PCK1 explained

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble), also known as PCK1, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the PCK1 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

This enzyme is a main control point for the regulation of gluconeogenesis. The cytosolic enzyme encoded by this gene, along with GTP, catalyzes the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate from oxaloacetate, with the release of carbon dioxide and GDP. The expression of this gene can be regulated by insulin, glucocorticoids, glucagon, cAMP, and diet. A mitochondrial isozyme of the encoded protein also has been characterized.^[1]

See also

• PEPCK

Further reading

• Beale EG, Hammer RE, Antoine B, Forest C . Disregulated glyceroneogenesis: PCK1 as a candidate diabetes and obesity gene. . Trends Endocrinol. Metab. . 15 . 3 . 129–35 . 2004 . 15046742 . 10.1016/j.tem.2004.02.006 . glyceroneogenesis . 9194909 .
• Pilz AJ, Willer E, Povey S, Abbott CM . The genes coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 (PCK1) and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4 subunit (CHRNA4) map to human chromosome 20, extending the known region of homology with mouse chromosome 2. . Ann. Hum. Genet. . 56 . Pt 4 . 289–93 . 1993 . 1492743 . 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1992.tb01155.x . 23586336 .
• Giralt M, Park EA, Gurney AL, etal . Identification of a thyroid hormone response element in the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene. Evidence for synergistic interaction between thyroid hormone and cAMP cis-regulatory elements. . J. Biol. Chem. . 266 . 32 . 21991–6 . 1991 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)54735-9 . 1657985 . free .
• Beale EG, Chrapkiewicz NB, Scoble HA, etal . Rat hepatic cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP). Structures of the protein, messenger RNA, and gene. . J. Biol. Chem. . 260 . 19 . 10748–60 . 1985 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)85145-1 . 2993287 . free .
• Ting CN, Burgess DL, Chamberlain JS, etal . Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP): characterization of the human PCK1 gene and localization distal to MODY on chromosome 20. . Genomics . 16 . 3 . 698–706 . 1993 . 8325643 . 10.1006/geno.1993.1250 . 2027.42/30779 . free .
• Yu H, Thun R, Chandrasekharappa S, etal . Human PCK1 encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is located on chromosome 20q13.2. . Genomics . 15 . 1 . 219–21 . 1993 . 8432541 . 10.1006/geno.1993.1040 . 2027.42/31063 . free .
• Stoffel M, Xiang KS, Espinosa R, etal . cDNA sequence and localization of polymorphic human cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene (PCK1) to chromosome 20, band q13.31: PCK1 is not tightly linked to maturity-onset diabetes of the young. . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 2 . 1 . 1–4 . 1993 . 8490617 . 10.1093/hmg/2.1.1 .
• O'Brien RM, Printz RL, Halmi N, etal . Structural and functional analysis of the human phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene promoter. . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1264 . 3 . 284–8 . 1996 . 8547315 . 10.1016/0167-4781(95)00194-8.
• Parissi V, Calmels C, De Soultrait VR, etal . Functional interactions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase with human and yeast HSP60. . J. Virol. . 75 . 23 . 11344–53 . 2001 . 11689615 . 10.1128/JVI.75.23.11344-11353.2001 . 114720 .
• Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, etal . The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. . Nature . 414 . 6866 . 865–71 . 2002 . 11780052 . 10.1038/414865a . 2001Natur.414..865D . free .
• Dunten P, Belunis C, Crowther R, etal . Crystal structure of human cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase reveals a new GTP-binding site. . J. Mol. Biol. . 316 . 2 . 257–64 . 2002 . 11851336 . 10.1006/jmbi.2001.5364 .
• Jurado LA, Song S, Roesler WJ, Park EA . Conserved amino acids within CCAAT enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP(alpha) and beta) regulate phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene expression. . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 31 . 27606–12 . 2002 . 11997389 . 10.1074/jbc.M201429200 . free .
• Wilson HL, McFie PJ, Roesler WJ . Different transcription factor binding arrays modulate the cAMP responsivity of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene promoter. . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 46 . 43895–902 . 2003 . 12237288 . 10.1074/jbc.M203169200 . free .
• Borgius LJ, Steffensen KR, Gustafsson JA, Treuter E . Glucocorticoid signaling is perturbed by the atypical orphan receptor and corepressor SHP. . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 51 . 49761–6 . 2003 . 12324453 . 10.1074/jbc.M205641200 . free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Chakravarty K, Wu SY, Chiang CM, etal . SREBP-1c and Sp1 interact to regulate transcription of the gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) in the liver. . J. Biol. Chem. . 279 . 15 . 15385–95 . 2004 . 14744869 . 10.1074/jbc.M309905200 . free .
• Cao H, van der Veer E, Ban MR, etal . Promoter polymorphism in PCK1 (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. . J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. . 89 . 2 . 898–903 . 2004 . 14764811 . 10.1210/jc.2003-031361 . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Hajarnis S, Schroeder JM, Curthoys NP . 3'-Untranslated region of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA contains multiple instability elements that bind AUF1. . J. Biol. Chem. . 280 . 31 . 28272–80 . 2005 . 15951444 . 10.1074/jbc.M501204200 . free .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: PCK1 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble).
2. Pilz AJ, Willer E, Povey S, Abbott CM . The genes coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 (PCK1) and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4 subunit (CHRNA4) map to human chromosome 20, extending the known region of homology with mouse chromosome 2 . Ann. Hum. Genet. . 56 . Pt 4 . 289–93 . October 1992 . 1492743 . 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1992.tb01155.x. 23586336 .