Carcharhiniformes Explained

Carcharhiniformes, the Requiem sharks, are the largest order of sharks, with over 270 species. They include a number of common types, such as catsharks, swellsharks, and requiem sharks.

Members of this order are characterized by the presence of a nictitating membrane over the eye, two dorsal fins, an anal fin, and five gill slits.

The families in the order Carcharhiniformes are expected to be revised; recent DNA studies show that some of the conventional groups are not monophyletic.

The oldest members of the order appeared during the Middle-Late Jurassic, which have teeth and body forms that are morphologically similar to living catsharks.^[1] Carchariniformes first underwent major diversification during the Late Cretaceous, initially as mostly small-sized forms, before radiating into medium and large body sizes during the Cenozoic.^{[2] [3]}

Families

Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes classifies the Carcharhiniformes into two suborders and nine families:^[4]

• Suborder Scyliorhinoidei
  • Family Scyliorhinidae Gill, 1862 (catsharks)
• Suborder Carcharhinoidei
  • Family Atelomycteridae E. G. White, 1936 (coloured catsharks)
  • Family Pentanchidae Smith, 1912 (deepwater catsharks)
  • Family Dichichthyidae W. T. White, Stewart, Reuben O'Neill & Naylor, 2024 (bristle sharks)
  • Family Pseudotriakidae Gill, 1893 (false catsharks)
  • Family Proscylliidae Fowler, 1941 (finback catsharks)
  • Family Leptochariidae Gray, 1851 (barbeled houndsharks)
  • Family Triakidae Gray, 1851 (houndsharks)
    • Subfamily Triakinae Gray, 1851 (smouth-hounds)
    • Subfamily Galeorhininae Gill, 1862 (school sharks)
  • Family Hemigaleidae J.C.F. Hasse, 1878 (weasel sharks)
  • Family Carcharhinidae D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1896 (requiem sharks)
  • Family Galeocerdonidae Poey, 1875 (tiger sharks)
  • Family Sphyrnidae Bonaparte, 1840 (hammerhead sharks)

Fossil genera

The following fossil genera of Carcharhiniformes are also known:^[5]

• Genus †Altusmirus Fuchs, Engelbrecht, Lukeneder & Kriwet, 2017
• Genus †Corysodon Saint-Seine, 1949
• Genus †Platyrhizodon Guinot, Underwood, Cappetta & Ward, 2013
• Genus †Vectiscyllium Duffin & Batchelor, 2024
• Family Carcharhinidae
  • Genus †Abdounia Cappetta, 1980
  • Genus †Archaeogaleus Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet, 2014
  • Genus †Danogaleus Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997
  • Genus †Eogaleus Cappetta, 1975
  • Genus †Eorhincodon Li, 1997
  • Genus †Fornicatus Fuchs, Engelbrecht, Lukeneder & Kriwet, 2018
  • Genus †Kruckowlamna Laurito Mora, 1999
  • Genus †Misrichthys Case & Cappetta, 1990
  • Genus †Pseudabdounia Ebersole, Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019
• Family †Florenceodontidae Cappetta, Morrison & Adnet, 2019
  • Genus †Florenceodon Cappetta, Morrison & Adnet, 2019
• Family Hemigaleidae
  • Genus †Moerigaleus Underwood & Ward, 2011
• Family Galeocerdonidae
  • Genus †Physogaleus Cappetta, 1980
• Family †Pseudoscyliorhinidae Stumpf, Scheer & Kriwet, 2019
  • Genus †Diprosopovenator Stumpf, Scheer & Kriwet, 2019
  • Genus †Pseudoscyliorhinus Müller & Diedrich, 1991
• Family Pentanchidae
  • Genus †Pseudoapristurus Pollerspöck & Straube, 2017
• Family Proscyllidae
  • Genus †Praeproscyllium Underwood & Ward, 2004
• Family Scyliorhinidae
  • Genus †Bavariscyllium Thies, 2005
  • Genus †Cadiera Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet, 2014
  • Genus †Casieria Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997
  • Genus †Crassescyliorhinus Underwood & Ward, 2008
  • Genus †Cretascyliorhinus Underwood & Mitchell, 1999
  • Genus †Foumtizia Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997
  • Genus †Megascyliorhinus Cappetta & Ward, 1977
  • Genus †Microscyliorhinus Case, 1994
  • Genus †Orthodon Coquand, 1860
  • Genus †Pachyscyllium Reinecke, Moths, Grant & Breitkreuz, 2005
  • Genus †Palaeoscyllium Wagner, 1857
  • Genus †Platyrhizoscyllium Adnet, 2006
  • Genus †Porodermoides Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997
  • Genus †Premontreia Cappetta, 1992
  • Genus †Prohaploblepharus Underwood & Ward, 2008
  • Genus †Protoscyliorhinus Herman, 1977
  • Genus †Pteroscyllium Cappetta, 1980
  • Genus †Scyliorhinotheca Kiel, Peckmann & Simon, 2013
  • Genus †Sigmoscyllium Guinot, Underwood, Cappetta & Ward, 2013
  • Genus †Stenoscyllium Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997
  • Genus †Thiesus Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet, 2014
  • Genus †Tingaleus Cappetta, 1993
• Family Triakidae
  • Genus †Archaeotriakis Case, 1978
  • Genus †Gomphogaleus Adnet & Cappetta, 2008
  • Genus †Kallodentis Engelbrecht, Mörs, Reguero & Kriwet, 2017
  • Genus †Khouribgaleus Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997
  • Genus †Meridiogaleus Engelbrecht, Mörs, Reguero & Kriwet, 2017
  • Genus †Pachygaleus Cappetta, 1992
  • Genus †Palaeogaleus Gurr, 1962
  • Genus †Palaeotriakis Guinot, Underwood, Cappetta & Ward, 2013
  • Genus †Rhaibodus Böhm, 1926
  • Genus †Squatigaleus Cappetta, 1989
  • Genus †Xystrogaleus Adnet, 2006

Further reading

• Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2013) Fish Identification: Ground sharks in FishBase. March 2013 version.
• Sepkoski . Jack . A compendium of fossil marine animal genera . Bulletins of American Paleontology . 364 . 560 . 2002 . 2011-05-17 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120510170834/http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=575&rank=class . 2012-05-10 .

External links

• Order Carcharhiniformes

Notes and References

1. Stumpf . Sebastian . Scheer . Udo . Kriwet . Jürgen . 2019-03-04 . A new genus and species of extinct ground shark, †Diprosopovenator hilperti, gen. et sp. nov. (Carcharhiniformes, †Pseudoscyliorhinidae, fam. nov.), from the Upper Cretaceous of Germany . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 39 . 2 . e1593185 . 10.1080/02724634.2019.1593185 . 2019JVPal..39E3185S . 0272-4634 . free . 155785248.
2. Condamine . Fabien L. . Romieu . Jules . Guinot . Guillaume . 2019-10-08 . Climate cooling and clade competition likely drove the decline of lamniform sharks . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . en . 116 . 41 . 20584–20590 . 10.1073/pnas.1902693116 . 0027-8424 . 6789557 . 31548392 . 2019PNAS..11620584C . free .
3. Brée . Baptiste . Condamine . Fabien L. . Guinot . Guillaume . 2022-12-19 . Combining palaeontological and neontological data shows a delayed diversification burst of carcharhiniform sharks likely mediated by environmental change . Scientific Reports . en . 12 . 1 . 21906 . 10.1038/s41598-022-26010-7 . 2045-2322 . 9763247 . 36535995. 2022NatSR..1221906B .
4. Web site: Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification . 24 October 2024 . Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences.
5. Web site: Extinct - valid species Species Shark-References . 2024-03-06 . shark-references.com.