| Mariya Limanskaya | |
| Native Name: | Мария Филипповна Лиманская |
| Birth Date: | 12 April 1924 |
| Birth Place: | Staraya Poltavka, Volga German ASSR, Russian SFSR, USSR |
| Death Place: | Saratov Oblast, Russia |
| Branch: | Red Army |
| Rank: | Corporal |
| Serviceyears: | 1942–1945 |
| Awards: | Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd class Medal of Zhukov |
Mariya Filippovna Limanskaya (; 12 April 1924 – 26 November 2024) was a Soviet military traffic guard – a female member of Red Army traffic control units, serving for three years during World War II. She became known as one of the Russian women who directed traffic at the Brandenburg Gate in 1945 after the Battle of Berlin. She then became a symbol of the Allied victory over Germany.[1] [2]
Born in 1924 as Mariya Limanskaya, she joined the Red Army in 1942, at the height of World War II. She was 18. At that time the Soviet Stavka ("high command") increasingly lacked trained reserves to reinforce the entire 2000km (1,000miles) front, and as a result began to conscript underage boys and girls. Almost 800,000 women would eventually serve in the Red Army throughout the war. On several occasions she was nearly killed. At one point, she left a building a few seconds before it was leveled by a bomb attack. She also contracted malaria.[3] During the war, Limanskaya regulated the movement of troops across the Don under enemy fire, and participated in the Battle of Stalingrad and the liberation of Belarus and Poland.
After the Battle of Berlin ended in early May 1945, Limanskaya was assigned to direct traffic at the Brandenburg Gate during the Potsdam Conference in late July. While conducting her duties, she was photographed, filmed, and also interviewed by Yevgeny Khaldei, a journalist employed by TASS. Her picture was widely published in newspapers and magazines worldwide and she quickly became an iconic image of the victory over Germany. However, all of this is possibly confusion with Lydia Spivak, another regulator who was actually filmed and interviewed at the Brandenburg gate.[1] Limanskaya furthermore had a brief conversation with British prime minister Winston Churchill as his entourage was passing by the gate on their way to Potsdam. Limanskaya later said about her meeting Churchill, "[he] looked precisely the way I imagined him, puffing on a cigar".[4]
After the war, Limanskaya returned to civilian life and got married. The marriage did not last and she was forced to bring up two daughters by herself. Limanskaya later remarried, this time to a fellow veteran named Viktor with whom she remained for 23 years, until his death. She worked as a nurse, and then a school librarian in Volgograd. Since 1994, she lived with her daughter in the village of Zvonaryovka, in the Saratov region.
Limanskaya turned 100 on 12 April 2024,[5] and died on 26 November.[6]