| Kawakawa | |
| Motto: | Train Town |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | New Zealand |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Northland Region |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Subdivision Name2: | Far North District |
| Subdivision Type3: | Ward |
| Subdivision Name3: | Bay of Islands-Whangaroa Ward |
| Subdivision Type4: | Community |
| Subdivision Name4: | Bay of Islands-Whangaroa |
| Subdivision Type5: | Subdivision |
| Subdivision Name5: | Kawakawa-Moerewa |
| Leader Title: | Territorial Authority |
| Leader Name: | Far North District Council |
| Leader Title1: | Regional council |
| Leader Name1: | Northland Regional Council |
| Leader Title2: | Mayor of Far North |
| Leader Title3: | Northland MP |
| Leader Title4: | Te Tai Tokerau MP |
| Seat Type: | Electorates |
| Coordinates: | -35.38°N 174.0689°W |
| Area Total Km2: | 1.73 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Postal Code Type: | Postcode(s) |
| Postal Code: | 0210 |
Kawakawa is a small town in the Bay of Islands area of the Northland Region of New Zealand. Kawakawa developed as a service town when coal was found there in the 1860s, but coal mining ceased in the early 20th century. The economy is now based on farming. The town is named after the kawakawa shrub.[1]
Kawakawa started developing as a town with the mining of coal, which was discovered there in March 1864.[2] [3] A horse-drawn tramway was opened in 1868 to carry coal from the mines to the Taumarere wharf. In 1871 two steam locomotives were acquired and the tramway was upgraded to railway standard. In 1884 a railway line from Kawakawa to Opua was opened, and this replaced the line to Taumarere wharf. The area was a location for the late 19th/early 20th century kauri gum digging trade.[4]
By 1899 there were about 1,000 residents in the town, which was built mainly on the hillside. In 1899 a fire destroyed all but a few of the buildings. The town was rebuilt on the flat, alongside the railway tracks. The present railway station was built in 1911.[5]
A railway line south to Whangārei was completed in 1911. Coal mining ceased at Kawakawa in the early 20th century.
The Bay of Islands County headquarters were in Kawakawa[3] until the county was disestablished in 1989.
Kawakawa has four marae affiliated with hapū of Ngāpuhi, all based approximately 5 km south of the township in Waiomio. Mohinui Marae and its Hohourongo meeting house are affiliated with Ngāti Hine and Ngāti Kahu o Torongare. Kawiti Marae and Te Tawai Riri Maihi Kawiti meeting house, Miria Marae and Te Rapunga meeting house and Te Kotahitanga and its meeting house of the same name are also connected to Ngāti Hine.[6] [7]
In October 2020, the Government committed $297,133 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade Mohinui Marae, creating 3 jobs. It also committed $168,084 to upgrade Miria Marae, creating 14 jobs.[8]
Kawakawa covers 1.73km2[9] and had an estimated population of as of with a population density of people per km2.
Kawakawa had a population of 1,482 in the 2023 New Zealand census, an increase of 18 people (1.2%) since the 2018 census, and an increase of 267 people (22.0%) since the 2013 census. There were 729 males, 750 females and 6 people of other genders in 465 dwellings.[10] 2.0% of people identified as LGBTIQ+. The median age was 34.2 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 363 people (24.5%) aged under 15 years, 276 (18.6%) aged 15 to 29, 660 (44.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 177 (11.9%) aged 65 or older.
People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 45.3% European (Pākehā), 71.1% Māori, 6.9% Pasifika, 5.7% Asian, and 1.2% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 96.2%, Māori language by 26.9%, Samoan by 0.8%, and other languages by 6.7%. No language could be spoken by 1.8% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.4%. The percentage of people born overseas was 10.7, compared with 28.8% nationally.
Religious affiliations were 32.2% Christian, 2.0% Hindu, 1.0% Islam, 5.7% Māori religious beliefs, 0.2% New Age, 0.2% Jewish, and 1.4% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 52.2%, and 5.9% of people did not answer the census question.
Of those at least 15 years old, 120 (10.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 663 (59.2%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 306 (27.3%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $33,000, compared with $41,500 nationally. 48 people (4.3%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 549 (49.1%) people were employed full-time, 132 (11.8%) were part-time, and 78 (7.0%) were unemployed.[11]
The town is known as "Train Town", because the Bay of Islands Vintage Railway runs down the middle of its main street on the former Opua Branch railway line. of the track reopened in 2008.[12] Pou Herenga Tai – Twin Coast Cycle Trail follows part of the railway.
The town is also famous for its Hundertwasser toilet block, designed by Austrian artist Friedensreich Hundertwasser, who was a resident of the town from 1975 until his death in 2000.[13]
The Kawiti glowworm caves at nearby Waiomio are also an attraction.
Kawakawa Primary School is a full primary (years 1–8) school with a roll of students.
Bay of Islands College is a secondary (years 9–13) school with a roll of students. It takes students from around the Bay of Islands and middle Northland, with 85% of its students travelling daily by bus to attend.[14]
Te Mirumiru Early Childhood Education Centre, adjacent to the Kawakawa Office, includes bilingual units teaching in Māori language.
Te Kohanga Reo o Kawakawa, a whanau driven, early childhood centre immersed in the maori language
Both schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of
Karetu School is located nearby, in Karetu.