Opinion polling on a United Ireland explained

This page lists opinion polling for a United Ireland also known as a New Ireland.

In Northern Ireland

The Good Friday Agreement states that the Secretary of State should call a referendum "if at any time it appears likely to him that a majority of those voting would express a wish that Northern Ireland should cease to be part of the United Kingdom and form part of a united Ireland."[1]

DatePolling organisation/clientSample sizeYesNoUndecidedWill not
vote		LeadExcluding don't knowNotes
9–12 February 2024LucidTalk[2] 3,20739%11%1%
November 2023ARINS/ The Irish Times[3] [4] 1,01930%15%5%
26 October – 3 November 2023The Institute of Irish Studies/Social Market Research[5] 1,07431%9%N/A
17–30 June 2023The Institute of Irish Studies/Social Market Research[6] 1,01736.1%10%6.2%
14 January – 7 September 2023Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey[7] [8] [9] 1,20035%10%5%
5 September – 20 November 2022Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey[10] [11] 1,40535%10%4%
17 August 2022 – 15 October 2022ARINS/The Irish Times[12] [13] 1,00927%23%
August 2022LucidTalk[14] 3,38441%11%
11–26 March 2022University of Liverpool/The Irish News[15] 1,00030.0%
  • 18.7%
6%
15–18 November 2021Lord Ashcroft[16] 3,30141%8%
October–December 2021Life & Times[17] 1,39734%11%4%
October 2021University of Liverpool[18] 1,00229.8%9.1%2.5%
20–23 August 2021LucidTalk[19] 2,40342%9%0%
June 2021Life & Times[20] [21] 30%9%5%
May 2021Belfast Telegraph/Kantar[22] 35%21%
April 2021LucidTalk[23] 43%8%
February 2021Savanta ComRes/ITV News[24] 36%15%
January 2021Lucid Talk/The Sunday Times[25] 42.3%10.7%
Brexit transition period ends and UK leaves the European Union, 31 December 2020
February 2020LucidTalk[26] 45%8%
February 2020Liverpool University[27] 29%19%
September 2019Lord Ashcroft[28] 1,54245%9%
March 2019Irish Times/Ipsos Mori[29] 32%23%
June 2018Lord Ashcroft[30] 44%7%
June 2018NILT[31] [32] 22%10%12%
May 2018LucidTalk/YouGov/BBC[33] [34] [35] 42%12.7%0.2%
May 2018ICM21%18.9%9.7%
October 2017LucidTalk[36] [37] 34%9.8%1.1%
July 2017ESRC[38] 27%21%
August 2016Ipsos Mori[39] 22%13%2%
Brexit referendum, 23 June 2016
Scottish independence referendum, 18 September 2014
January 2013Spotlight[40] 17%5%12%
November 2003Millward Brown Ulster[41] 105826%13%
October-mid January 2002NI Life and Times Survey[42] 180027%10%6%
May 2001Millward Brown Ulster27%15%
June 1998Millward Brown Ulster25%12%
Belfast Good Friday Agreement is signed, 10 April 1998

In the future

DatePolling organisation/clientSampleYesNoUndecidedWill not
vote		LeadNon standard question
9–12 February 2024LucidTalk[43] 3,20744%––At some point in the future
17–30 June 2023The Institute of Irish Studies/Social Market Research–36%––In 15–20 years
August 2022LucidTalk3,38444%4%–If a referendum was held in 15–20 years time.
11–26 March 2022University of Liverpool/The Irish News1,00033.4%
  • 17.9%*
7.6%In 15–20 years*"Neither Agree/Disagree"|-|October 2015|RTÉ BBC NI Cross Border Survey : ROI + NI|1,407|30%||27%| –||"...in your lifetime?"|}

By religion, age and region

2024 poll

AnswerAge band
18–2425–3435–4445–5455–6465+
Yes (to a United Ireland)42%28%36%
No43%41%42%
Don't know9%14%13%4%8%13%
Lead

2022 poll

AnswerAge bandReligion
18–2425–3435–4445–5455–6465+No religionCatholicProtestant
Yes (to a United Ireland)36%34%33%26%36%8%
No24%37%14%
Don't know22%11%10%11%8%7%11%12%7%

2016 poll

In 2016 an Ipsos MORI poll asked "If there was a referendum on the border tomorrow would you:" and the answers for different regions of Northern Ireland were as follows,[45]

Belfast CityGreater BelfastDownArmaghTyrone/FermanaghLondonderryAntrim
Vote to stay in the United Kingdom
Vote for Northern Ireland to join the Republic of Ireland outside the United Kingdom17%10%27%41%28%28%17%
Don't know17%10%13%7%19%16%6%
Would not vote0%3%3%2%2%2%6%
The same poll recorded answers from people in different age groups as follows,[46]
Age band18–2425–3435–4445–5455–6465+
Vote to stay in the United Kingdom
Vote for Northern Ireland to join the Republic of Ireland outside the United Kingdom19%19%30%28%22%14%
Don't know12%15%18%13%13%7%
Answers from people of different religious backgrounds were as follows,
AnswerCommunity background
ProtestantCatholicNeither
Vote to stay in the United Kingdom37%
Vote for Northern Ireland to join the Republic of Ireland outside the United Kingdom5%15%
Don't know5%17%30%

2014 poll

An opinion poll of 1,089 people conducted by LucidTalk in 2014 around the time of the Scottish referendum posed several questions. On the question of whether or not there should be a border poll, 47% said "yes", 37% "no" and 16% "don't know".[47] On the question, "If a referendum on Irish Unity was called under the Good Friday Agreement would you vote: Yes for unity as soon as possible, Yes for unity in 20 years, or No for Northern Ireland to remain as it is", the results were as follows.[48]

AnswerAll personsReligionAge band
ProtestantCatholic18–2425–4445–6465+
Yes, for unity as soon as possible5.7%1.8%9.8%12.2%5.5%3.8%3.3%
Yes, for unity in 20 years24.0%9.6%27.8%26.6%23.0%19.7%
No for Northern Ireland to remain as it is20.7%
No opinion/would not vote26.3%30.8%30.1%23.4%29.9%27.6%23.0%

Brexit scenario polls

DatePolling organisation/clientSampleYesNoUndecidedWill not
vote		LeadNon standard question
October–November 2018LucidTalk[49] 1,33448%48%4%–EvenIf Northern Ireland left the EU on terms negotiated between the UK government and the EU
October–November 2018LucidTalk1,33442%3%–No deal scenario
October–November 2018LucidTalk1,33429%11%–If the UK remained an EU member state
September 2018OFOC/Deltapoll[50] 39%9%"Imagine now that the UK decided to LEAVE the EU..."
December 2017LucidTalk[51] [52] 45%6%0.7%In the context of a hard Brexit

In the Republic of Ireland

DatePolling organisation/clientSample sizeYesNoUndecidedWill not
vote		LeadNotes
November 2023ARINS/ The Irish Times>1,00016%13%5%
August & September 2022The Irish Times/Arins Project[53] 1,000 voters in Northern Ireland and the Republic16%13%5%
December 2021Irish Times/Ipsos MRBI[54] 1,200[55] 16%13%8%
November 2021Business Post/Red C[56] 1,00125%15%
March 2021RTÉ Claire Byrne Live/Amárach Research[57] 1,00019%28%"Is it time for a united Ireland?"
May 2019RTÉ/REDC[58] Randomly selected sample of 3,016 eligible voters outside 156 polling stations19%15%
January 2019RTÉ Claire Byrne Live/Amárach Research[59] 1,00021%25%"Are you in favour of a united Ireland"
March 2017RTÉ Claire Byrne Live/Amárach Research[60] 1,20029%22%
December 2016RTÉ Claire Byrne Live/Amárach Research[61] [62] 32%22%"Is it time to have a united Ireland"54% aged 25–34 said yes
October 2010Red C/Sunday Times[63] 1,00522%21%

Short to medium term

"In the short to medium term, do you think Northern Ireland should..." (October 2015)[64] Proportion
Remain part of the UK, with direct rule from Westminster9%
Remain part of the UK, with a devolved assembly and Executive in Northern Ireland (the current situation)35%
Unify with the rest of Ireland36%
Other1%
None of these2%
Don't know17%

Long term

DatePolling organisation/clientSample sizeYesNoUndecidedLeadNotes
February 2019RTÉ Claire Byrne Live/Amárach Research[65] 1,00018%19%"in their lifetime"
October 2015RTÉ BBC NI Cross Border Survey : ROI + NI[66] 1,40714%20%"in your lifetime?"

When asked about tax

"Would you be in favour or against a united Ireland if it meant ..." (October 2015)[67] You would have to pay less taxThere would be no change in the amount of tax you payYou would have to pay more tax
In favour of a united Ireland31%
Against a united Ireland8%14%
Don't know18%24%25%

In Great Britain

A 2019 poll by Ipsos Mori and King's College London asked people in Great Britain (England, Scotland, and Wales): "If there were to be a referendum in Northern Ireland on its future, would you personally prefer Northern Ireland to choose to stay in the UK or leave the UK and join the Republic of Ireland?" The responses revealed that 36% wanted Northern Ireland to stay in the UK, 19% wanted it to join the Republic, 36% had no preference, and 9% were undecided.[68] It further revealed that support for Northern Ireland remaining in the UK was highest among those who intended to vote Conservative (49%) compared to 35% for Labour voters and 31% for Liberal Democrat voters.

A 2023 state of the union poll asking if Ireland should unite showed that respondents from Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales and England all had net positive views on the unification. On a scale between −10 to definitely remain in the UK to +10 to definitely unite Ireland; the people of Scotland had a net score of +1.9, England at +0.9, Wales at +0.6, and those in Northern Ireland at +0.6 also.[69]

See also

References

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 22 May 2018 . Irish reunification . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20191010101855/https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainers/irish-reunification . 10 October 2019 . 27 July 2019 . The Institute for Government.
  2. News: 2024-02-18 . More people in NI would vote to stay part of UK if border poll was called . 2024-02-18 . en-GB . 0307-1235.
  3. News: Irish Times/ARINS poll: Support for United Ireland is strong, but debate on costs and compromises to come first . 2023-12-05 . The Irish Times . en.
  4. News: 2023-12-02 . NI voters would decisively reject Irish unity in border poll, new survey suggests . en-GB . BelfastTelegraph.co.uk . 2023-12-05 . 0307-1235.
  5. Web site: Restoring the Assembly? .
  6. Web site: Voting, Identity, Trust and Media .
  7. Web site: Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey: 2023 . 2024-05-15 . www.ark.ac.uk.
  8. Web site: Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey: 2023 . 2024-05-15 . www.ark.ac.uk.
  9. Web site: Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey 2023 Technical Notes .
  10. Web site: Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey: 2022 . 2023-06-10 . www.ark.ac.uk.
  11. Web site: Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey: 2022 . 2023-06-10 . www.ark.ac.uk.
  12. News: Northern Ireland rejects Irish unity by large margin, poll shows . 2022-12-17 . The Irish Times . en.
  13. News: North and South methodology: How we took the pulse of Ireland on unity . 2022-12-17 . The Irish Times . en.
  14. News: Majority in North back Irish unity within next 20 years . O'Brien . Stephen . en . 21 August 2022 . The Times . 21 August 2022 . 0140-0460 . subscription.
  15. Web site: The Institute of Irish Studies, University of Liverpool – The Irish News Opinion Poll April 2022 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230415020227/https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/media/livacuk/humanitiesampsocialsciences/documents/Institute,of,Irish,Studies,Irish,News,Poll,March,2022.pdf . 15 April 2023 . 28 May 2023.
  16. Web site: Ulster and the Union: the view from the North .
  17. Web site: Political Attitudes in Northern Ireland after Brexit and under the Protocol .
  18. Web site: The Ireland/Northern Ireland Protocol: Consensus or Conflict?. 2021-11-13.
  19. Web site: Northern Ireland (NI) Tracker Poll Results: August 2021 POLL QUESTIONS RESULTS – MAIN REPORT .
  20. Web site: NI Life and Times Survey – 2020 : REFUNIFY.
  21. Web site: Majority of Northern Irish voters want vote on staying in UK. TheGuardian.com. 29 August 2021.
  22. Web site: Centenary poll: 44% in Northern Ireland want referendum but would not accept higher taxes to fund reunification . 1 May 2021 . Belfast Telegraph . 1 May 2021 . 1 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210501124259/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/the-centenary/centenary-poll-44-in-northern-ireland-want-referendum-but-would-not-accept-higher-taxes-to-fund-reunification-40375678.html . live .
  23. News: NI would vote in stay in UK if border poll was held, according to survey. 2021-04-21. Belfasttelegraph. en. 21 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421081205/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/ni-would-vote-in-stay-in-uk-if-border-poll-was-held-according-to-survey-40337188.html. live.
  24. Web site: ITN – State of the Union – NI – Feb 2021 . 2023-10-24 . 2022-09-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220902112819/https://2sjjwunnql41ia7ki31qqub1-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Final_p011076_NI.pdf . dead .
  25. Web site: White . Bill . 2021-01-26 . LT NI SUNDAY TIMES January 2021 – NI-Wide Poll . 2023-10-25 . LucidTalk . en.
  26. Web site: Results of a future border poll on a knife edge. Ingoldsby. Sinéad. 24 February 2020. thedetail. 24 February 2020. 24 February 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200224181714/https://www.thedetail.tv/articles/a-majority-favour-a-border-poll-on-the-island-of-ireland-in-the-next-10-years. live.
  27. Web site: Poll shows Northern Ireland majority against united Ireland. 18 February 2020. Reuters. 18 February 2020. 18 February 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200218210809/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-nireland-poll/poll-shows-northern-ireland-majority-against-united-ireland-idUKKBN20C0WF. dead.
  28. Web site: Lord Ashcroft: My Northern Ireland polling. Six out of ten voters there accept the backstop. But only one in five Unionists do so. . Ashcroft . Michael . Lord Ashcroft Polls . 11 September 2019 . live . 11 September 2019 . 11 September 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190911112813/https://www.conservativehome.com/platform/2019/09/lord-ashcroft-my-northern-ireland-polling-six-out-of-ten-voters-accept-the-backstop-but-only-one-in-five-unionists-do-so.html .
  29. Web site: Irish Times poll: Northern Ireland voters do not want DUP-Tory Brexit . Leahy. Pat. www.ipsos.com . 7 March 2019 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190308100553/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/irish-times-poll-northern-ireland-voters-do-not-want-dup-tory-brexit-1.3818264 . 8 March 2019. 7 March 2019 .
  30. Web site: Brexit, the Border and the Union . Ashcroft . Michael . LordAshcroftPolls.com . 19 June 2018 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180619134502/https://lordashcroftpolls.com/2018/06/brexit-the-border-and-the-union/ . 19 June 2018 . 14 March 2019 .
  31. Web site: 2016 Survey: How would you vote in a referendum on whether Northern Ireland should leave the UK and unite with the Republic of Ireland? . Northern Ireland LIFE & TIMES . . 11 June 2018 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180713091509/https://www.ark.ac.uk/nilt/2017/Political_Attitudes/BORDPOLL.html . 13 July 2018 . 14 March 2019 .
  32. News: Devenport . Mark . Majority surveyed in favour of NI remaining in the UK . . 13 June 2018 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180613151912/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-44468686 . 13 June 2018 . 14 March 2019 .
  33. Web site: A BBC LT NI Tracker Poll on Identity and Nationality . LucidTalk . 8 June 2018 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190314232614/https://www.lucidtalk.co.uk/single-post/2018/06/29/A-BBC-LT-NI-Tracker-Poll-on-Identity-and-Nationality . 14 March 2019 . 14 March 2019 .
  34. Web site: LucidTalk Tracker Poll (Northern Ireland – NI) Results Report . LucidTalk . 6 June 2018 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190314232406/https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/024943_d536561565de48c7a893fb22fec0ce50.pdf . 14 March 2019 . 14 March 2019 . 133 .
  35. News: Stone . Jon . Brexit causes surge in support for united Ireland, poll finds . . 8 June 2018 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612170642/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-united-ireland-referendum-northern-border-uk-yougov-poll-a8389086.html . 12 June 2018 . 14 March 2019 . Over a quarter of people in the six counties say they have changed their mind since the Brexit vote and now support a united Ireland – bringing polling for a referendum to 45 per cent staying in the UK and 42 per cent leaving it, with 13 per cent undecided. .
  36. Web site: LT NI Tracker Poll (October 2017) – Results Report . LucidTalk . 2 November 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190314230301/https://www.lucidtalk.co.uk/single-post/2017/11/02/LT-NI-Tracker-Poll-October-2017---Results-Report . 14 March 2019 . 14 March 2019 .
  37. Web site: LucidTalk Tracker Poll (Northern Ireland) Results Report . LucidTalk . 1 November 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190314230332/https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/024943_a284eb0a48094ee2b8f9de9661b7b1a3.pdf . 14 March 2019 . 14 March 2019 .
  38. News: Tonge . Jon . Survey: Voters polarised on same-sex marriage, Brexit, an Irish Language Act in Northern Ireland . . 27 July 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170728085302/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/survey-voters-polarised-on-samesex-marriage-brexit-an-irish-language-act-in-northern-ireland-35974992.html . 28 July 2017 . 14 March 2019 . If Brexit led to a border poll, 52% would vote for Northern Ireland to remain part of the UK and 27% for a united Ireland. .
  39. Web site: PROJECT BORDER, page 8 . . 9 September 2016 . 29 June 2017 . 9 December 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181209124331/https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/migrations/en-uk/files/Assets/Docs/Polls/ipsos-mori-northern-ireland-border-poll-2016-tables.pdf . live .
  40. News: 2013-02-05 . Opinion poll indicates NI voters would reject Irish unity . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-09-01.
  41. Web site: 2007-02-08 . Millward Brown Ulster – Reports – Opinion Poll, May 2003 : Slides . 2023-10-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070208062831/http://www.ums-research.com/reports/2003/opinion_nov03/slides.html . 2007-02-08 .
  42. Web site: NI Life and Times Survey – 2002: REFUNIFY . 2023-10-24 . www.ark.ac.uk.
  43. Web site: 2024-02-19 . Majority in North under 45 would vote for united Ireland . 2024-02-19 . Independent.ie . en.
  44. News: Poll: NHS could be crucial in border poll with support for united Ireland and the Union running neck-and-neck . Belfasttelegraph . live . 26 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201029220553/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/poll-nhs-could-be-crucial-in-border-poll-with-support-for-united-ireland-and-the-union-running-neck-and-neck-39666639.html . 29 October 2020 . www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk.
  45. Web site: 9 September 2016 . PROJECT BORDER, page 8 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20181209124331/https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/migrations/en-uk/files/Assets/Docs/Polls/ipsos-mori-northern-ireland-border-poll-2016-tables.pdf . 9 December 2018 . 29 June 2017 . Ipsos Mori.
  46. Web site: 9 September 2016 . PROJECT BORDER, page 6 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20181209124331/https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/migrations/en-uk/files/Assets/Docs/Polls/ipsos-mori-northern-ireland-border-poll-2016-tables.pdf . 9 December 2018 . 29 June 2017 . Ipsos Mori.
  47. Web site: 29 September 2014 . Northern Ireland says 'yes' to a border poll... but a firm 'no' to a united Ireland . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150214152207/http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/northern-ireland/northern-ireland-says-yes-to-a-border-poll-but-a-firm-no-to-united-ireland-30622987.html . 14 February 2015 . 7 June 2017 . Belfast Telegraph.
  48. Web site: Full Results of 2014 Belfast Telegraph Poll .
  49. Web site: Northern Ireland (NI) Tracker Poll Results Report: Winter (December) 2018 .
  50. News: 3 September 2018 . Brexit 'could create a majority for a united Ireland' . . live . 14 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180903145530/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-45391529 . 3 September 2018 . It says 52% of those surveyed backed a united Ireland with 39% showing support for Northern Ireland staying in the UK..
  51. News: 8 December 2017 . GUE/NGL Sponsored – NI OPINION PANEL 'TRACKER' POLL . LucidTalk . live . 14 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190314180238/https://www.lucidtalk.co.uk/single-post/2017/12/08/GUENGL-Sponsored---NI-OPINION-PANEL-TRACKER-POLL . 14 March 2019.
  52. Web site: 8 December 2017 . LucidTalk Tracker Poll (Northern Ireland – NI) Results Report . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20181011124911/https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/024943_7629d17b71d540c195e5e009390dae33.pdf . 11 October 2018 . 14 March 2019 . LucidTalk . 35.
  53. News: Northern Ireland rejects Irish unity by large margin, poll shows . 2023-10-31 . The Irish Times . en.
  54. News: Leahy . Pat . 12 December 2021 . Large majority of voters favour a united Ireland, poll finds . The Irish Times . 12 December 2021.
  55. Web site: 2021-12-11 . Large majority of voters in Republic in favour of Irish unity – poll . 2023-10-31 . The Independent . en.
  56. Web site: Exclusive Red C poll: A united Ireland, but at what cost? . 2023-10-31 . Business Post . en-US.
  57. Web site: Archer . Bimpe . 2021-03-23 . Small majority of people in the Republic are in favour of a united Ireland – poll . 2023-10-31 . The Irish News . en.
  58. Web site: McMorrow . Connor . 25 May 2019 . Exit poll indicates strong support for Irish language . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190606055940/https://www.rte.ie/news/elections-2019/2019/0525/1051603-rte-tg4-exit-poll/ . 6 June 2019 . 11 August 2019 . www.rte.ie.
  59. Web site: 2019-01-29 . Infographic: Most Irish want united Ireland rather than hard border . 2023-10-31 . Statista Daily Data . en.
  60. Web site: Poll shows that 49% of Irish republic favor a united Ireland . 2023-10-31 . MercoPress . en.
  61. Web site: Byrne . Claire . 16 December 2016 . Sinn Féin's Santa List . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161220145303/http://www.rte.ie/news/analysis-and-comment/2016/1216/839321-sinn-feins-santa-list/ . 20 December 2016 . 1 May 2017 . RTÉ.ie.
  62. Web site: Hosford . Paul . 2016-12-17 . Nearly half of Irish people think it's time for a United Ireland . 2023-10-31 . TheJournal.ie . en.
  63. Web site: Smaller majority in republic supports united Ireland . . https://web.archive.org/web/20141009024139/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/ireland/News/Irish_News/article421672.ece . 2014-10-09 .
  64. Web site: 16 October 2015 . Behaviour & Attitudes Poll, page 402 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160109172227/http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/tv/nolanshow/RTE_BBC_NI_Cross_Border_Survey.pdf . 9 January 2016 . 12 November 2015 . BBC.
  65. Web site: Beresford . Jack . The majority of Irish people 'would like to see a united Ireland in their lifetime' . 2023-10-31 . The Irish Post.
  66. Web site: 16 October 2015 . Behaviour & Attitudes Poll, page 406 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160109172227/http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/tv/nolanshow/RTE_BBC_NI_Cross_Border_Survey.pdf . 9 January 2016 . 12 November 2015 . BBC.
  67. Web site: 16 October 2015 . Behaviour & Attitudes Poll, page 410 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160109172227/http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/tv/nolanshow/RTE_BBC_NI_Cross_Border_Survey.pdf . 9 January 2016 . 12 November 2015 . BBC.
  68. Web site: One in three Britons would mind if Northern Ireland voted to leave the UK, poll finds . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190403235522/https://www.ipsos.com/ipsos-mori/en-uk/one-three-britons-would-mind-if-northern-ireland-voted-leave-uk-poll-finds . 3 April 2019 . 2019-04-03 . Ipsos MORI . en-uk.
  69. News: England, Wales and Scotland all now in favour of Irish unification, research shows . 2024-04-08 . The Irish Times . en.

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