__FORCETOC__The net international investment position (NIIP) is the difference between the external financial assets and liabilities of a country.[1] External debt of a country includes government debt and private debt. External assets publicly and privately held by a country's legal residents are also taken into account when calculating NIIP.[2] Commodities and currencies tend to follow a cyclical pattern of significant valuation changes, which is also reflected in NIIP.
The International investment position (IIP) of a country is a financial statement of the value and composition of its external financial assets and liabilities. A positive NIIP value indicates that a nation is a creditor nation, while a negative value indicates that it is a debtor nation.
In 1980, the United States net international-creditor position was bigger than the total net creditor-positions of all the other countries in the world. Only six years later, in 1986, when the nation’s international investment position was at a year-end negative $107.4 billion, the U.S. became a net-debtor nation for the first time since 1914, when its nominal debt had reached $2 billion.[3] By 1990, the U.S. was the world's largest debtor[4] By end-2020, the country’s net international-investment position was a negative $14 trillion, an amount representing how much more the U.S. owed to the rest of the world than the rest of the world owed to the U.S.[5] At the end of 2022, it stood at a negative $16 trillion.[6]
| Date ! | GDP[8] (US $millions) | Date | data-sort type="number" | NIIP (% GDP) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021Q1 | -9,028 | 2021 | 17,138 | 2019 | ||
| 2020 | +7,658[9] [10] | 2020 | 2,890 | 2022 | [11] | |
| 2021Q1 | +128,627 | 2021 | 418,150 | 2019 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -10,124 | 2021 | 12,251 | 2019 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -664,900 | 2021 | 1,617,543 | 2021 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +58,662 | 2021 | 481,796 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -44,673 | 2021 | 352,908 | 2019 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -31,417 | 2021 | 60,725 | 2021 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +263,132 | 2021 | 578,996 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -2,585 | 2021 | 2,480 | 2021 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -460,181 | 2021 | 1,491,772 | 2019 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -17,228 | 2021 | 77,782 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -25,658 | 2021 | 27,239 | 2021 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +1,105,744 | 2021 | 1,883,487 | 2021 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -28,989 | 2021 | 307,938 | 2021 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +2,140,041 | 2021 | 16,642,318 | 2021 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -171,915 | 2021 | 295,610 | 2019 | ||
| 2018 | -19,779 | 2021 | 55,088 | 2018 | ||
| 2020 | -31,558 | 2021 | 65,217 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -35,545 | 2021 | 26,479 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -24,507 | 2021 | 276,109 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +278,307 | 2021 | 392,570 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -209,599 | 2021 | 394,284 | 2021 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -6,872 | 2021 | 35,187 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +24,303 | 2021 | 300,484 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -889,171 | 2021 | 2,938,271 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +3,055,922 | 2021 | 4,319,286 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -352,272 | 2021 | 209,857 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +2,163,155 | 2021 | 368,633 | 2021 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -74,450 | 2021 | 176,543 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +8,466 | 2021 | 24,155 | 2019(Q1) | [12] | |
| 2021 | -379,300 | 2021 | 3,049,704 | March 2020 | [13] | |
 Indonesia | 2021Q1 | -268,597 | 2021 | 1,158,783 | 2019 | |
| 2020Q3 | -705,962 | 2021 | 476,663 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +190,555 | 2021 | 446,708 | 2021 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +40,176 | 2021 | 2,106,287 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +3,375,849 | 2021 | 5,378,136 | 2021 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -74,204 | 2021 | 187,836 | 2019 | ||
| 2020 | +89,847 | 2021 | 126,930 | 2019 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -11,806 | 2021 | 37,720 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -7,821 | 2021 | 62,198 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +40,328 | 2021 | 84,077 | 2021Q2 | [14] | |
 Malaysia | 2021Q1 | +25,589 | 2021 | 387,093 | 2020 | |
| 2020Q3 | +9,100 | 2021 | 16,476 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -586,528 | 2021 | 1,192,480 | 2019 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -37,419 | 2021 | 14,233 | 2021 | ||
| 2018 | -9,044 | 2021 | 5,651 | 2018 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -59,996 | 2021 | 13,957 | 2021 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +959,049 | 2021 | 1,012,598 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -112,488 | 2021 | 243,332 | 2019 | ||
| 2020 | -14,456 | 2021 | 12,283 | 2019 | ||
| 2020 | -85,211 | 2021 | 514,049 | 2019 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +1,175,781 | 2021 | 444,519 | 2021 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -116,935 | 2021 | 262,799 | 2021 | ||
| 2020 | -64,857 | 2021 | 59,377 | 2020 | ||
| 2020Q2 | -86,078 | 2021 | 225,918 | 2018 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -15,322 | 2021 | 402,638 | 2020 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -254,623 | 2021 | 642,121 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -246,961 | 2021 | 257,391 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -121,438 | 2021 | 289,130 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +458,533 | 2021 | 1,710,734 | 2021 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +587,883 | 2021 | 804,921 | 2021 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -49,970 | 2021 | 60,435 | 2019 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +1,035,082 | 2021 | 374,934 | 2021 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -67,785 | 2021 | 117,664 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -4,876 | 2021 | 59,132 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +97,342 | 2021 | 329,529 | 2021 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +477,517 | 2021 | 1,806,707 | 2021 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -1,096,594 | 2021 | 1,461,552 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2018 | -85,180 | 2021 | 35,827 | 2018 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +116,427 | 2021 | 625,948 | 2023Q2 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +808,373 | 2021 | 824,734 | 2021 | ||
| 2020 | +1,371,420[15] | 2021 | 759,104 | 2020 | ||
| 2021Q1 | +36,251 | 2021 | 538,735 | 2019 | ||
| 2019 | -63,678 | 2021 | 44,265 | 2019 | ||
| 2021Q2 | -280,624 | 2021 | 794,530 | 2021 | ||
| 2019 | -18,640 | 2021 | 41,271 | 2019 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -21,613 | 2021 | 164,593 | 2021 | ||
| 2021Q1 | -802,202 | 2021 | 3,124,650 | 2021 | ||
| 2022Q4 | -16,112,100 | 2022 | 20,182,500 | 2022Q4[16] | ||
| 2021Q1 | +18,494 | 2021 | 61,203 | 2021 | ||
| 2020Q3 | -28,177 | 2021 | 18,955 | 2019 | ||