Official Cantonese translations of English names for British officials explained

The British Consulate General Hong Kong is the sole governmental agency currently tasked with offering professional formal English-to-Cantonese name translation services to British officials.[1] [2] No similar services are offered by UK diplomatic missions within the Greater China area. It is a long tradition for the UK government to provide such uniform translation for certain cabinet members and other officials.[3] [4] This practice has its origin in the distasteful translation of the name of the 16th Colonial Governor of Hong Kong,[5] and the UK government keeps this tradition alive. The translation process is very refined, and there is a set of principles that they observe to avoid taboo, undesirable, or embarrassing translations as well as making the translated names more relatable, approachable, and agreeable to local Hong Kongers.[6]

These translated names are widely adopted and used by Cantonese media outlets in Hong Kong and Macau as well as their foreign correspondents and bureaus, which spread these names to Cantonese-speaking expatriate communities including Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.

Background

It was not uncommon for British officials to be given translation of their names in history. Before getting a new translation, the name of the very first Hong Kong colonial governor, Henry Pottinger, was originally translated as {{linktext|煲|顛|茶 or Bōu Dīn Chàh in Cantonese[7] which phonetically rhymes with his family name Pottinger fairly well but literally means “to brew crazy tea” or implies “a nutter brews tea”.[8] Some of these degrading translations have survived into modern times. Both Lord William Napier and Sir Edward Belcher had their names translated into {{linktext|律|勞|卑 or Leuht Lòuh Bēi and {{linktext|卑|路|乍 or Bēi Louh Ja respectively. Both names have multiple demeaning literal meaning or rhyming elements to it, such as “to discipline the servant inferior” for {{linktext|律|勞|卑 (Leuht Lòuh Bēi) or “an inferior road for the cunning” for {{linktext|卑|路|乍 (Bēi Louh Ja).[9] Both names are still in use today.

The 16th Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Reginald Stubbs, was first given a particularly distasteful Cantonese translation for his name. {{linktext|史|塔|士 or Sí Taap Sí was the original Cantonese translation, literally meaning “history” for {{linktext|史 (sí), “a tower” for {{linktext|塔 (taap), and “a vassal” for {{linktext|士 (sí). However, the first and the third characters of 史 and 士 share the same archaic pronunciation of the character {{linktext|死 (sí), meaning “to die”, and more troublesomely, the same pronunciation of the character {{linktext|屎 (sí), meaning “shit”.[10] Also, Cantonese speakers sometimes call a toilet bowl {{linktext|屎塔 (sí taap), being homophones to the first two characters of his newly translated name.[5] Thus, Stubbs's first Cantonese name translation rendered a wide variety of somewhat unpalatable translations and interpretations, like “toilet bowl's shit”, “shit tower's death” etc.[11]

Stubbs, as a result, became the very first governor given a formal Cantonese name translation, {{linktext|司|徒|拔 or Sī Tòuh Baht. For native English speakers, {{linktext|司 (sī) may still sound very much the same as {{linktext|屎 (sí), but as the two different tone marks show, they are different. This difference in tones changes a lot in the meanings, given the fact that Cantonese is a tonal language. And at the same time, Stubbs believed having an authentically translated name would create an approachable image and help the colonial government build a closer relationship with ethnically Chinese Hong Kongers and indigenous villagers. A new governmental tradition of English-to-Cantonese name translation for British officials was thus born.

Translation service and methods

Prior to Hong Kong's sovereignty transfer in 1997, it was the joint effort of the Chinese Language Division of the colonial Chief Secretary's Office and the British Trade Commission in Hong Kong to come up with seemly name translations for British officials. It is now the responsibility of the Hong Kong British Consulate-General, and they usually supply the press with a list of translated names when there is a new cabinet.[12]

The early translation method mainly focused on phonetic or homophonic translation of an official's family name. As the system matured, the official's given names started having a role to play. The translation process has become very sophisticated in modern times. There is a considerable emphasis on localisation and domestication instead of phonetic imitation of the English pronunciation.[13] Furthermore, matters that are culturally only significant to local Hong Kongers, especially for the middle-to-upper class, but not so much to foreigners, like aesthetic values of different calligraphic styles of the characters on an East Asian seal or chop, divinatory feng-shui and suan-ming assessment of the character total stroke count, etc. are all part of the translation service.[14] The Consulate-General has revealed a summary of general guidelines that they now follow for the process:

Details!Remarks
GoalTake Cantonese as the target language, as most Hong Kongers speak Cantonese.
Make an official's translated name as indistinguishable from locals' names as possible so that ethnically Chinese Hong Kongers find it relatable.
Principle 1Take English pronunciation as the basis and then look for homophonic Cantonese characters.e.g.: {{linktext|文 or Màhn for the former Prime Minister Theresa May's family name.
Consider stressed syllables of the English name first.e.g.: {{linktext|翠|珊 or Cheui Sāan for the former Prime Minister Theresa May's first name.
Principle 2Use common Cantonese family names when possible.When the colonial government was trying to provide the former Governor Patten's wife Lavender with a Cantonese name, all the options were given divinatory suan-ming assessment of the character total stroke count. She ultimately settled on a common family name {{linktext|林 and given names {{linktext|穎|彤 or Làhm Wihng Tùhng in whole, meaning “a forest” for {{linktext|林, “intelligent” for {{linktext|穎, “scarlet” for {{linktext|彤, and in all denoting an outstanding, clever, and beautiful lady.
Make sure the translated given names are pleasant to the ear, divinatorily auspicious, and with decent meanings and metaphors.
Principle 3Match the order of the characters with the Cantonese family name corresponding to the English family name.The family name should come first.
Do the same for the given names.
Principle 4Aim to have a three-character name.
Ignore the official's English given names if that individual's English family name is enough to provide for a meaningful three-character Cantonese name.e.g.: The former Chancellor Philip Hammond's family name was enough to provide for {{linktext|夏|文|達 or Hah Màhn Daaht.
In addition to the above principles, names that sound similar to public figures in Hong Kong are generally avoided, e.g. the Consulate originally planned to name the incumbent Chancellor Rachel Reeves as {{linktext|李|慧|晴 (Lee Wai-ching). Since the name sounded similar to the Hong Kong Legislative Council member Lee Wai-king, she was finally named {{linktext|李|韻|晴 (Lee Wan-ching).[15]

Cantonese and Mandarin translated names

This practice of providing comprehensive official name translation services has never been extended to Mandarin or to other UK diplomatic missions out of Hong Kong in the Greater China region.[3] As such, places where Mandarin is their official language usually have different Mandarin-translated names for British officials. The Mandarin-translated names do not only differ from their Cantonese counterparts but also among Mandarin-speaking regions, e.g. between Mainland China and Taiwan.[16] Also, these name translations are not used by Chinese state-owned media in Hong Kong, e.g. Ta Kung Pao and Wen Wei Po. Instead, they use names following standards of Mainland state media.

For instance, Hong Kong media observe the Cantonese name translated by the Consulate-General and call former Prime Minister Theresa May {{linktext|文|翠|珊 or Màhn Cheui Sāan, meaning “refined” for {{linktext|文, “jade” for {{linktext|翠, and “coral” for {{linktext|珊. And she is known as {{linktext|梅|伊 or Méi Yī in Mandarin in Taiwan, meaning “a Chinese plum” for {{linktext|梅 and “that (a pronoun)” for {{linktext|伊.[16] However, the Chinese Xinhua News Agency, being the official standard setter of name translation in China and known to have declined to accept the US government's suggested name translation for former President Obama,[17] calls Theresa May {{linktext|特|雷|莎．{{linktext|梅 or Tè Léi Shā Méi, literally meaning “special” for {{linktext|特, “thunder” for {{linktext|雷, “sedge” for {{linktext|莎, and “a Chinese plum” for {{linktext|梅. This is a phonetic translation that preserves the English name structure.[16]

Reception and exceptions

T:{{linktext|唔|怕|生|壞|命，
{{linktext|最|怕|改|壞|名。
L:Don't worry about being born with a bad fate;
(instead) worry most about having a bad name.
Y:m̀h pa sāang waaih mehng，
jeui pa gói waaih méng。
J:m4 paa3 saang1 waai6 meng6，
zeoi3 paa3 goi2 waai6 meng2。

As in many cultures, Hong Kongers are generally very concerned with having good names for both infants and adults. A local Cantonese saying captures this concern very well: "{{linktext|唔怕生壞命，最怕改壞名”,[18] meaning “Don't worry about being born with a bad fate; (had better) most worry about having a wrong name", which shares some similarities with the more commonly known Latin phrase in the West, nomen est omen. It is, thus, not unusual to hear stories about adults in Hong Kong in their 30s or 40s changing their names after consulting with feng-shui and suan-ming practitioners in the hope of improving various aspects of their lives.[19] Hong Kong parents of newborns are just as concerned, if not more so.[18] Against this cultural backdrop, the Cantonese-translated names prepared by the Consulate-General are generally very well received and often praised by the Hong Kong public.[20] [21] [22] In fact, it is not just Hong Kongers who have high regard for these names. Some of them are so well translated that they have earned the admiration of some Mandarin-speaking commentators in Taiwan.[16]

On the other hand, although it is the usual practice that the Consulate-General provides a new cabinet with Cantonese-translated names,[21] individual officials may still turn down such suggestions and opt for Mandarin-translated names instead, and they occasionally do.[3] [12] When this happens, Hong Kong mainstream media usually adopt the Mandarin-translated names, but some members of the Hong Kong public may frown upon these names.[23] [24]

Former Prime Minister David Cameron provided one such example. When he entered 10 Downing Street for the first time as prime minister in 2010, the Consulate-General offered him {{linktext|甘|民|樂 or Gām Màhn Lohk as his Cantonese name, meaning "willingly" for {{linktext|甘, "people" for {{linktext|民, and "joy" for {{linktext|樂. This name as a whole was intended to signify that he had "the will to make the people happy", but he chose to forgo the offer. Instead, Cameron decided to stick to the Mandarin-translated name {{linktext|卡|梅|倫 as his official name, meaning "to get stuck" for {{linktext|卡, "a Chinese plum" for {{linktext|梅, and "ethics" for {{linktext|倫, which had already been in use by Chinese media and some Hong Kong media as well. It was later reported that he thought not taking up a new Cantonese name would save some hassle for the media in Hong Kong.[3]

However, quite a few of the Hong Kong public held negative views towards his Mandarin-translated name, especially when previous British officials, like Governor Patten, had adopted a new Cantonese-translated name despite having an existing Mandarin-translated name.[16] [20] Some in Hong Kong continued to find Cameron's Mandarin-translated name objectionable until his resignation in 2016.[24] He was even made fun of having probably been destined to have his premiership cut short because of "having a wrong name".[25]

Notable exceptions

Here are some British officials who have not taken up their Cantonese-translated names suggested by the Consulate-General:

Name! rowspan="2" width=120px
CharacterSuggested translationUltimate translationRemark
Traditional characterYale
romanisation
(Cantonese)		DefinitionOverall connotationSimplified
character		Hanyu Pinyin
(Mandarin)		width=90pxDefinitionOverall connotation
David CameronFamily Name{{linktext|甘GāmwillinglyA leader with the will to make the people happy.{{linktext|卡Kǎto get stuckMostly homophonic translation with limited overall connotations.
1st Given Name{{linktext|民Màhnpeople{{linktext|梅Méia Chinese plum
2nd Given Name{{linktext|樂Lohkjoy{{linktext|伦Lúnethics
Nick CleggFamily Name{{linktext|紀GéiepochThe two given name characters together happen to be homophones of “résumé” {{linktext|履|歷 or léih lihk, signifying a leader with years of management experience.{{linktext|克Kèto defeatMostly homophonic translation with little overall connotations.The character {{linktext|克 is the simplified character of {{linktext|剋 which means "to defeat" with an ominous connotation in feng-shui in certain situations.
1st Given Name{{linktext|理Léihto manage{{linktext|莱Láigoosefoot
2nd Given Name{{linktext|歷Lihkhistory{{linktext|格Géa square
Boris JohnsonFamily Name{{linktext|莊JōngsolemnA solemn leader for growth and development.{{linktext|约Yuēan agreementMostly homophonic translation with little overall connotations.It was reported that he neither accepted nor rejected the Consulate-General's suggestion.
1st Given Name{{linktext|漢Hon man{{linktext|翰Hànhigh-flying
2nd Given Name{{linktext|生Sāng to grow;
to develop		{{linktext|逊Xùnto abdicate
As a result of the non-adoption of a Cantonese name for Boris Johnson, his brother Jo Johnson was named by the Consulate-General as "約翰森",[26] with the brothers sharing the first two characters "約翰" (John) to suggest their relationship.
Ultimate Translation
Simplified CharacterHanyu Pinyin (Mandarin)DefinitionOverall Connotation
Jo JohnsonFamily Name Character{{linktext|约Yuēan agreementMostly homophonic translation with limited overall connotations.
1st Given Name Character{{linktext|翰Hànhigh-flying
2nd Given Name Character{{linktext|森Sēnforest

List of translated names

British politicians

EnglishCantoneseYear sinceNotes
Prime Ministers
BLAIR, Tony貝理雅PM, 1997
BROWN, Gordon白高敦PM, 2007[27]
MAY, Theresa文翠珊PM, 2016[28]
MAJOR, John馬卓安PM, 1990
STARMER, Keir施紀賢PM, 2024[29] [30]
SUNAK, Rishi辛偉誠PM, 2022[31]
THATCHER, Margaret (Mrs.)戴卓爾夫人PM, 1979 [32]
TRUSS, Liz卓慧思PM, 2022[33]
Cabinet Ministers
ADONIS, Andrew艾德思Cabinet, 2009[34] [35]
ALEXANDER, Douglas艾力生Cabinet, 2003[36] [37]
ALEXANDER, Danny艾德禮Cabinet, 2010[38]
ARGAR, Edward晏嘉華Cabinet, 2022
ARMSTRONG, Hilary艾希妮Cabinet, 2001[39] [40]
ASHTON, Catherine艾嘉蓮Cabinet, 2007[41] [42]
BADENOCH, Kemi栢丹娜Cabinet, 2022or 柏丹娜.[43] [44]
BALLS, Ed博雅文Cabinet, 2007[45] [46]
BARCLAY, Steve柏建熙Cabinet, 2018[47] [48]
BECKETT, Margaret貝嘉晴Cabinet, 1997[49]
BENN, Hilary彭浩禮Cabinet, 2003[50] [51]
BERRY, Jake包澤君Cabinet, 2019[52] [53]
BLEARS, Hazel貝海珊Cabinet, 2006[54] [55]
BLUNKETT, David白文傑Cabinet, 1997[56] [57]
BOTTOMLEY, Virginia包定禮夫人Cabinet, 1992[58]
BRADLEY, Karen龐碧琳Cabinet, 2016[59]
BRADSHAW, Ben白德生Cabinet, 2009[60] [61]
BRAVERMAN, Suella柏斐文Cabinet, 2020[62]
BROKENSHIRE, James博敬誠Cabinet, 2016[63] [64]
BROWN, Nick白禮勤Cabinet, 1997[65]
BROWNE, Des彭德Cabinet, 2005[66] [67]
BUCKLAND, Robert白樂彬Cabinet, 2019[68] [69]
BURNHAM, Andy貝安德Cabinet, 2007[70] [71]
BYRNE, Liam白理安Cabinet, 2008[72] [73]
CABLE, Vince祈維信Cabinet, 2010[74] or 祁維信.[75]
CAIRNS, Alun祈啟思Cabinet, 2016[76] [77]
CAMPBELL, Alan簡柏邦Cabinet, 2024
CHALK, Alexander卓傲山Cabinet, 2021previously 卓艾歷.
CHANNON, Paul程隆Cabinet, 1986[78]
CLARK, Greg祈國光Cabinet, 2015[79]
CLARKE, Charles祈卓禮Cabinet, 2001[80]
CLARKE, Kenneth祁淦禮Cabinet, 1987[81] [82]
CLARKE, Simon夏簡勤Cabinet, 2021[83] [84]
CLEVERLY, James祁湛明Cabinet, 2019[85] previously 祁維利.[86]
COCKFIELD, Arthur郭菲德Cabinet, 1982[87]
COFFEY, Thérèse高翠玲Cabinet, 2019[88]
COOK, Robin郭偉邦Cabinet, 1997[89]
COOPER, Yvette顧綺慧Cabinet, 2008[90] [91]
COUTINHO, Claire郭嘉兒Cabinet, 2023
COX, Geoffrey郝思賢Cabinet, 2018[92]
CRABB, Stephen郝智恆Cabinet, 2014[93] [94]
DARLING, Alistair戴理德Cabinet, 1997[95]
DAVEY, Ed戴宏Cabinet, 2012[96] [97]
DAVIES, David TC戴德瑋Cabinet, 2022
DAVIES, John戴偉時Cabinet, 1972[98]
DAVIS, David戴德偉Cabinet, 2016[99] [100]
DENHAM, John鄧俊安Cabinet, 2007[101] [102]
DODDS, Anneliese杜迪詩Cabinet, 2024previously 杜安妮.
DORRIES, Nadine杜慧詩Cabinet, 2021[103]
DONELAN, Michelle唐萃蘭Cabinet, 2020
DOWDEN, Oliver杜永敦Cabinet, 2019[104]
ELLIS, Michael艾文浩Cabinet, 2021
EUSTICE, George尤俊仕Cabinet, 2020[105]
EVANS, Natalie歐樂怡Cabinet, 2016[106] [107]
FALCONER, Charles范克林Cabinet, 2003[108]
FALLON, Michael房應麟Cabinet, 2014[109]
FOX, Liam霍理林Cabinet, 2010[110]
FRAZER, Lucy方惠珊Cabinet, 2023
FROST, David霍禮思Cabinet, 2021[111] [112]
GAUKE, David郭達瑋Cabinet, 2016[113]
GILLAN, Cheryl紀卓琳Cabinet, 2010[114] [115]
GLEN, John簡俊恆Cabinet, 2022
GOLDSMITH, Peter高仕文Cabinet, 2001
GOVE, Michael高文浩Cabinet, 2010[116]
GRAYLING, Chris紀嘉林Cabinet, 2012[117]
GREEN, Damian祈達文Cabinet, 2016
GREENING, Justine簡意寧Cabinet, 2011[118]
GRIEVE, Dominic葛偉富Cabinet, 2010
HAGUE, William夏偉林Cabinet, 2010[119]
HAIGH, Louise賀樂怡Cabinet, 2024
HAIN, Peter韓培德Cabinet, 2002[120] [121]
HAMMOND, Philip夏文達Cabinet, 2010[122]
HANCOCK, Matthew夏國賢Cabinet, 2015[123]
HANDS, Greg夏漢仕Cabinet, 2015[124]
HARMAN, Harriet夏雅雯Cabinet, 2007[125]
HARPER, Mark夏萬恒Cabinet, 2015[126] [127]
HART, Simon夏世民Cabinet, 2019[128]
HAVERS, Michael夏永善Cabinet, 1987[129]
HEALEY, John賀理安Cabinet, 2024
HEAPPEY, James許澤明Cabinet, 2022
HEATON-HARRIS, Chris夏禮思Cabinet, 2022[130] [131]
HERMER, Richard何爾文Cabinet, 2024
HESELTINE, Michael夏舜霆Cabinet, 1983[132] [133]
HEWITT, Patricia賀韻芝Cabinet, 2001[134]
HAILSHAM (Lord)許琛Cabinet, 1957[135]
HINDS, Damian夏軒仕Cabinet, 2018[136]
HOON, Geoffrey禤智輝Cabinet, 2007[137]
HOWARD, Michael夏偉明Cabinet, 1990[138]
HOWE, Geoffrey賀維Cabinet, 1979
HOWELL, David侯偉樂Cabinet, 1979[139]
HUGHES, Cledwyn郭偉賢Cabinet, 1968[140]
HUHNE, Chris禤傑思Cabinet, 2010[141] [142]
HUNT, Jeremy侯俊偉Cabinet, 2010[143]
HUTTON, John夏敦Cabinet, 2005[144] or 夏頓.[145]
HURD, Douglas韓達德Cabinet, 1984[146] [147]
IRVINE, Derry艾偉儀Cabinet, 1997
JACK, Alister張毅德Cabinet, 2019[148]
JAVID, Sajid賈偉德Cabinet, 2014[149]
JAYAWARDENA, Ranil蔣華達Cabinet, 2022
JENKIN, Patrick曾栢力Cabinet, 1972[150]
JENKINS, Roy曾競時Cabinet, 1965[151]
JENRICK, Robert鄭偉祺Cabinet, 2019[152]
JOHNSON, Alan莊翰生Cabinet, 2004[153]
JONES, Darren鍾德麟Cabinet, 2024
JONES, David鍾仕維Cabinet, 2012[154] [155]
JOSEPH, Keith鍾基富Cabinet, 1970 [156]
JOWELL, Tessa蔣黛思Cabinet, 2001[157]
KEEGAN, Gillian喬芝蘭Cabinet, 2022[158] [159]
KELLY, Ruth簡樂芙Cabinet, 2002[160] [161]
KENDALL, Liz簡麗詩Cabinet, 2024
KWARTENG, Kwasi關浩霆Cabinet, 2021[162] [163]
KYLE, Peter靳秉德Cabinet, 2024
LAMMY, David林德偉Cabinet, 2024
LAMONT, Norman賴諾民Cabinet, 1989[164]
LANG, Ian梁治國Cabinet, 1990[165]
LANSLEY, Andrew凌士禮Cabinet, 2010[166] [167]
LAWS, David羅德偉Cabinet, 2010
LAWSON, Nigel羅信Cabinet, 1981[168]
LEADSOM, Andrea利雅華Cabinet, 2016[169]
LEE, Frederick李輝德Cabinet, 1964[170]
LETWIN, Oliver利凱輝Cabinet, 2014[171]
LEWIS, Brandon盧柏敦Cabinet, 2018
LIDDELL, Helen利凱琳Cabinet, 2001
LIDINGTON, David李達德Cabinet, 2016[172] [173]
MAHMOOD, Shabana馬曼婷Cabinet, 2024
MALTHOUSE, Kit莫孝傑Cabinet, 2022[174]
MANDELSON, Peter文德森Cabinet, 1997[175] [176]
McCARTNEY, Ian麥家禮Cabinet, 2003[177] [178]
McFADDEN, Patrick麥法德Cabinet, 2024
McLOUGHLIN, Patrick麥樂賢Cabinet, 2010[179]
McVEY, Esther麥蔚宜Cabinet, 2018[180]
MERCER, Johnny麥忠義Cabinet, 2022
MILBURN, Alan苗易彬Cabinet, 1998[181]
MILIBAND, David文禮彬Cabinet, 2006[182]
MILIBAND, Edward文立彬Cabinet, 2007
MILLER, Maria麥瑪麗Cabinet, 2012[183] [184]
MILLING, Amanda繆敏婷Cabinet, 2020[185]
MITCHELL, Andrew麥俊高Cabinet, 2010[186] [187]
MORDAUNT, Penny莫佩琳Cabinet, 2017[188] [189]
MORGAN, Nicky莫麗琪Cabinet, 2014[190]
MORTON, Wendy莫韻婷Cabinet, 2022
MOWLAM, Mo毛美琳Cabinet, 1997[191] [192]
MUNDELL, David萬達偉Cabinet, 2015[193] [194]
MURPHY, Paul馬偉輝Cabinet, 1999[195] [196]
MURPHY, Jim麥偉俊Cabinet, 2008[197] [198]
MURRAY, Ian麥彥安Cabinet, 2024
NANDY, Lisa藍麗珊Cabinet, 2024[199]
NEWTON, Tony廖善同Cabinet, 1988[200]
NOKES, Caroline盧嘉蓮Cabinet, 2018[201] [202]
OSBORNE, George歐思邦Cabinet, 2010[203]
PARKINSON, Cecil白啟新Cabinet, 1981
PATEL, Priti彭黛玲Cabinet, 2016[204] [205]
PATERSON, Owen彭德森Cabinet, 2010[206] [207]
PATTEN, Chris彭定康Cabinet, 1989[208]
PERRY, Claire彭麗雅Cabinet, 2017[209] [210]
PHILIP, Chris范翹思Cabinet, 2022[211]
PHILLIPSON, Bridget方佩芝Cabinet, 2024
PICKLES, Eric白高志Cabinet, 2010[212]
POWELL, Enoch鮑威賢Cabinet, 1962[213] [214]
POWELL, Lucy布樂詩Cabinet, 2024
PRENTIS, Victoria彭雅婷Cabinet, 2022
PRESCOTT, John彭仕國Cabinet, 1997
PURNELL, James貝禮高Cabinet, 2007[215]
QUIN, Jeremy祁澤明Cabinet, 2022[216] [217]
RAAB, Dominic藍韜文Cabinet, 2018
RAYNER, Angela韋雅蘭Cabinet, 2024[218] [219]
REED, Steve李世勳Cabinet, 2024
REES, Peter李必達Cabinet, 1983[220]
REES-MOOG, Jacob李思銘Cabinet, 2019[221]
REEVES, Rachel李韻晴Cabinet, 2024
REID, John韋俊安Cabinet, 2003[222] [223]
RENTON, Tim李運登Cabinet, 1989[224]
REYNOLDS, Jonathan韋諾韜Cabinet, 2024
RIFKIND, Malcolm聶偉敬Cabinet, 1986[225] [226]
RIPPON, Geoffrey李甫安Cabinet, 1970[227]
ROBERTSON, George羅沛誠Cabinet, 1997[228] [229]
RUDD, Amber盧綺婷Cabinet, 2015[230]
St JOHN-STEVAS, Norman莊仕華Cabinet, 1979[231]
SCOTLAND, Patricia施佩雅Cabinet, 2007[232] [233]
SHACKLETON, Edward石高頓Cabinet, 1968[234]
SHAPPS, Grant夏博思Cabinet, 2019
SHARMA, Alok岑浩文Cabinet, 2019[235]
SHEPHERD, Malcolm石寶德Cabinet, 1974[236]
SHORE, Peter邵雅宜Cabinet, 1967[237]
SHORT, Clare商麗雅Cabinet, 1997[238] [239]
SMITH, Angela沈安琪Cabinet, 2024previously 施安琳.
SMITH, Chloe施皓兒Cabinet, 2022
SMITH, Chris冼敏治Cabinet, 1997[240] [241]
SMITH, Iain Duncan施志安Cabinet, 2010[242] [243]
SMITH, Jacqui沈妙思Cabinet, 2006 previously 施卓琪.
SMITH, John施明輝Cabinet, 1978[244]
SMITH, Julian施俊安Cabinet, 2017
SOAMES, Christopher蘇美斯Cabinet, 1958[245]
SPELMAN, Caroline施珮文Cabinet, 2010[246] [247]
SPENCER, Mark施炳森Cabinet, 2019[248]
STEVENS, Joanna施頌雅Cabinet, 2024
STEWART, Rory施達偉Cabinet, 2019
STOWELL, Tina司徒慧兒Cabinet, 2014[249] [250]
STRAW, Jack施仲宏Cabinet, 1997[251]
STRATHCLYDE (Lord)施瑞德勳爵Cabinet, 2010[252] [253]
STREETING, Wesley施卓添Cabinet, 2024
STRIDE, Mel施榮達Cabinet, 2019
STUART, Graham施敬恆Cabinet, 2022[254] [255]
TEBBIT, Norman譚百德Cabinet, 1981[256]
THORNEYCROFT, Peter方禮嘉Cabinet, 1951[257]
TIMMS, Stephen唐士勳Cabinet, 2006[258] [259]
TREVELYAN, Anne-Marie卓雅敏Cabinet, 2020[260]
TRUE, Nicholas杜立勤Cabinet, 2022
TUGENDHAT, Tom董勤達Cabinet, 2022[261]
VILLIERS, Theresa韋莉雅Cabinet, 2012[262]
WALLACE, Ben華禮仕Cabinet, 2019[263] [264]
WARSI, Sayeeda韋倩婷Cabinet, 2010[265] [266]
WHITELAW, William韋德羅Cabinet, 1979[267]
WHITTINGDALE, John韋廷毅Cabinet, 2015[268]
WILLIAMS, Gareth韋廉思Cabinet, 1999[269]
WILLIAMSON, Gavin韋廉信Cabinet, 2016
WRIGHT, Jeremy衛俊明Cabinet, 2014[270]
YOUNG, George楊佐義Cabinet, 1995[271] [272]
ZAHAWI, Nadhim查學禮Cabinet, 2021[273]
Speakers of the House of Commons
BERCOW, John柏爾勤Speaker, 2009[274] previously 白高漢.[275]
HOYLE, Lindsay賀立紳Speaker, 2019
First Ministers
DRAKEFORD, Mark翟景輝FM, 2018[276] [277] previously 查克佛.[278] [279]
紀偉敬FM, 2024
FOSTER, Arlene范愛玲FM, 2016[280]
O'NEILL, Michelle敖美雪FM, 2024
STURGEON, Nicola施雅晴FM, 2014[281]
SWINNEY, John施榮禮FM, 2024[282]
MP
ABBOTT, Diane艾德雅MP[283] [284]
AMESS, David顏敏時MP
ALEXANDER, Douglas艾禮遜MP
ALLIN-KHAN, Rosena艾露珊MP[285] [286]
BATTLE, John貝德禮MP[287]
BEBB, Guto貝嘉濤MP[288] [289]
BLACKFORD, Ian柏家輝MP[290] [291]
BROWNE, Jeremy白偉明MP[292]
CABORN, Richard簡邦安MP[293]
CORBYN, Jeremy郝爾彬MP[294]
DOUGHTY, Stephen杜敬霆MP
EAGLE, Angela葉安琪MP[295] [296]
EVANS, Nigel艾文思MP[297]
FATCHETT, Derek范卓德MP[298]
FIELD, Mark田銘祺MP[299]
GAPES, Mike祈沛思MP
GIBB, Nick祈禮勤MP[300]
JARVIS, Dan翟偉紳MP
KEETCH, Paul祈智忠MP
KHAN, Sadiq簡世德MP
LAING, Eleanor黎恩MP
LAWRENCE, Ivan羅禮善MP[301]
LONG-BAILEY, Rebecca呂碧嘉MP[302]
MacSHANE, Denis麥守謙MP[303]
MAUDE, Francis麥浩德MP[304] [305]
McDONNELL, John麥祖恩MP[306] [307]
McMAHON, Jim麥文翰MP
MILL, John Stuart苗莊雪MP
PEARSON, Ian裴毅生MP[308]
PENNYCOOK, Matthew彭立勤MP
RAMMELL, Bill韋明浩MP[309]
REEVES, Ellie李雅怡MP
SKINNER, Dennis施謙禮MP[310]
SMITH, Owen施安偉MP
SOURBY, Anna蘇碧玲MP[311] or 蘇愛琳.[312] [313]
SWINSON, Jo施詠淳MP[314]
SWIRE, Hugo施維爾MP[315]
THOMAS-SYMONDS, Nick佟世民MP
THORNBERRY, Emily方璧琳MP[316] [317]
WEST, Catherine衛倩婷MP
WILLETTS, David韋力生MP[318]
Lord
ANCRAM, Michael艾敬文Lord, MP[319]
ASHDOWN, Paddy艾思定Lord, MP[320]
BOSWELL, Tim布思域Lord
COLLINS, Ray郝偉文Lord
DAVIDSON, Ruth戴慧沁Lord, MSP[321]
MAIR, Robert馬賢雅Lord
TIMPSON, James田柏舜Lord
WARNER, Norman華樂民Lord, MP
WILLOUGHBYDE BROKE (Lord)韋朗布勳爵Lord[322]
VALLANCE, Patrick華磊思Lord

British judges

Cantonese names are assigned to British judges serving in Hong Kong judiciary as non-permanent judges in the Court of Final Appeal.

EnglishCantonese
CLARKE, Tony簡嘉麒
COLLINS, Lawrence郝廉思
COOKE, Robin顧安國
HALE, Brenda何熙怡
HODGE, Patrick賀知義
HOFFMANN, Lennie賀輔明
苗禮治
NEUBERGER, David廖柏嘉
李啟新
范理申
REED, Robert韋彥德
SCOTT, Richard施廣智
岑耀信
華學佳
WOOLF, Harry伍爾夫

British Consuls General to Hong Kong

EnglishCantoneseRemarks
BRADLEY, Stephen柏聖文[323]
貝恩德
CORNISH, Francis鄺富劭
DAVIDSON, Brian戴偉紳[324]
HEATH, Tamsin 何思婷
HEYN, Andrew 賀恩德
HODGE, James何進
SEATON, Andrew 奚安竹
吳若蘭

British Deputy Consuls General to Hong Kong

EnglishCantonese
BLYTHE, Esther彭雅慧
BROWN, Stuart鮑旭
DOREY, Greg
LINDSAY, Iain黎思安
LYNCH, Paul林博儒
RAYNER, Bob韋諾文
ROBINSON, Sarah Elizabeth樂秀慧
WOODWARD, Christopher Peter胡德偉

Governors of Hong Kong

(Note: Governors denoted with (*) had no official translated Cantonese names; Governors denoted with (#) referred to acting governors after Japanese occupation)

EnglishCantoneseRemarks
柏立基
卜力(*)
般咸(*) or 文咸
寶雲(*)
寶靈(*) or 包令
郝德傑
金文泰
爹核士 (*) or 戴維斯 or 德庇時
德輔(*)
詹遜(#)
葛量洪
夏慤(#)
軒尼詩(*)
堅尼地(*)
盧吉(*) or 盧嘉
麥當奴(*)
麥理浩
梅含理(*)
彌敦(*)
羅富國
彭定康
貝璐
砵甸乍(*) or 璞鼎查
ROBINSON, Hercules

later Lord Rosmead
羅士敏勳爵(*) or 樂善美勳爵; 勳爵 refers to Lord;
previously 羅便臣 before receiving peerage
羅便臣(*)
司徒拔
戴麟趾
衛奕信Previously 魏德巍. See the description in his entry for detailed explanation for his name change.
尤德
楊慕琦

Notes and References

  1. Web site: FCO Ref: 0661-08 Your Freedom Of Information Request . . 2008-09-03 . https://archive.today/20190615085238/https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:O0PonJq9sI8J:https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/1594/response/5273/attach/3/0661%252008%2520Dr%2520Kaihsu%2520Tai%25203%2520response.pdf%3Fcookie_passthrough%3D1+&cd=3&hl=en . 2019-06-15 . 2010-05-22 . 2 .
  2. Web site: 13 May 2020 . How to Make a Good Cantonese Name (The British Way) . https://web.archive.org/web/20210118112909/https://www.howtostudycantonese.com/how-to-make-a-good-cantonese-name-the-british-way/ . 18 January 2021 . 2021-03-17 . How to Study Cantonese . en.
  3. News: 曾鈺成 . 2018-08-02 . zh:港式譯名 . https://www.am730.com.hk/column/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E/%E6%B8%AF%E5%BC%8F%E8%AD%AF%E5%90%8D-135985 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210315054033/https://www.am730.com.hk/column/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E/%E6%B8%AF%E5%BC%8F%E8%AD%AF%E5%90%8D-135985 . 15 March 2021 . 2021-03-15 . am730 . zh.
  4. Web site: 朱錦華 . 2019-07-26 . zh:國際火線／依然戀你如昔 從文翠珊看香港的英國情結 . https://www.ettoday.net/news/20190726/1498681.htm . https://web.archive.org/web/20201123045741/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20190726/1498681.htm . 23 November 2020 . 2021-03-15 . zh-hant . zh:ETtoday新聞雲.
  5. Web site: zh:司徒拔道 . https://hkbus.fandom.com/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E5%BE%92%E6%8B%94%E9%81%93 . 2021-03-15 . zh-hant . zh:香港巴士大典.
  6. News: zh:【短片】【改名的藝術】英官員中文名點嚟？原來有4大原則 . zh-hk . https://hk.appledaily.com/local/20160715/XKV3LRYGBLDZO46PGSZQDU77OU/ . dead . 2021-03-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210618212717/https://hk.appledaily.com/local/20160715/XKV3LRYGBLDZO46PGSZQDU77OU/ . 18 June 2021 . zh:蘋果日報.
  7. Web site: 2017-11-12 . zh:煲顛茶 璞鼎查 砵甸乍 . https://life.mingpao.com/general/article?issue=20171112&nodeid=1510422911789 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210315054055/https://life.mingpao.com/general/article?issue=20171112&nodeid=1510422911789 . 15 March 2021 . 2021-03-15 . zh-hk . zh:明報教育網.
  8. News: 鄭明仁 . 2018-06-07 . zh:香港人母語學英文 . https://www.am730.com.hk/column/Lifestyle/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%AF%8D%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%B8%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87-129098 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210315054039/https://www.am730.com.hk/column/Lifestyle/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%AF%8D%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%B8%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87-129098 . 15 March 2021 . 2021-03-15 . am730 . zh-hk.
  9. Web site: 沈旭暉 . 25 September 2020 . zh:國際香港本傳英國 . https://www.facebook.com/shensimon/photos/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%9C%AC%E5%82%B3%E5%A0%85%E5%B0%BC%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%8E%E5%8D%91%E8%B7%AF%E4%B9%8D%E7%81%A3%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%91%E8%B7%AF%E4%B9%8D%E8%A1%97%E7%9A%84%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%E5%8D%91%E8%B7%AF%E4%B9%8Dedward-belcher%E5%85%B6%E8%AD%AF%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%A6%E7%9B%B8%E7%95%B6%E8%B2%A0%E9%9D%A2%E5%92%8C%E5%BE%8B%E5%8B%9E%E5%8D%91%E4%B8%80%E6%A8%A3%E8%AD%AF%E8%80%85%E5%88%BB%E6%84%8F%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%89%E5%8D%91%E5%BE%AE%E4%B9%8B%E6%84%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%91%E5%AD%97%E9%85%8D%E4%B8%8A%E5%AE%B9%E6%98%93%E4%BB%A4%E4%BA%BA%E8%81%AF%E6%83%B3/3648923498475107/ . https://web.archive.org/web/20210315054034/https://www.facebook.com/shensimon/photos/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%9C%AC%E5%82%B3%E5%A0%85%E5%B0%BC%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%8E%E5%8D%91%E8%B7%AF%E4%B9%8D%E7%81%A3%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%91%E8%B7%AF%E4%B9%8D%E8%A1%97%E7%9A%84%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%E5%8D%91%E8%B7%AF%E4%B9%8Dedward-belcher%E5%85%B6%E8%AD%AF%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%A6%E7%9B%B8%E7%95%B6%E8%B2%A0%E9%9D%A2%E5%92%8C%E5%BE%8B%E5%8B%9E%E5%8D%91%E4%B8%80%E6%A8%A3%E8%AD%AF%E8%80%85%E5%88%BB%E6%84%8F%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%89%E5%8D%91%E5%BE%AE%E4%B9%8B%E6%84%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%91%E5%AD%97%E9%85%8D%E4%B8%8A%E5%AE%B9%E6%98%93%E4%BB%A4%E4%BA%BA%E8%81%AF%E6%83%B3/3648923498475107/ . 15 March 2021 . 15 March 2021 . Facebook . zh.
  10. Web site: 蕭雪樺 . 2016-07-18 . zh:筆下留情: 英國高官的漢化譯名 . http://silverylines.blogspot.com/2016/07/blog-post_18.html . https://web.archive.org/web/20190905011122/http://silverylines.blogspot.com/2016/07/blog-post_18.html . 5 September 2019 . 2021-03-15 . zh . zh:筆下留情.
  11. 1312641926064009217 . simonshen_glos . 1919年，司徒拔（Reginald Stubbs）就任第16任香港總督，在當時起，香港政府便開始為英國官員制定港式譯名，試圖以親民形象拉近與華人之間距離，讓這佔社會大多數人口，卻不諳英語的華人社群有更大機會願意接受管治，同時亦希望有助紓緩新界原居民問題... ⏺全文見Patreon https://patreon.com/posts/41945712 . 4 October 2020 . 15 March 2021 . zh . https://web.archive.org/web/20201005103556/https://twitter.com/simonshen_glos/status/1312641926064009217 . 5 October 2020 . zh:香港化的港督譯名 . 沈旭暉 .
  12. Web site: zh:特稿﹕卡梅倫 克萊格 破例不改中文名 . https://life.mingpao.com/general/article?issue=20100514&nodeid=1507947495138 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210902062935/https://life.mingpao.com/general/article?issue=20100514&nodeid=1507947495138 . 2 September 2021 . 2021-03-15 . zh-hk . zh:明報教育網.
  13. . March 2022 . 流利翻譯原則. The Principle of Fluent Translation . Cantonese. 劉康論刊 Honcques Laus's Review. I . 1 . Honcques Laus's Press . London. 38–39. 2755-1636 .
  14. Web site: 李奕鳴 . 2018-10-22 . zh:彭定康夫人改名有段古 仲要以漢字筆劃測吉凶？ . https://www.hk01.com/政情/249445/彭定康夫人改名有段古-仲要以漢字筆劃測吉凶 . 2021-03-15 . zh-HK . zh:香港01.
  15. Web site: Have you ever thought about how the UK officials are named in Chinese? . Duff . Calvin . Facebook . British Consulate General Hong Kong . en.
  16. Web site: zh:趣談英國官員漢化譯名 . https://www.worldjournal.com/wj/story/121254/4749489 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210902062935/https://www.worldjournal.com/wj/story/121254/4749489 . 2 September 2021 . 2021-03-17 . zh-TW . zh:世界新聞網.
  17. Web site: zh:第十三屆香港杯外交知識競賽: 統一外國人名翻譯 . https://marketing.mingpao.com/htm/foreign_affairs/content.php?path=p3_a140.htm . https://web.archive.org/web/20210902062937/https://marketing.mingpao.com/htm/foreign_affairs/content.php?path=p3_a140.htm . 2 September 2021 . 2021-03-17 . marketing.mingpao.com . zh.
  18. Web site: 23 April 2020 . zh:【最怕改壞名】如果想子女有錢 千祈唔好叫Chris同Karen？ . https://wealth.hket.com/article/2625736 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210814221851/https://wealth.hket.com/article/2625736 . 14 August 2021 . 2021-03-18 . zh . zh:香港經濟日報.
  19. Web site: Kwok . Ling . 2 October 2020 . zh:阿嬌出道12年再改名 黃長興因健康一年轉兩次名 盤點7個入行後中途改名的藝人 . https://hk.ulifestyle.com.hk/topic/detail/205554/ . https://web.archive.org/web/20210118144826/https://hk.ulifestyle.com.hk/topic/detail/205554/ . 18 January 2021 . 2021-03-18 . zh:HK 港生活 . zh-hk.
  20. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knjiKZyPD1k . en . 2021-03-18 . zh:《文翠珊文詠珊?》港督中譯名似足香港人 彭定康本叫柏藤 魏德巍改衛奕信.
  21. News: 24 January 2018 . zh:英公佈新內閣官方中譯名 樂怡佩琳俊偉國賢好親切！ . zh-hk . https://hk.appledaily.com/local/20180124/V67K3ZEOITXNIKCMY25YUNIPO4/ . dead . 2021-03-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210310103922/https://hk.appledaily.com/local/20180124/V67K3ZEOITXNIKCMY25YUNIPO4/ . 10 March 2021 . zh:蘋果日報.
  22. Web site: 6 September 2017 . zh:點解英國人啲中文名咁好聽？ . LIHKG . 18 March 2021 . LIHKG . zh-hk .
  23. Web site: 12 May 2010 . zh:宜家新聞用甘民樂定卡梅倫做中文譯名？ . https://forum.hkgolden.com/thread/2302791/page/1 . zh-HK . zh:香港高登討論區.
  24. Web site: 陶傑 . 5 July 2016 . zh:梅叔和梅姨姨 - 陶傑 . https://hk.appledaily.com/columnist/20160705/3D6X2IZRPQZP7XL7JO4WVPXBH4/ . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20210621185559/https://hk.appledaily.com/columnist/20160705/3D6X2IZRPQZP7XL7JO4WVPXBH4/ . 21 June 2021 . 2021-03-18 . zh-hk . zh:蘋果日報.
  25. Web site: 15 July 2016 . zh:zh:西人漢名甚優雅 妙譯全賴有行家 . http://www.cantonese.asia/portal.php?mod=view&aid=828 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210307002859/http://www.cantonese.asia/portal.php?mod=view&aid=828 . 7 March 2021 . 2021-03-18 . zh . zh:粵語協會.
  26. Web site: 約翰遜弟弟指家國兩難全辭任國務大臣. 2021-11-02. Now 新聞. 6 September 2019 . zh-hk.
  27. Web site: 2001-06-26. 財政司司長與英國財政大臣會面. 2021-10-30. Info.gov.hk.
  28. Web site: 英財相夏文達：政府與工黨談判沒設下紅線. 2021-10-29. Now 新聞. 6 April 2019 . zh-hk.
  29. Web site: 2020-04-05 . 施紀賢當選工黨黨魁 . 2021-10-30 . Ming Pao . zh-hant.
  30. Web site: 成依華 . 2020-04-04 . 【英國政壇】施紀賢接替郝爾彬擔任在野工黨新黨魁 . 2021-10-30 . 香港01 . zh-HK.
  31. Web site: 英國傳媒稱約翰遜今日內宣布辭職 . 2022-10-27 . Now 新聞 . 7 July 2022 . zh-hk.
  32. News: 英女首相中文譯名. 1980-04-25. 每日新聞公告. 2024-07-01. 香港政府新聞處. ：「茲據民政署通知，英國女首相之中文名字爲「戴卓爾」 。本處今後發表新聞公報及其他新聞資料時均採用此中文譯名，並希傳播界合作採用，以資劃一。」
  33. Web site: 再有更多英國保守黨員要求卓慧思辭職下台 . 2022-10-27 . Now 新聞 . 20 October 2022 . zh-hk.
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