PTPRG explained

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase gamma is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRG gene.^{[1] [2]}

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation.

This PTP possesses an extracellular region, a single transmembrane region, and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. The extracellular region of this PTP contains a carbonic anhydrase-like (CAH) domain, which is also found in the extracellular region of PTPRBETA/ZETA. This gene is located in a chromosomal region that is frequently deleted in renal cell carcinoma and lung carcinoma, thus is thought to be a candidate tumor suppressor gene.

Further reading

• Kaplan R, Morse B, Huebner K, etal . Cloning of three human tyrosine phosphatases reveals a multigene family of receptor-linked protein-tyrosine-phosphatases expressed in brain. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 87 . 18 . 7000–4 . 1990 . 2169617 . 10.1073/pnas.87.18.7000 . 54670 . 1990PNAS...87.7000K . free .
• Krueger NX, Streuli M, Saito H . Structural diversity and evolution of human receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases. . EMBO J. . 9 . 10 . 3241–52 . 1990 . 2170109 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07523.x. 552056 .
• Latif F, Tory K, Modi W, etal . A MspI polymorphism and linkage mapping of the human protein-tyrosine phosphatase G (PTPRG) gene. . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 2 . 1 . 91 . 1993 . 7683956 . 10.1093/hmg/2.1.91 .
• Barnea G, Silvennoinen O, Shaanan B, etal . Identification of a carbonic anhydrase-like domain in the extracellular region of RPTP gamma defines a new subfamily of receptor tyrosine phosphatases. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 13 . 3 . 1497–506 . 1993 . 8382771 . 10.1128/mcb.13.3.1497. 359461 .
• Kastury K, Ohta M, Lasota J, etal . Structure of the human receptor tyrosine phosphatase gamma gene (PTPRG) and relation to the familial RCC t(3;8) chromosome translocation. . Genomics . 32 . 2 . 225–35 . 1997 . 8833149 . 10.1006/geno.1996.0109 .
• van Niekerk CC, Poels LG . Reduced expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase gamma in lung and ovarian tumors. . Cancer Lett. . 137 . 1 . 61–73 . 1999 . 10376795 . 10.1016/S0304-3835(98)00344-9 .
• Kawachi H, Tamura H, Watakabe I, etal . Protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta/RPTPbeta interacts with PSD-95/SAP90 family. . Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. . 72 . 1 . 47–54 . 1999 . 10521598 . 10.1016/S0169-328X(99)00204-1 .
• Liu S, Kulp SK, Sugimoto Y, etal . Involvement of breast epithelial-stromal interactions in the regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase-gamma (PTPgamma) mRNA expression by estrogenically active agents. . Breast Cancer Res. Treat. . 71 . 1 . 21–35 . 2002 . 11859871 . 10.1023/A:1013343718942 . 6175175 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Liu S, Sugimoto Y, Kulp SK, etal . Estrogenic down-regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase gamma (PTP gamma) in human breast is associated with estrogen receptor alpha. . Anticancer Res. . 22 . 6C . 3917–23 . 2003 . 12553013 .
• Liu S, Sugimoto Y, Sorio C, etal . Function analysis of estrogenically regulated protein tyrosine phosphatase gamma (PTPgamma) in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. . Oncogene . 23 . 6 . 1256–62 . 2004 . 14676845 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1207235 . free .
• van Doorn R, Zoutman WH, Dijkman R, etal . Epigenetic profiling of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: promoter hypermethylation of multiple tumor suppressor genes including BCL7a, PTPRG, and p73. . J. Clin. Oncol. . 23 . 17 . 3886–96 . 2005 . 15897551 . 10.1200/JCO.2005.11.353 . free .
• Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, etal . Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry. . J. Proteome Res. . 4 . 6 . 2070–80 . 2006 . 16335952 . 10.1021/pr0502065 . 1850943 .

Notes and References

1. LaForgia S, Morse B, Levy J, Barnea G, Cannizzaro LA, Li F, Nowell PC, Boghosian-Sell L, Glick J, Weston A. Receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase gamma is a candidate tumor suppressor gene at human chromosome region 3p21 . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 88 . 11 . 5036–40 . Jul 1991 . 1711217 . 51802 . 10.1073/pnas.88.11.5036 . 1991PNAS...88.5036L . etal. free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: PTPRG protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, G.