PPAP2A explained

Lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase 1 also known as phosphatidic acid phosphatase 2a is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPAP2A gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

Lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase 1 is a member of the phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) family. PAPs convert phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol, and function in de novo synthesis of glycerolipids as well as in receptor-activated signal transduction mediated by phospholipase D. This protein is an integral membrane glycoprotein, and has been shown to be a surface enzyme that plays an active role in the hydrolysis and uptake of lipids from extracellular space. The expression of this gene is found to be regulated by androgen in a prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line. At least two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described.

Further reading

• Kanoh H, Kai M, Wada I . Molecular characterization of the type 2 phosphatidic acid phosphatase . Chem. Phys. Lipids . 98 . 1–2 . 119–126 . 1999 . 10358934 . 10.1016/S0009-3084(99)00024-9 .
• Nanjundan M, Possmayer F . Pulmonary phosphatidic acid phosphatase and lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase . Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. . 284 . 1 . L1–23 . 2003 . 12471011 . 10.1152/ajplung.00029.2002 .
• Ulrix W, Swinnen JV, Heyns W, Verhoeven G . Identification of the phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2a isozyme as an androgen-regulated gene in the human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line LNCaP . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 8 . 4660–4665 . 1998 . 9468526 . 10.1074/jbc.273.8.4660 . free .
• Leung DW, Tompkins CK, White T . Molecular cloning of two alternatively spliced forms of human phosphatidic acid phosphatase cDNAs that are differentially expressed in normal and tumor cells . DNA Cell Biol. . 17 . 4 . 377–385 . 1998 . 9570154 . 10.1089/dna.1998.17.377 .
• Hooks SB, Ragan SP, Lynch KR . Identification of a novel human phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2 isoform . FEBS Lett. . 427 . 2 . 188–192 . 1998 . 9607309 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00421-9 . 31610109 .
• Roberts R, Sciorra VA, Morris AJ . Human type 2 phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolases. Substrate specificity of the type 2a, 2b, and 2c enzymes and cell surface activity of the 2a isoform . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 34 . 22059–22067 . 1998 . 9705349 . 10.1074/jbc.273.34.22059 . free .
• Neumann J . Pharmacological characterization of protein phosphatase activities in preparations from failing human hearts . J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. . 289 . 1 . 188–93 . 1999 . 10087003 . vanc. Maas R . Bokník P . 3 . Jones . LR . Zimmermann . N . Scholz . H .
• Moreno CS . WD40 repeat proteins striatin and S/G(2) nuclear autoantigen are members of a novel family of calmodulin-binding proteins that associate with protein phosphatase 2A . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 8 . 5257–5263 . 2000 . 10681496 . 10.1074/jbc.275.8.5257 . vanc. Park S . Nelson K . 3 . Ashby . D . Hubalek . F . Lane . WS . Pallas . DC . 3505218. free .
• Roberts RZ, Morris AJ . Role of phosphatidic acid phosphatase 2a in uptake of extracellular lipid phosphate mediators . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1487 . 1 . 33–49 . 2001 . 10962286 . 10.1016/s1388-1981(00)00081-0.
• Woetmann A . Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulates interleukin-4-mediated STAT6 signaling . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 5 . 2787–2791 . 2003 . 12426308 . 10.1074/jbc.M210196200 . vanc. Brockdorff J . Lovato P . 3 . Nielsen . M. . Leick . V. . Rieneck . K. . Svejgaard . A. . Geisler . C. . Odum . N. . free .
• Pandey AV, Mellon SH, Miller WL . Protein phosphatase 2A and phosphoprotein SET regulate androgen production by P450c17 . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 5 . 2837–2844 . 2003 . 12444089 . 10.1074/jbc.M209527200 . free .
• Strausberg RL . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–16903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . vanc. Feingold EA . Grouse LH . 3 . Derge . JG . Klausner . RD . Collins . FS . Wagner . L . Shenmen . CM . Schuler . GD . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Smyth SS . Lipid phosphate phosphatases regulate lysophosphatidic acid production and signaling in platelets: studies using chemical inhibitors of lipid phosphate phosphatase activity . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 44 . 43214–43223 . 2003 . 12909631 . 10.1074/jbc.M306709200 . vanc. Sciorra VA . Sigal YJ . 3 . Pamuklar . Z . Wang . Z . Xu . Y . Prestwich . GD . Morris . AJ . free .
• Tanyi JL . Role of decreased levels of lipid phosphate phosphatase-1 in accumulation of lysophosphatidic acid in ovarian cancer . Clin. Cancer Res. . 9 . 10 Pt 1 . 3534–45 . 2004 . 14506139 . vanc. Hasegawa Y . Lapushin R . 3 . Morris . AJ . Wolf . JK . Berchuck . A . Lu . K . Smith . DI . Kalli . K .
• Gerhard DS . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–2127 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . vanc. Wagner L . Feingold EA . 3 . Shenmen . CM . Grouse . LH . Schuler . G . Klein . SL . Old . S . Rasooly . R .
• Grkovich A, Johnson CA, Buczynski MW, Dennis EA . Lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human U937 macrophages is phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase-1-dependent . J. Biol. Chem. . 281 . 44 . 32978–32987 . 2006 . 16950767 . 10.1074/jbc.M605935200 . free .
• Kai M . Lipid phosphate phosphatases 1 and 3 are localized in distinct lipid rafts . J. Biochem. . 140 . 5 . 677–686 . 2007 . 17005594 . 10.1093/jb/mvj195 . vanc. Sakane F . Jia YJ . 3 . Imai . S.-i. . Yasuda . S. . Kanoh . H. .

Notes and References

1. Kai M, Wada I, Imai S, Sakane F, Kanoh H . Cloning and characterization of two human isozymes of Mg2+-independent phosphatidic acid phosphatase . J Biol Chem . 272 . 39 . 24572–24578 . Oct 1997 . 9305923 . 10.1074/jbc.272.39.24572 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: PPAP2A phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2A.