded by Knowlton (1923) as a Washakie Formation species.
E. winchesteri Lake Gosiute1 specimenA scouring rush morphospecies.
E. wyomingense Lake Gosiute
Lake Unita
A scouring rush morphospecies.
LygodiaceaeLygodiumL. dentoni Rejected1? specimenA climbing fern species.
Type specimens missing by 1923
Brown (1934) rejected per Knowlton and dubious locality.
L. kaulfussi Fossil Lake
Lake Gosiute
Lake Unita
NumerousA climbing fern species.
First described as Lygodium neuropteroides (1870)
MarattiaceaeDanaeaD. coloradensis Lake Unita1 specimenA possible marattiaceous fern leaf morphospecies.
The genus affiliation was questioned by MacGinitie (1969).
MarsileaceaeMarsileaM. sprungerorum Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)NumerousA water clover fern.[172]
OsmundaceaeOsmunda?Q.? sepulta Lake Gosiute2 specimensA possible osmundaceous fern leaf morphospecies.
First described as Pecopteris sepulta (1883)
SalviniaceaeAzollaA. berryi Lake Unita1 specimenA mosquito fern morphospecies.
PteridaceaeAcrostichumA. hesperium Lake Gosiute3 specimensA parkerioid leather fern leaf morphospecies.[173]

Cycadalean palynomorphs

GenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNoteswidth=170px Image
CycadopitesC. sp.Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)NumerousVarious Cycas - Zamia Cycad palynomorphs.
DioonipitesD. sp.5 specimensA Dioon like Cycad palynomorph.

Conifers

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
CupressaceaeSequoiaCf.S. affinis Lake UnitaA coast redwood relative.
Rowspan=3PinaceaePiceaP. pinifructus Lake Unita1 specimenFirst identified as a spruce seed.
Deemed a jr synonym of Cercidiphyllum arcticum by Brown (1939).[174]
PinusP. balli Lake Unita1 specimenA 3-needle pine morphospecies.
P. florissanti Lake Unita1 specimenA pine morphospecies.
incertae sedisTaxitesT. eocenica Lake Uinta1 specimenIsolated conifer needles of uncertain affiliation.
Similar to some Cupressaceae, Pinaceae, and Taxaceae genera.

Conifer palynomorphs

GenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
AbiesA. concolipites Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)2 specimensA true fir palynomorph similar to Abies concolor.[175]
AbietipitesA. antiquus 2 specimensA generally abietine-like palyonomorph.
CedripitesC. eocenicus 1 specimenA Cedrus libani cedar-like palyonomorph.
InaperturopollenitesI. concedipites 6 specimensA Cunninghamia-like palyonomorph.
First described as Cunninghamia concedipites (1933).[176]
I. vacuipites 1 specimenA Chinese swamp cypress-like palyonomorph.
First described as Glyptostrobus vacuipites (1933).[177]
PiceaP. grandivescipites 6 specimensA spruce palyonomorph.
PinusP. scopulipites NumerousA pine palyonomorph.
Less common than P. strobipites.
P. strobipites NumerousA pine palyonomorph.
P. tuberculipites 6 specimensA pine palyonomorph.
TaxodiumT. hiatipites NumerousA bald cypress palyonomorph.
TsugaepollenitesT. viridifluminipites 1 specimenA hemlock-like palyonomorph.
First described as Tsuga viridifluminipites (1933)
Moved from Zonalapollenites viridifluminipites (1953).[178] [179]

Gnetalean palynomorphs

GenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNoteswidth=170px Image
Gnetaceae-pollenitesG. eocenipites Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)12 specimensAn Ephedra-like palyonomorph.
First described as Ephedra eocenipites (1933).[180]

Magnoliids

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
AristolochiaceaeAristolochiaA. mortua An pipevine leaf morphospecies.
HernandiaceaeIlligeraI. eocenica Lake UnitaAn Illigera seed morphospecies.[181]
LauraceaeBeilschmiediaB. eocenica A Beilschmiedia leaf morphospecies.
Name a jr homonym of Beilschmiedia eocenica
LinderaL. allardi A spicebush leaf morphospecies.
L. varifolia Lake UnitaA spicebush leaf morphospecies.
OcoteaO. coloradensis Lake Unita2 specimensAn Ocotea leaf morphospecies.
First described as Oreodaphne coloradensis (1934)
O. lancifolia Lake Gosiute
Lake Unita
2 specimensAn Ocotea leaf morphospecies.
First described as Sapindus lancifolius (1883)
Moved from Oreodaphne lancifolia (1934)
Also includes Oreodaphne knowltoni (1929)
PerseaP. coriacea A Persea leaf morphospecies.
Name a jr homonym of Persea coriacea
MagnoliaceaeTalaumaT. multiperforata Lake Gosiute (Eden Valley)An magnolia wood morphospecies.[182]

Magnoliid palynomorphs

GenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNoteswidth=170px Image
LiriodendronL. psilopites Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)1 specimenA Liriodendron tulipifera-like tulip tree palyonomorph.

Monocots

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
Rowspan=8ArecaceaePalmacitesP. florissanti Fossil Lake
Lake Uinta
A palmately veined palm leaf morphospecies.
Moved from Sabalites florissanti (1930)
First described as Flabellaria florissanti (1885).[183]
PalmoxylonP. colei Lake Gosiute (Eden Valley)A palm wood morphospecies.[184]
P. contortum Lake Gosiute (Eden Valley)A palm wood morphospecies.
P. edenense Lake Gosiute (Eden Valley)A palm wood morphospecies.
P. macginitiei Lake Gosiute (Eden Valley)A palm wood morphospecies.
PhoenicitesP. haydenii 1 specimenA pinnately veined palm leaf morphospecies.
Moved from Geonomites haydenii (1923)
First described as Manicaria haydenii (1883).
PhoenixP. windmillisFossil Lake (Fossil Butte member)
Lake Gosiute (Laney Member)
Lake Unita (Parachute Creek Member)
numerousA Phoenix flower morphospecies.[185]
SabalitesS. powellii Fossil Lake
Lake Uinta
A palmate veined palm leaf morphospecies.
First described as Sabal powellii (1883).
Cypreaceae?CyperacitesC.? filiferusLake UnitaA number of specimensLikely rhizomes of monocots?.
Oldest specimen first described as Diatryma? filifera, a Gastornis feather.[186]
Description of the species as a bird feather was questioned by Alexander Wetmore (1930)[187]
Brown (1934) moves the species to Carpolithus filiferus
A second group of fossils is described as a cactus, Eopuntia douglassi (1944)[188]
Brown redescribes both as cypreaceous rhizomes, and synonymized both species as Cyperus filiferus (1959)[189]
Herman Becker (1963) agrees with the synonymy, but moves the species to the Cyperacites morphogenus as Cyperacites? filiferus.[190]
C. haydenii Lake GosiuteSeveral specimensA sedge-like leaf morphospecies.
First described as Cyperites haydenii (1885)
CyperusC. chavannesi Rejected1 specimenA sedge leaf morphospecies.
Rejected by Knowlton (1923) due to dubious location.
DioscoreaceaeDioscoreaD. lindgrenii Fossil Lake (Fossil Butte Member)2 specimenssweet potato fruits[191]
D. shermanii 1 specimen
JuncaceaeJuncusIndeterminateRejected?Scrappy material tentatively identified as rush leaves.
Discredited by Knowlton (1923) due to missing specimens
PoaceaeArundoA. reperta Lake UintaSeveral specimensA giant cane grass morphospecies.
The species validity of the fossils was questioned by Knowlton (1923)
The species was retained by Brown (1934).
PotamogetonaceaePotamogetonP. rubus Lake UnitaA pondweed morphotype.
TyphaceaeSparganiumS. antiquum Lake Gosiute
Lake Uinta
A bur-reed leaf morphospecies.
Moved from Brasenia? antiqua (1883)
includes Pontederites hesperia (1923)
S. eocenicum Lake Gosiute1 specimenA bur-reed leaf morphospecies.
TyphaT. lesquereuxi Lake UnitaA cattail morphospecies.
ZingiberaceaeMusophyllumM. complicatum Lake Gosiute5 specimensA zingiberaceous monocot leaf morphotaxon.

Monocot palynomorphs

GenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNoteswidth=170px Image
ArecipitesA. punctatus Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)1 specimenA Phoenix dactylifera-like palm palyonomorph.
A. rugosus 1 specimenA palm palyonomorph.
PeltandripitesP. davisii 1 specimenA tuckahoe-like arrow-arum palyonomorph.
PotamogetonP. hollickipites NumerousA Potamogeton palyonomorph.
SmilacipitesS. echinatus 2 specimenA Smilax-like palyonomorph.
S. herbaceoides 1 specimenA Smilax-like palyonomorph.
S. molloides 1 specimenA Smilax mollis-like palyonomorph.

Eudicots

Basal Eudicots

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
Berberidaceae"Mahonia"Lake Uinta1 SpecimenAn oregon grape leaf morphospecies.[193]
First described as Odostemon eocenica (1934)
MenispermaceaeMenispermitesM. limacioides A moon-seed leaf morphospecies.
StephaniaS. wilfiiLake Uinta (Wilkins Peak Member)NumerousA moon-seed fruit.[194]
NelumbonaceaeNelumboUndescribedLake GosiuteAn undescribed Lotus leaf species.
PlatanaceaeMacginitieaM. wyomingensis A sycamore relative species.
First named Aralia macrophylla
Renamed to Aralia wyomingensis (1919)
Moved from Platanus wyomingensis (1969)[195]
ProteaceaeLomatiaL.? microphylla Rejectedspecimens missingFirst identified as a guitarplant leaf morphospecies.
Rejected by Brown (1934) due to missing specimens & dubious locality.
Trochodendraceae?NordenskioldiaN. borealis RejectedA basal trochodendroid
Rejected by Manchester, Crane & Dilcher (1991)
considered Carpites cocculoides like.[196]

Superasterids

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
ApocynaceaeApocynospermumA. coloradensis Lake Unita1 specimenAn apocynaceous seed morphospecies.
AspidospermoxylonA. uniseriatum Lake GosiuteAn apocynaceous wood morphospecies.
AraliaceaeAllopanaxA. quinus Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)An Apialean leaf mophogenus.[197]
Moved from Araliophyllum quinus (1969).
AsteraceaeAchaenitesA. cichorioides Lake Uinta1 specimenAn asteraceous seed morphospecies.
CaryophyllaceaeAlsinitesA. revelatus Lake Unita1 specimenA caryophyllacous flower morphotaxon.
EricaceaeAndromedaA. delicatula 2 specimensA possible bog rosemary ericaceous morphospecies.
OleaceaeOsmanthusO. praemissa Lake UintaAn Osmanthus leaf morphospecies.
Moved from Olea praemissa (1885)
O. viridiflumensis Lake Uinta1 specimenAn Osmanthus leaf morphospecies.
Moved from Ocotea viridiflumensis (1952)
First described as Oreodaphne viridiflumensis (1923)
PolemoniaceaeGiliseniumG. hueberi Fossil Lake1 specimenA polemoniaceous herb species.[198]
SolanaceaeLycianthoidesL. calycina Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)3 specimensA nightshade family fruit[199]
StyracaceaeStyraxS. transversa Lake UnitaA snowbell leaf morphotype.
SymplocaceaeSymplocosS. exilis Lake UnitaA Symplocaceous leaf morphotype.
Incertae sedisOthniophytonO. elongatum Lake UnitaA superastrid plant of possible caryophyllalean affinity.
First described as Oreopanax elongatum (1969)[200]

Superrosids

FamilyGenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNotesImage
AltingiaceaeLiquidambarL. callarche Lake Unita2 specimensA sweetgum species.
AnacardiaceaeBarkleyaB. schinoloxa Lake Gosiute (Laney Member)
Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)
NumerousAn anacardiaceous samara.[201]
Moved from Anacardites schinoloxus (1929).
Includes Anacardites schinus
Possibly the fruits of "Rhus" nigricans.
EdenoxylonE. parviareolatum Lake Gosiute (Eden Valley)An anacardiaceous wood morphospecies.
RhusR. longepetiolata Lake GosiuteAn anacardiaceous leaf morphotype.
Moved from Ailanthus longepetiolatus (1934)
"R." nigricans Lake Gosiute (Laney Member)
Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)
NumerousAn anacardiaceous leaf morphotype.
Moved from Myrica nigricans (1929).
Possibly the leaves of Barkleya schinoloxa.
SchmaltziaS. vexans Lake GosiuteA sumac leaf morphospecies.
Moved from Rhus vexans (1885)
Considered nomen dubium by MacGinitie (1969)
SchinoxylonS. actinoporosum Lake Gosiute (Eden Valley)An anacardiaceous wood morphospecies.
ToxicodendronT. winchesteri Lake GosiuteA poison oak leaf morphospecies.
First described as Sapindus winchesteri (1923)
BurseraceaeBurseraB. inaequalateralis A bursera leaf morphotype.
First named as Alnites unaequalateralis (1876)
CannabaceaeCeltisC. mccoshii Lake Gosiute
Lake Unita
2 specimensA hackberry leaf morphospecies.
Includes Celtis debequensis (1928)
CapparaceaeForchhammerioxylonF. scleroticum Lake Gosiute (Eden Valley)A capparaceous wood morphospecies.
CelastraceaeCelastrusC. winchesteri Lake Unita1 specimenA staff vine leaf morphospecies.
Moved from Juglans winchesteri (1923)
Includes Juglans alkalina (1875 [1876])
CelastrophyllumC. emarginatumLake UnitaA staff vine relative leaf morphospecies.
MacGinitie (1969) considered the species nomen dubium.
CrassulaceaeSedum?S.? hesperium Lake Uinta1 specimenA possible stonecrop leaf morphospecies.
Considered nomen dubium by MacGinitie (1969)
EuphorbiaceaeHeveoxylonH. microporosum Lake Gosiute (Eden Valley)An euphorb wood morphospecies.
FabaceaeAmorphaA. utensis Lake Unita1 specimenA legume leaf morphospecies.
ArcoaA. lindgreni Fossil Lake3 specimensA caesalpinioid legume.[202]
CaesalpiniaC. flumen-viridensis Lake Gosiute2 specimensA Caesalpinia subg. Mezoneuron seed morphospecies.[203]
"C." pecorae Lake Unita2 specimensFirst named as a Caesalpinia leaf morphospecies.
Considered a Detarieae tribe species by Herendeen & Dilcher (1991).
CaesalpinitesC. falcatus A Caesalpinia-like leaf morphospecies.
CercisC. tenuinervis Lake Gosiute1 specimenA redbud leaf morphospecies.
Considered nomen dubium by MacGinitie (1969).
ErythrinaE. roanensis Lake UnitaA coral tree leaf morphospecies.
GymnocladusG. hesperia Lake UintaA coffeetree leaf morphospecies. Moved from Cassia hesperia (1929)
Includes Chrysobalanus lacustris (1929) & Banisteria bradleyi (1929)
LeguminositesL. alternans RejectedA legume leaf morphospecies.
Rejected due to missing specimens by Knowlton (1923) and Brown (1934)
L. lesquereuxiana Lake UnitaA legume leaf morphospecies.
L. regularis Lake UnitaA legume leaf morphospecies.
ParvileguminophyllumP. coloradensis Lake UintaA legume leaf morphospecies.
Moved from Mimosites coloradensis (1923).[204]

SwartziaS. wardelli Lake UintaA swartzieous leaf morphotype.
FagaceaeQuercusQ. castaneopsis Lake Gosiute
Lake Uinta
Several fragmentary specimensAn oak morphospecies.
Considered nomen dubium by MacGinitie (1969).
"Q. cuneatus" Lake UnitaAn oak leaf morphospecies.
Name a jr homonym of Quercus cuneata
Q. drymeja RejectedAn oak morphospecies.
First described from Europe,
Rejected from flora by MacGinitie (1969).
Q. petros Lake UnitaAn oak leaf morphospecies.
Q. utensis Lake UnitaAn oak morphospecies. Considered nomen dubium by MacGinitie (1969).
HamamelidaceaeDistyliumD. eocenica Lake Unita1 specimenA winter-hazel leaf morphotype.
Moved from Betula coloradea (1934)
First named Betula eocenica (1928 non Ettingshausen (1858)
Also includes Grewiopsis cissifolius (1929)
JuglandaceaeJuglansJ. crossii Lake Gosiute1 specimen?A walnut leaf morphospecies.
J. bilinica 1 specimenA walnut leaf morphospecies.
Moved from Hicoria juglandiformis (1898)
J. schimperi Lake UnitaA walnut leaf morphospecies.
Includes Juglans occidentalis (1883) & Ficus ungeri (1872)
PalaeocaryaCf.P. clarnensis Lake Gosiute?A Palaeocarya nut morphospecies similar to Palaeocarya clarnensis.[205]
P. uintaensis Lake UnitaA Palaeocarya nut morphospecies.
PlatycaryaP. castaneopsis Fossil Lake
Lake Uinta
A Platycarya species.
Moved from Quercus castaneopsis (1883)[206]
PterocaryaP. macginitii Lake GosiuteA wingnut seed morphospecies.[207]
P. roanensis Lake UnitaA wingnut leaf morphospecies.
MalvaceaeHibiscusH. roanensis Lake UnitaAn Hibiscus leaf morphospecies.
OchromaO. murata Lake Unita1 specimenA balsa tree leaf morphospecies.
SterculiaS. coloradensis Lake Unita1 specimenA sterculioid leaf morphospecies.
TriumfettaT. ovata A burbark leaf morphospecies.
Jr homonym of Triumfetta ovata
MeliaceaeCedrelaC. trainii Lake UnitaA meliaceous leaf morphospecies.
MoraceaeWelkoetoxylonW. multiseriatum Lake Gosiute (Tipton Shale Member)1 specimenA moraceous wood morphogenus.[208]
MyricaceaeMorella scalariformisM. scalariformis Lake Gosiute (Eden Valley)A myricaceous wood morphospecies.
First named as Myrica scalariformis (1954)
Moved from Myricoxylon scalariforme (1962)
MyricaM. salicina Rejectedsp missingIdentified as an European Myrica species
Rejected by Knowlton (1923) due to the specimens being missing.
MyrtaceaeSyzygioidesS. americana Lake UnitaCirca 26 specimensA myrtaceous species.
First described as Eucalyptus americana (1872)
Includes Ficus omballi (1929) & Eugenia americana (1969)[209]
RhamnaceaeBerchemiopsisB. paucidentata Lake UnitaA rhamnaceous leaf morphotype.
PteleaP. cassioides RejectedType specimen leaf from the Florissant Formation
Green River Fruits rejected by Call & Dilcher as not Ptelea.[210]
P. paliuruoides Lake UnitaA rhamnaceous seed morphospecies.
First describe as Carpolithus paliuroides (1934)
RainbowiaR. rhamnoides Lake UnitaA rhamnaceous seed morphospecies.
RosaceaePrunusP. stewarti Lake GosiuteA cherry leaf morphospecies.
First named Amygdalus gracilis (1883)
Moved from jr homonym Prunus gracilis (non Engelm. & Gray, 1845)
RosaR. hillae A rose leaf morphospecies.
RutaceaeAmyridoxylonA. ordinatum Lake Gosiute (Eden Valley)A citrus relative wood morphospecies.
FagaraF. biseriata Lake Gosiute (Eden Valley)A citrus relative wood morphospecies.
F. monophylloides Lake Gosiute (Eden Valley)A citrus relative wood morphospecies.
SalicaceaePopulusP. cinnamomoides Lake UintaNumerousAn Aspen/cottonwood relative.
First described as Ceanothus cinnamomoides (1872)
[211]
P. wilmattae Lake UintaNumerousAn Aspen/cottonwood relative.
P. tidwellii Lake UintaNumerousAn Aspen/cottonwood relative.
PseudosalixP. handleyi Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)A salicaceous species.[212]
Includes Potentilla? byrami (1925), Antholithes polemonioides (1929) & Antholithes sp.6 (1934)
SalixS. cockerelli Lake Unita4 SpecimensA willow leaf morphospecies.
S. longiacuminata Lake Gosiute1 specimenA willow leaf morphospecies.
Includes Banksia cockerelli (1929)
SapindaceaeAllophylusA. flexifolia Lake Gosiute
Lake Uinta
4 SpecimensAn Allophylus leaf morphospecies.
First named Euonymus flexifolia (1885)
AthyanaA. balli Lake UnitaA sapindaceous leaf morphotype.
Moved from Rhus balli (1934).
"Cardiospermum"Lake UnintaNumerousA possible ballon vine leaf morphospecies.
Moved from Lomatia coloradensis (1929)
KoelreuteriaK. allenii Fossil Lake (Fossil Butte Member)
Lake Unita (Parachute Creek Member)
A golden rain tree fruit morphospecies.
Includes Koelreuteria uiridifluminis seeds[213]
SapindusS. dentoni Lake UnitaA soapberry leaf morphotype.
Includes Salix media (1872) & Myrica torryi (1929)
S. obtusifolius Lake UnitaA soapberry leaf morphotype.
Includes Salix media (1872) & Myrica torryi (1929)
ThouiniaT. eocenica Lake UnitaA soap berry leaf morphospecies.
SimaroubaceaeAilanthusA. lesquereuxii A tree of heaven fruit morphospeciesupright|center|frameless
SurianaceaeSurianaS. inordinata Lake Gosiute (Eden Valley)A surianaceous wood morphospecies.
TetramelaceaeParvaspiculaP. lepidioides Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)NumerousA tetramelaceous fruit morphotype.[214]
The type species is Clethra (?) lepidioides Cockerell (1925)
Also includes Antholithes pendula (1929)
PunctaphyllumP. glandulosa Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)NumerousA tetramelaceous leaf morphotype.
The type species is Cucurbita glandulosa (1929)
Includes Aleurites glandulosa (1969) & Dendropanax latens (1974)
Also includes the Ficus mississippiensis of Brown (1928)
UlmaceaeCedrelospermumC. nervosum Lake UintaNumerousAn ulmaceous species.
First named as Planera nervosa (1883)
[215]
VitaceaeCissusC. parrottiaefolia Rejected3 specimensA grape relative leaf morphospecies.
Rejected from formation by Knowlton (1923) due to distinctly different matrix.

Eudicot palynomorphs

GenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNoteswidth=170px Image
AilanthipitesA. berryi Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)An Ailanthus glandulosa-like soapberry family palynomorph.
Alni-pollenitesA. speciipites NumerousAn alder-like palynomorph.
first described as Alnus speciipites (1933)[216]
BetulaB. claripites 3 specimensA Betula lenta-like birch palynomorph.
CaprifoliipitesC. viridi-fluminis 1 specimenA caprifoliaceous-like palynomorph.
CarpinusC. ancipites A Carpinus-like palynomorph.
CaryaC. juxtaporipites 1 specimenA hickory-like palynomorph.
First described as Hicoria juxtaporipites (1933)[217]
C. viridi-fluminipitis 1 specimenA Carya myristiciformis-like hickory palynomorph.
First described as Hicoria viridi-fluminipites (1933)[218]
EricipitesE. brevisulcatus 1 specimenA Calluna vulgaris-like heath family palynomorph.
E. longisulcatus 2 specimensA heath family-like palynomorph.
JuglanspollenitesJ. nigripites 1 specimenA walnut-like palynomorph.
First described as Juglans nigripites (1933)[219]
MomipitesM. corylipites 2 specimensAn Engelhardia-like palynomorph.
First described as Engelhardia corylipites (1933).[220]
M. coryloides NumerousA Celtis iguanaea-like hackberry palynomorph.
MyricipitesM. dubius 1 specimenA bayberry-like palynomorph.
MyriophyllumM. ambiguipites 1 specimenA Myriophyllum spicatum-like watermillfoil family palynomorph.
RhoipitesR. bradleyi 4 specimensA Rhus typhina-like cashew family palynomorph.
SalixS. discoloripites NumerousA Salix discolor and S. fragilis-like willow palynomorph.
TalisiipitesT. fischeri NumerousA Talisia depressa-like soapberry family palynomorph.
TiliaT. crassipites 1 specimenA Tilia americana-like linden palynomorph.
T. tetraforaminipites 3 specimensA Tilia americana-like linden palynomorph.
T. vescipites 1 specimensA Tilia americana-like linden palynomorph.
VitipitesV. dubius 1 specimenA Vitis vinifera-like grape family palynomorph.

Angiosperms of uncertain affiliation

GenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNoteswidth=170px Image
AchaenitesA. cichorioides A achene like structure of unidentified affiliation.
AntholithesA. dubia Lake Unita1 specimenAn 8-lobed/petaled flower of unidentified affiliation.
A. improbus 2 specimensA flowering structure of unidentified affiliation.
A. vitaciflora Lake Unita1 specimenA cluster of possible vitaceous flowers-fruits.
A. winchesteri Lake Unita1 specimenA flowering structure of unidentified affiliation.
First described as Sambucus? winchesteri (1923)
A. sp 1 Fossil Lake1 specimenA possibly cruciferous or orrograceous flower of unidentified affiliation.
A. sp 2 Lake Unita1 specimenA flower with many stamens of unidentified affiliation.
A. sp 3 Lake Unita1 specimenA malvaceous looking flower of unidentified affiliation.
A. sp 4 Lake Unita1 specimenA flower with a superior ovary surrounded by the five-toothed calyx.
A. sp 5 Lake Unita1 specimenA flower with tubular receptacle surmounted by a four-parted calyx.
A. sp 7 Fossil Lake1 specimenA large flower or a badly distorted leaf of a Nelumbo?
BonanzacarpumB. sprungerorum Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)NumerousA eudicot fruit of uncertain phylogenetic placement.[221]
Carpites C. inquirenda Lake Unita1 specimenA nutlet or fruit of unidentified affiliation.
C. newberryanus 3 specimensA nutlet of unidentified affiliation.
First described as Juglans occidentalis nuts (1898).
First spelled Carpites newberryana
C. viburni 1 specimenA seed or nutlet of unidentified affiliation.
Includes Carpolithes capsularis (1929)
CarpolithusC. alabaccus Lake Unita1 specimenA winged or membranous fruit of unidentified affiliation.
C. caryophylloides Lake UnitaA dry capsular fruit of unidentified affiliation.
C. cassioides Lake Unita2 specimens?A legume like pod of unidentified affiliation.
C. insectoides Lake Unita1 specimenA winged fruit of unidentified affiliation.
C. palrnites Lake Unita1 specimenA palm fruit or husk like fossil of unidentified affiliation.
C. prunoides Lake Unita1 specimenA flattened fruit of unidentified affiliation.
First named Carpolithus ellipticus
C. serratifolius Lake Unita1 specimenBranchlet with leaves and fruits of possible salicaceous affinity.
C. vitaceus Lake Unita1 specimenA possibly vitaceous seed of unidentified affiliation.
CaulinitesC. acanthus Lake Unita1 specimenA thorny stem of unidentified affiliation.
C. prehensus Lake Unita1 specimenA climbing plant tendril of unidentified affiliation.
ChaneyaC. tenuis Lake Gosiute
Lake Unita
A sapindalean flower of uncertain affiliations.
Includes Astronium truncatum (1953).[222]
DicotylophyllumD. lesquereuxii 1 specimenA leaf of uncertain affiliation.
First described as Acer indivisum
Moved from Acer lesquereuxii [223]
PalibiniaP. comptonifolia Lake Uinta (Parachute Creek Member)A pentapetalean eudicot of uncertain affiliation.[224]
Moved from Vauquelinia comptonifolia (1969)
Originally named Banksia comptonifolia (1934)
PhyllitesP. ericoides Lake Unita1 specimenA thick leaf of unidentified affiliation.
P. fremonti Rejected1 specimenA leaf of unidentified affiliation.
R.W. Brown (1934) rejected due to doubtful locality and lost specimen.
P. glandiferus Lake Unita1 specimenAn odd-pinnately compound leaf of possible fabaceous affinity.
P. juncoides Lake Unita1 specimenA leaf of unidentified affiliation.
P. ouratea Lake Unita1 specimenA possibly herbaceous leaf of unidentified affinity.
P. winchesteri Lake Unita1 specimenA leaf of unidentified affiliation.

Plants of uncertain affiliation

GenusSpeciesMemberAbundanceNoteswidth=170px Image
RhizocaulonR. dichotomum Lake Unita1 specimenA root of unidentified affiliation.
Has a distinct branched fork.
R. natans Lake Unita1 specimenA rootlet of unidentified affiliation.
small with Trapa natans-like rhizoids.

Notes and References

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  176. Web site: Inaperturopollenites concedipites . IFPNI . October 2, 2024 .
  177. Web site: Inaperturopollenites vacuipites . IFPNI . October 2, 2024 .
  178. Web site: Tsugaepollenites viridifluminipites. IFPNI . October 2, 2024 .
  179. Web site: Zonalapollenites viridifluminipites . IFPNI . October 2, 2024 .
  180. Web site: Gnetaceae-pollenites eocenipites . IFPNI . October 2, 2024 .
  181. Manchester . S.R. . O’Leary . E.L. . 2010 . Phylogenetic distribution and identification of fin-winged fruits . The Botanical Review . 76 . 1 . 1–82 . 10.1007/s12229-010-9041-0. 2010BotRv..76....1M .
  182. Kruse . H.O. . Some Eocene dicotyledonous woods from Eden Valley, Wyoming . Ohio Journal of Science . 54 . 4 . 243–268 .
  183. Read . R.W. . Hickey . L.J. . A revised classification of fossil palm and palm-like leaves . Taxon . 1972 . 21 . 1 . 129–137 . 10.2307/1219237. 1219237 .
  184. Tidwell . W.D. . Medlyn . D.A. . Thayn . G.F. . 1973 . Three new species of Palmoxylon from the Eocene Green River formation, Wyoming . The Great Basin Naturalist . 33 . 2 . 61–76.
  185. Allen . S.E. . 2015 . Fossil palm flowers from the Eocene of the Rocky Mountain region with affinities to Phoenix L. (Arecaceae: Coryphoideae) . International Journal of Plant Sciences . 176 . 6 . 586–596 . 10.1086/681605.
  186. Cockerell. T. D. A. . The supposed plumage of the Eocene bird Diatryma . 1923 . American Museum Novitates . 62 . 1–4 .
  187. Wetmore . A. . Alexander Wetmore. 1930 . The Supposed Plumage of the Eocene Diatryma . Auk. 47. 4. 579–580 . 10.2307/4075897. 4075897.
  188. Chaney . R.W. . 1944 . A fossil cactus from the Eocene of Utah . American Journal of Botany . 31 . 8 . 507–528 . 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1944.tb08065.x . 2437414.
  189. Brown . R.W. . 1959 . Some Paleobotanical Problematica . Journal of Paleontology . 33 . 1 . 120–124 . 1300816.
  190. Becker . H. F. . 1962 . Reassignment of Eopuntia to Cyperacites . Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club . 89 . 5 . 319–330. 10.2307/2482937 . 2482937 .
  191. Herrera . F. . Manchester . S. R. . 2024 . Earliest Dioscorea fruits (Dioscoreaceae) from North America . International Journal of Plant Sciences . 185 . 5 . 474–481 . 10.1086/729607 . 267284371 .
  192. Herendeen . P.S.. Les . D.H. . Dilcher . D.L. . 1990 . Fossil Ceratophyllum (Ceratophyllaceae) from the Tertiary of North America . American Journal of Botany . 77 . 1 . 7–16 . 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1990.tb13522.x.
  193. Arnold . C.A. . 1936 . Some fossil species of Mahonia from the Tertiary of Eastern and Southeastern Oregon . Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan . 5 . 4 . 63.
  194. Han . M. . Manchester . S. . Fu . Q.-Y.. Jin . J.-H. . Quan . C. . 2018 . Paleogene fossil fruits of Stephania (Menispermaceae) from North America and East Asia . Journal of Systematics and Evolution . 56 . 2 . 81–91 . 10.1111/jse.12288 . 90749898 .
  195. Manchester . S. R. . 1986 . Vegetative and reproductive morphology of an extinct plane tree (Platanaceae) from the Eocene of western North America . Botanical Gazette . 147 . 2. 200–226 . 10.1086/337587. 83715341 .
  196. Manchester . S. R. . Crane . P. R. . Dilcher . D. L. . 1991 . Nordenskioldia and Trochodendron fruits (Trochodendraceae) from the Miocene of northwestern North America. . Botanical Gazette . 152 . 357–368 . 10.1086/337898. 84230472 .
  197. Alexander B. Doweld . 2017 . Allopanax and Boreopanax, New Names of Fossil Araliales . Annales Botanici Fennici . 54 . 4–6 . 263–266 . 10.5735/085.054.0608 . 90295525 .
  198. Lott . T.A. . Manchester . S.R. . Dilcher . D.L. . 1998 . A unique and complete polemoniaceous plant from the middle Eocene of Utah, USA . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology . 104 . 1 . 39–49 . 10.1016/S0034-6667(98)00048-7 . 1998RPaPa.104...39L .
  199. Deanna . R. . Martínez . C. . Manchester . S. . Wilf . P. . Campos . A. . Knapp . S. . Chiarini . F. E. . Barboza . G. E. . Bernardello . G. . Sauquet . H. . Dean . E. . Orejuela . A. . Smith . S. D. . Fossil berries reveal global radiation of the nightshade family by the early Cenozoic . 2023 . New Phytologist . 238 . 6 . 2685–2697 . 10.1111/nph.18904 . 36960534 . 2023NewPh.238.2685D . 257715632 .
  200. Manchester . S. . Judd . W. . Correa-Narvaez . J. . 2024 . Vegetative and reproductive morphology of Othniophyton elongatum (MacGinitie) gen. et comb. nov., an extinct angiosperm of possible caryophyllalean affinity from the Eocene of Colorado and Utah, USA. . Annals of Botany . Accepted manuscript . 10.1093/aob/mcae196. 39520137 .
  201. Manchester . S. R. . Judd . W. S. . 2022 . Extinct Anacardiaceous Samaras and Sumac-Like Leaves from the Eocene of Western North America . International Journal of Plant Sciences . 183 . 5 . 357–366 . 10.1086/719948 . 247868997 .
  202. Herendeen . P.S. . Herrera . F. . 2019 . Eocene fossil legume leaves referable to the extant genus Arcoa (Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae) . International Journal of Plant Sciences . 180 . 3 . 220–231 . 10.1086/701468 . 92041312 .
  203. Herendeen . P. S. . Dilcher . D. L. . 1991 . Caesalpinia subgenus Mezoneuron (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) from the Tertiary of North America . American Journal of Botany . 78 . 1 . 1–12. 2445223 . 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1991.tb12566.x.
  204. Call . V.B. . Dilcher . D.L. . 1994 . Parvileguminophyllum coloradensis, a new combination for Mimosites coloradensis Knowlton, Green River Formation of Utah and Colorado . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology . 80 . 3–4 . 306. 10.1016/0034-6667(94)90007-8 . 1994RPaPa..80..305C .
  205. Manchester . S. . 1987 . Fossil History of the Juglandaceae . Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden . 21 . 1–137 .
  206. Wing . S. L. . Hickey . L. J. . The Platycarya perplex and the evolution of the Juglandaceae . American Journal of Botany . 1984 . 71 . 3 . 388–411 . 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1984.tb12525.x.
  207. Manchester . S.R. . Dilcher . D.L. . 1982 . Pterocaryoid fruits (Juglandaceae) in the Paleogene of North America and their evolutionary and biogeographic significance . American Journal of Botany . 69 . 2 . 275–286 . 10.2307/2443015. 2443015 .
  208. Nareerat Boonchai . Steven R. Manchester . Elisabeth A. Wheeler . 2015 . Welkoetoxylon multiseriatum: fossil moraceous wood from the Eocene Green River Formation, Wyoming, U.S.A. . IAWA Journal . 36 . 2 . 158–166 . 10.1163/22941932-00000093 .
  209. Manchester . S.R. . Dilcher . D.L. . Wing . S.L. . 1998 . Attached leaves and fruits of myrtaceous affinity from the Middle Eocene of Colorado . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology . 102 . 3–4 . 153–163 . 10.1016/S0034-6667(98)80002-X. 1998RPaPa.102..153M .
  210. Call . V.B. . Dilcher . D.L. . 1995 . Fossil Ptelea samaras (Rutaceae) in North America . American Journal of Botany . 82 . 8 . 1069–1073 . 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1995.tb11572.x.
  211. Manchester . S.R. . Judd . W.S. . Handley . B. . 2006 . Foliage and fruits of early poplars (Salicaceae: Populus) from the Eocene of Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming. . International Journal of Plant Sciences . 167 . 4 . 897–908 . 10.1086/503918.
  212. Boucher . L.D. . Manchester . S.R. . Judd . W.S. . 2003 . An extinct genus of Salicaceae based on twigs with attached flowers, fruits, and foliage from the Eocene Green River Formation of Utah and Colorado, USA . American Journal of Botany . 90 . 9 . 1389–1399 . 10.3732/ajb.90.9.1389. 21659238 .
  213. Wang . Q. . Manchester . S. R. . Gregor . H. J. . Shen . S. . Li . Z. Y. . 2013 . Fruits of Koelreuteria (Sapindaceae) from the Cenozoic throughout the northern hemisphere: their ecological, evolutionary, and biogeographic implications . American Journal of Botany . 100 . 2 . 422–449 . 10.3732/ajb.1200415. 23360930 .
  214. Correa Narvaez . J. E. . Allen . S. E. . Huegele . I. B. . Manchester . S. R. . 2023 . Fossil leaves and fruits of Tetramelaceae (Curcurbitales) from the Eocene of the Rocky Mountain region, USA, and their biogeographic significance . International Journal of Plant Sciences . 184 . 3 . 177–200 . 10.1086/724018 . 256185427 .
  215. Manchester . S.R. . 1989 . Attached reproductive and vegetative remains of the extinct American-European genus Cedrelospermum (Ulmaceae) from the Early Tertiary of Utah and Colorado . American Journal of Botany . 76 . 2 . 256–276 . 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1989.tb11309.x.
  216. Web site: Alni-pollenites speciipites . IFPNI . October 2, 2024 .
  217. Web site: Carya juxtaporipites . IFPNI . October 2, 2024 .
  218. Web site: Carya viridi-fluminipitis . IFPNI . October 2, 2024 .
  219. Web site: Juglanspollenites nigripites . IFPNI . October 2, 2024 .
  220. Web site: Momipites corylipites . IFPNI . October 2, 2024 .
  221. Steven Manchester . Terry A. Lott . 2019 . Bonanzacarpum sprungerorum sp. nov. – a bizarre fruit from the Eocene Green River Formation in Utah, USA . Fossil Imprint . 75 . 2 . 281–288 . 10.2478/if-2019-0016 . 209378482 .
  222. Wang . Y. . Manchester . S. R. . 2000 . Chaneya, a new genus of winged fruit from the Tertiary of North America and eastern Asia . International Journal of Plant Sciences . 161 . 1 . 167–178. 10.1086/314227 . 10648207 . 45052368 .
  223. Wolfe . J.A. . Tanai . T. . 1987 . Systematics, Phylogeny, and Distribution of Acer (maples) in the Cenozoic of Western North America . Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and Mineralogy . 22 . 1 . 1–246 .
  224. Manchester . S. R. . Judd . W. S. . Kodrul . T. . 2023 . First recognition of the extinct eudicot genus Palibinia in North America: Leaves and fruits of Palibinia comptonifolia (R.W.Br.) comb. nov. from the Eocene of Utah and Colorado, USA . Journal of Systematics and Evolution . 62 . 149–163 . 10.1111/jse.13011 . free .