Munjong of Goryeo explained

Munjong (29 December 1019 – 2 September 1083), personal name Wang Hwi, was the 11th monarch of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea.

King Munjong was born in 1019 and reigned from 1046 until his death in 1083. During his reign, the central government of Goryeo gained complete authority and power over local lords.^[1] Munjong, and later kings, emphasized the importance of civilian leadership over the military. Munjong expanded Korea's borders northward to the Yalu and Tumen Rivers and built many forts to guard the northern border.^[1]

Munjong's fourth son, Uicheon (born 1055), became a Buddhist priest who founded the Cheontae as an independent school of Buddhism. During Munjong's reign, academic physician officers (hallimuigwan) first appeared in Goryeo, and Goryeo's medicinal exams were often used as a pathway by the commoners for societal advancement.^[2] Additionally, during Munjong's reign many Chinese medicine books entered Goryeo through the Song Dynasty of China.^[2]

Family

• Father: Hyeonjong of Goryeo
• Mother: Queen Wonhye
• Consorts and their Respective issue(s):

1. Queen Inpyeong of the Ansan Kim clan; half younger sister – No issue.
2. Queen Inye of the Gyeongwon Yi clan (d. 1092)
   1. Crown Prince Wang Hun
   2. Wang Un, Marquis Gukwon
   3. Wang Ong, Duke Gyerim
   4. Wang Hu
   5. Wang Su, Duke Sangan ^{[3] [4]}
   6. Wang Taeng
   7. Wang Bi, Marquess Geumgwan ^[5]
   8. Wang Eum, Marquess Byeonhan ^{[6] [7]}
   9. Wang Chim, Marquess Nakrang
   10. Wang Gyeong
   11. Princess Jeokgyeong
   12. Princess Boryeong
   13. Unborn daughter^[8]
   14. Unborn daughter
3. Worthy Consort Ingyeong of the Incheon Yi clan
   1. Wang Do, Duke Joseon
   2. Wang Su, Duke Buyeo
   3. Wang Yu, Duke Jinhan
4. Worthy Consort Injeol of the Gyeongwon Yi clan (d. 1082)
   1. Unnamed daughter, died early
   2. Unnamed daughter, died early
5. Virtuous Consort Inmok of the Gyeongju Kim clan (d. 1094)
   1. Unnamed daughter, died early

References

• Eckert, Lee, Lew, Robinson and Wagner, Korea Old and New: A History, Harvard University Press, 1990.

Notes and References

1. News: 박 . 기현 . ko:[성공한 군주들로부터 배우는 역사의 교훈 '제왕의 리더십'] (10) 고려 문종, 균형 잡힌 외교감각으로 통합의 리더십 보여주다 . https://www.baccro.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=37939 . 25 January 2024 . Baccro News . November 5, 2022.
2. Lee . Kyung Lock . History of the medical licensing examination (uieop) in Korea's Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392) . Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professionals . December 19, 2015 . 12 . 19 . 10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.19 . 26008917 . 4536363 .
3. Encyclopedia: Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. ko:상안공 (常安公). ko. http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0027192. 2024-07-08.
4. http://db.history.go.kr/KOREA/search/searchResult.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&limit=20&page=1&pre_page=1&codeIds=PERIOD-0-3&searchTermImages=%EC%83%81%EC%95%88%EA%B3%B5&searchKeywordType=BI&searchKeywordMethod=EQ&searchKeyword=%EC%83%81%EC%95%88%EA%B3%B5&searchKeywordConjunction=AND#searchDetail/kr/kr_090r_0010_0410/9/6/9/r Unknown
5. Web site: https://www.doopedia.co.kr/mo/doopedia/master/master.do?_method=view2&MAS_IDX=101013000732714. ko:금관후. Doopedia.
6. Encyclopedia: ko:변한후 (卞韓侯) . Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. ko. http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0022970 . 2024-07-08.
7. http://db.history.go.kr/KOREA/search/searchResult.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&start=-1&limit=20&page=1&pre_page=1&itemIds=&indexSearch=N&codeIds=PERIOD-0-3&synonym=off&chinessChar=on&searchTermImages=%EB%AC%B8%EC%A2%85+%EC%99%95%EC%9E%90+%EB%B3%80%ED%95%9C%ED%9B%84&searchKeywordType=BI&searchKeywordMethod=EQ&searchKeyword=%EB%AC%B8%EC%A2%85+%EC%99%95%EC%9E%90+%EB%B3%80%ED%95%9C%ED%9B%84&searchKeywordConjunction=AND#searchDetail/kr/kr_090r_0010_0440/3/2/3/r Unknown
8. Web site: http://db.history.go.kr/KOREA/search/searchResult.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&start=-1&limit=20&page=1&pre_page=1&itemIds=&indexSearch=N&codeIds=PERIOD-0-3&synonym=off&chinessChar=on&searchTermImages=%EB%AC%B8%EC%A2%85+%EC%86%8C%EC%83%9D+%EA%B3%B5%EC%A3%BC%C2%A0&searchKeywordType=BI&searchKeywordMethod=EQ&searchKeyword=%EB%AC%B8%EC%A2%85+%EC%86%8C%EC%83%9D+%EA%B3%B5%EC%A3%BC&searchKeywordConjunction=AND#searchDetail/kr/kr_091r_0020_0090_0010/2/1/2/r. ko:문종 소생 공주. Goryeosa. January 6, 2022. ko.