Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L28 explained

39S ribosomal protein L28, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPL28 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein, a part of which was originally isolated by its ability to recognize tyrosinase in an HLA-A24-restricted fashion.^[3]

Further reading

• Kawakami Y, Robbins PF, Wang RF, etal . The use of melanosomal proteins in the immunotherapy of melanoma. . J. Immunother. . 21 . 4 . 237–46 . 1998 . 9672845 . 10.1097/00002371-199807000-00001 .
• Martin J, Han C, Gordon LA, etal . The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16. . Nature . 432 . 7020 . 988–94 . 2005 . 15616553 . 10.1038/nature03187 . 2004Natur.432..988M . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, etal . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . free .
• Zhang Z, Gerstein M . Identification and characterization of over 100 mitochondrial ribosomal protein pseudogenes in the human genome . Genomics . 81 . 5 . 468–80 . 2003 . 12706105 . 10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00004-1 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Kenmochi N, Suzuki T, Uechi T, etal . The human mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes: mapping of 54 genes to the chromosomes and implications for human disorders . Genomics . 77 . 1–2 . 65–70 . 2001 . 11543634 . 10.1006/geno.2001.6622 .
• Daniels RJ, Peden JF, Lloyd C, etal . Sequence, structure and pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16 . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 10 . 4 . 339–52 . 2001 . 11157797 . 10.1093/hmg/10.4.339 . free .
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, etal . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 .
• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .

Notes and References

1. Robbins PF, el-Gamil M, Li YF, Topalian SL, Rivoltini L, Sakaguchi K, Appella E, Kawakami Y, Rosenberg SA . Cloning of a new gene encoding an antigen recognized by melanoma-specific HLA-A24-restricted tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes . J Immunol . 154 . 11 . 5944–50 . Jun 1995 . 10.4049/jimmunol.154.11.5944 . 7751637 .
2. Koc EC, Burkhart W, Blackburn K, Moyer MB, Schlatzer DM, Moseley A, Spremulli LL . The large subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Analysis of the complement of ribosomal proteins present . J Biol Chem . 276 . 47 . 43958–69 . Nov 2001 . 11551941 . 10.1074/jbc.M106510200 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: MRPL28 mitochondrial ribosomal protein L28.