| Mercedes-Benz M196 | |
| Manufacturer: | Daimler-Benz |
| Production: | 1954-1955 |
| Configuration: | Straight-eight |
| Valvetrain: | Desmodromic valvetrain, DOHC, two valves per cylinder[1] [2] |
| Operating Principle: | Four-stroke Otto |
| Fuelsystem: | Direct fuel injection |
| Oilsystem: | Dry sump |
The Mercedes-Benz M196 engine is a naturally-aspirated, straight-8, racing engine, designed, developed, and produced by Daimler-Benz; and used in both sports car racing and Formula One racing, between 1954 and 1955.[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Daimler-Benz made two versions of the engine, the M 196 R, displacing 2.5 litres, and the M 196 S, displacing 3.0 litres.
Mercedes pulled out of all motorsports after the 1955 Le Mans disaster. This was their last Formula One engine, and Mercedes did not return to motorsport as an engine manufacturer until, when they supplied engines to the Sauber Formula One team.[8]
The new 1954 Formula One rules allowed a choice of naturally aspirated engines – up to 2.5 litres or 0.75 litres supercharged. The expected target range for competitive engines was 250to.
By its introduction at the 1954 French GP the 2496cc (76.0×68.8 mm) desmodromic valves straight 8 M 196 R delivered 256PS. The M 196 was the only F1 engine with direct fuel injection, giving it a considerable advantage over the other carburetted engines.[9] [10] [11]
For the 1955 season, Daimler-Benz improved its M 196 R engine by reducing the intake manifold length,[12] increasing the engine power slightly to 265PS.
The latest iteration of the 2.5-litre unit eventually had a compression in the range of ε=12.0…12.5, produced up to at 8500/min, and delivered a maximum torque of at 6450/min, equivalent to a BMEP of .[13]
For the W 196 S race car, the M 196 engine was bored and stroked to 78 mm each (78.0 × 78.0 mm), and reduced in compression from ε=12 to about ε=9. The latter allowed using standardised petrol (98 RON) instead of high-octane race fuel required for the M 196 R. The M 196 S has a power output of 276PS at 7,000 rpm, and produces a maximum torque of 31.7kpm at 5,950 rpm. This is equivalent to a BMEP of 1.31MPa.
The M 196 S is canted to the right at a 53° angle. It has two four-cylinder banks made of silumin with chromium-coated aluminium cylinder sleeves. Unlike typical car engines, the M 196 S has a crankshaft consisting of two Hirth joint halves with centre torque take-off. The silumin cylinder heads are crossflow heads and cast together with the cylinder banks (i. e. block and head are a single cast piece). Daimler-Benz fitted the engine with a dry-sump lubrication system, water cooling, and a direct fuel injection system. The ignition system is a traditional magneto system.[14]