Second premiership of Mahathir Mohamad explained

Term Start:10 May 2018
Term End:24 February 2020
Premier:Mahathir Mohamad
Premier Link:Prime Minister of Malaysia
Cabinet:Seventh Mahathir cabinet
Party:PH–Bersatu
Seat:Seri Perdana
Predecessor:Najib

Mahathir Mohamad's second term as the Prime Minister of Malaysia, which lasted from 2018 to 2020, was marked by several significant developments and events. Having previously led the country from 1981 to 2003, Mahathir came out of retirement in response to the 1MDB scandal. He led the opposition Pakatan Harapan coalition to victory in the 2018 general election, defeating Barisan Nasional and prime minister Najib Razak.

His government initiated reforms, addressed corruption, and aimed to strengthen the country's economy. One major focus was on the 1MDB scandal investigation. Mahathir also worked on improving relations with neighboring countries and embarked on numerous international trips. Additionally, his administration focused on addressing environmental issues and promoting sustainable development. He resigned in February 2020 amid a political crisis.

2018 general election

See main article: 2018 Malaysian general election. In the May 2018 general elections, Mahathir's coalition, Pakatan Harapan, achieved a historic victory by defeating the long-ruling Barisan Nasional coalition that had been in power for over 60 years.[1] [2] At the age of 92, Mahathir became the world's oldest serving Prime Minister.[3] [4] Voters, fueled by anger over the multi-billion dollar scandal at 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) and rising living costs, dumped Najib Razak and his long-ruling coalition in a general election.[5] Najib said that he accepted the will of the people.[6] [7] At 10 pm, Mahathir was officially sworn in as prime minister.[8]

During his first press conference on that historic night, Mahathir was asked whether any action would be taken against Najib Razak, the leader of BN. He replied, "We, Pakatan Harapan, are not seeking revenge. We simply want to restore the rule of law."[9] [10] He announced government plans to scrap the highly disputed goods and service tax introduced in 2015 and a recent "fake news" law.[11] On 15 May 2018, Mahathir said he may remain premier for up to two years and will play a role in the background even after he steps down.[12]

Cabinet

See main article: Seventh Mahathir cabinet. On 12 May 2018, Mahathir named former Penang Chief Minister Lim Guan Eng as Malaysia's new finance minister. He also named former deputy prime minister Muhyiddin Yassin as the home or interior minister and Mohamad Sabu, the President of the National Trust Party (AMANAH), as the defence minister.[13] [14] He has also appointed a 'council of elders' comprising former finance minister Daim Zainuddin, former Bank Negara governor Zeti Akhtar Aziz, former Petronas president Hassan Marican, tycoon Robert Kuok, and economist Jomo Kwame Sundaram who will serve as advisors to the government.[15]

On 18 May 2018, Mahathir has unveiled a 14- member Cabinet following approval by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong Sultan Muhammad V.[16]

On 23 May 2018, Mahathir chaired the first cabinet meeting in Perdana Putra.[17] Mahathir said all Cabinet ministers would be taking a 10 per cent pay cut from their basic salary with immediate effect.[18] [19]

On 2 July 2018, thirteen ministers and twenty-three deputy ministers were sworn in before the Yang Di-Pertuan Agong, Sultan Muhammad V.[20] On 10 January 2020, the Prime Minister's Department said the cabinet decided that Mahathir will serve as the acting education minister.[21]

1MDB scandal

See main article: 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal and Najib Razak controversies. Mahathir moved swiftly against his predecessor, Najib Razak, just days after his shocking election victory. He banned Najib from leaving the country[22] [23] and planned to reopen an investigation into the 1MDB scandal that Najib had helped set up.[24] After than, police cordon off home of Najib.[25]

On 21 May 2018, Mahathir has agreed to form a special investigation team to thoroughly probe into the 1MDB case.[26]

On 19 June 2018, Mahathir said embezzlement and bribery involving government funds are among the charges that Malaysia is considering bringing against Najib.[27] He also say his government had a near perfect case against predecessor Najib over the alleged theft of state money.[28] On 3 July, Najib has been arrested in Kuala Lumpur.[29] He charged with multiple counts of corruption, money laundering, and abuse of power related to the 1MDB scandal.[30]

On 13 November 2018, Mahathir told CNBC than Goldman Sachs Group Inc “cheated” Malaysia over its dealings with 1MDB.[31] [32] [33] He said that US prosecutors have promised to help return money that Goldman Sachs charged for its dealings with 1MDB.[34]

On 9 April 2019, Mahathir and Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong jointly praised their countries’ collaboration in investigating the 1MDB scandal. The two leaders acknowledged the cooperation that was also extended to the United States and Switzerland.[35]

On 3 May 2019, Mahathir expressed confidence that US and Singaporean authorities will proceed to return more than RM930 million allegedly misappropriated from 1MDB.[36] [37]

Review of Mega Projects

Mahathir's government reviewed and canceled or delayed several mega infrastructure projects that were initiated by the previous administration. This included the cancellation of the Kuala Lumpur-Singapore High-Speed Rail project and the postponement of the East Coast Rail Link project.[38]

Capital punishment

See main article: Capital punishment in Malaysia. On 11 October 2018, Mahathir cabinet announced plans to abolish the death penalty and halt pending executions, a move that has been hailed by international human rights groups and foreign diplomats.[39] [40] [41] [42] The pending abolishment, however, has triggered a storm of controversy.[43] Multiple groups and people have come out against the abolition of the death penalty, including non-governmental Malay dominance organization, Perkasa.[44]

On 13 March 2019, the government has reversed its earlier plan to repeal the death penalty. Mohamed Hanipa Maidin, a deputy minister in the Prime Minister’s Department, saying now intends to abolish mandatory capital punishment but will allow courts to decide whether a person convicted of a serious crime will be executed.[45] [46] [47] [48]

On 18 February 2020, Mahathir said the mandatory death penalty for drug trafficking might be amended to life sentence. He mentioned that the government would review drug-related laws, as certain groups argued that the penalties for offenders were excessively severe.[49] [50]

Shared Prosperity Vision 2030

See main article: Shared Prosperity Vision 2030. On 14 September 2019, Mahathir chaired a special cabinet meeting on the Shared Prosperity Vision.[51] [52]

Mahathir officiated the new Shared Prosperity Vision 2030 in Kuala Lumpur October 5, 2019.[53] He said SPV2030 can put Malaysia as a new Asian Tiger and provide a decent standard of living for all Malaysians by 2030.[54] Mahathir also said Malaysia need to amputate the cancerous limbs of corruption and abuse of power.[55] Economic Affairs Minister Azmin Ali said the SPV2030 is the country’s blueprint to generate rapid economic growth and create wealth so that prosperity could be shared together.[56]

Foreign relations

See main article: List of international prime ministerial trips made by Mahathir Mohamad during his second term. On 18 September 2019, Mahathir launched a new Foreign Policy Framework where Putrajaya pledged to prioritise maintaining good relations with other nations while practicing justice and fairness.[57]

Mahathir refused to extradite Zakir Naik.[58] [59] [60] Mahathir extradited Turkish national Arif Komis and his family, who were holding UNHCR refugee cards, in August 2019.[61] [62] Komis was later charged by the Turkish government for being part of the Gülen movement.[63]

United States

See main article: Malaysia–United States relations. On 11 May 2018, US President Donald Trump congratulated Mahathir on becoming the seventh prime minister of Malaysia,[64] [65] with the White House saying America is looking forward to working closely with it to address common international and regional challenges.[66]

On 3 August 2018, Mahathir held a discussion with United States Secretary of State Mike Pompeo at Perdana Putra.[67]

On 7 January 2020, Mahathir describing the U.S. killing of Iranian military commander Qassem Soleimani as immoral, and also against international laws.[68]

Indonesia

See main article: Indonesia–Malaysia relations. On 28 June 2018, Mahathir arrived Jakarta for a two-day official visit to Indonesia,[69] with Indonesian President Joko Widodo receiving the Malaysian leader at the airport in what has been described as a "rare honour".[70] Mahathir met Joko Widodo at the Bogor Palace to discuss issues related to governance, corruption eradication, connectivity, border settlement, and politics.[71]

On 21 May 2019, Mahathir congratulated Joko Widodo for his appointment as the President of Indonesia for the term 2019-2024.[72] [73]

On 9 August 2019, visiting Indonesian President Joko Widodo arrived at the Perdana Putra Building, Putrajaya for a four-eyed meeting with Mahathir.[74] Mahathir drives Joko Widodo in a Proton Persona car to a luncheon he hosted at Seri Perdana.[75] [76] [77]

North Korea

See main article: Malaysia–North Korea relations. Mahathir was supportive of the 2018–19 Korean peace process. He said, "the world should not treat North Korean leader Kim Jong-un with scepticism and instead learn from his new attitude towards bringing about peace".[78] In a joint press conference with Japan after the 2018 US-North Korea summit, Mahathir said, "we hoped for a successful outcome from the historic meeting",[79] adding that "Malaysia will re-open their embassy in North Korea as an end to the diplomatic row over the assassination of Kim Jong-nam last year".[80]

The Philippines

See main article: Malaysia-Philippines relations. On 16 July 2018, Mahathir met with Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte in Perdana Putra, Putrajaya.[81] [82] The two leaders talked about the Islamic State (IS) and pledged to curb the spread of extremism and terrorism in the Southeast Asian region.[83]

On 6 March 2019, Mahathir has arrived in Manila for a three-day visit to the Philippines.[84] He received a state welcome at Malacañang Palace, marking the first such reception given to a foreign head of government by the Philippines under the administration of President Rodrigo Duterte.[85] The Philippines and Malaysia pledged to enhance their cooperation in tackling security issues in the region. This includes efforts to combat terrorism, piracy, and transnational crimes, as well as the fight against the illegal drug trade.[86]

China

See main article: China–Malaysia relations. On 17 August 2018, Mahathir arrived Hangzhou to begin his five-day official visit to China, aimed at further strengthening the 44-year ties between Kuala Lumpur and Beijing.[87]

He toured a Chinese car plant and e-commerce giant Alibaba, and rode China's fastest high-speed train from the tech hub of Hangzhou to Shanghai, before arriving at the Chinese capital.[88] On a four-day state visit to China, Mahathir embarked on the delicate task of renegotiating $23bn in rail and pipeline deals agreed by his predecessor Najib Razak.[89]

On 24 April 2019, Mahathir arrived in Beijing to attend the Second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation.[90] On 26 April, he met with Chinese President Xi Jinping.[91] Malaysia actively participated in China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), fostering economic cooperation.[92]

In July 2019, on China's treatment of its Uyghur minority in Xinjiang, Mahathir said "we can condemn [China] but the fact is that the condemnation alone would not achieve anything."[93]

On 13 February 2020, in the more than half-hour telephone conversation with Chinese President Xi Jinping, Mahathir conveyed Malaysia's solidarity with and unwavering support for China in managing the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic.[94] [95]

Pakistan

See main article: Malaysia–Pakistan relations. On 21 November 2018, Mahathir meet with Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan at the Prime Minister's Office in Putrajaya. The two leaders welcomed the set-up of the Bilateral Consultation between senior officials of both Ministries of Foreign Affairs.[96] Mahathir believes that Malaysia and Pakistan share remarkable similarities in the sense.[97] Imran Khan said Pakistan is keen to learn from the experience of Mahathir in transforming Malaysia's economy and development.[98] [99] Imran Khan was among the Pakistani politicians who expressed their admiration for Mahathir during their general election campaign.[100]

On 21 March 2019, Mahathir being welcomed by Imran Khan at the Pakistan Air Force Nur Khan airbase in Rawalpindi during his official three-day visit to Pakistan.[101] [102] He was conferred the Nishan-e-Pakistan or Order of Pakistan, the country's highest civilian award.[103]

On 29 September 2019, Mahathir said Malaysia, Turkey, and Pakistan have agreed to take certain measures to explain what Islam really is to the outside world, aiming to dispel misconceptions about the religion, including its alleged links to terrorism.[104]

On 4 February 2020, Mahathir and visiting Imran Khan held a meeting at Perdana Putra to take stock of the existing cooperation between Malaysia and Pakistan.[105] Imran Khan said Pakistan will do its best to purchase Malaysian palm oil to offset the loss with regard to the Indian market.[106]

A luxury vehicle presented to Imran Khan by Mahathir was officially transferred to the government during a ceremony at the Malaysian High Commission in Islamabad. Razak Dawood, Khan’s commerce adviser, accepted the car on the prime minister's behalf.[107]

Turkmenistan

See main article: Malaysia–Turkmenistan relations. On 27 October 2019, Mahathir arrived Ashgabat to begin his two-day official visit to Turkmenistan.[108] [109] [110] After concluding the meeting with Turkmenistan President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov at the Presidential Palace, Mahathir stated that there are prospects of further cooperation between Malaysia and Turkmenistan in aerospace, the oil and gas industry, and cotton.[111] He also said that Berdimuhamedov, at a meeting, has expressed the wish for the Turkmenistan government to extend the production sharing contract (PSC) with Petronas in the country until 2038.[112]

Speech

Date Location Title Background and Overview
17 August 2018 The 100 Days of the Pakatan Harapan Government Mahathir delivered a televised speech.[113] [114]
24 September 2018 The Challenge of Good Governance in the Muslim World Mahathir speech at the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies.[115]
1 October 2018 Future Democracy in Asia Mahathir delivering his speech at the Chatham House thinktank.[116]
17 November 2018 Inclusion in the age of disruption: Charting a common future Mahathir speech at the 2018 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) CEO Summit.[117]
2 September 2019 Balancing Relations with the Superpowers in the Context of ASEAN Mahathir delivering his speech at Cambodia's oldest public university, the Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP).[118] [119]
15 October 2019 Advanced medical device innovation for improved healthcare Mahathir delivering his speech at the International Medical Device Conference 2019 (IMDC), Malaysia Medical Device Expo 2019 (MYMEDEX) and Medical Innovation Exhibition and Conference 2019 (MEDINOVA).[120]
25 October 2019 Upholding the Bandung principles to ensure concerted and adequate response to the challenges of the contemporary world Mahathir delivering his speech at the 18th Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) Summit.[121]

2020 political crisis and resignation

See main article: 2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis. In February 2020, disagreements over who should lead the government culminated in a political crisis. MPs supporting Anwar demanded a timeframe for Mahathir's resignation and handover of power. Other MPs from several political parties held their own meetings on forming a new government with Mahathir remaining prime minister; Mahathir himself was not present.[122] Around 131 MPs, including various opposition party leaders, gathered at the Sheraton Hotel in Petaling Jaya celebrating a "consensus".[123] [124] Anwar later confirmed a new governing coalition was being discussed, and added that he had been "betrayed" by Pakatan Harapan partners.[125] [126]

Anwar, Mahathir and other Pakatan leaders then met to clarify the situation; Mahathir said he was not involved in the attempt to form a new governing coalition.[127] [128]

Mahathir submitted his resignation to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong Abdullah of Pahang on 24 February 2020,[129] refusing to work with UMNO leaders in a new government.[130] [131] The Agong accepted Mahathir's resignation, and appointed him as interim prime minister until a replacement could be appointed.[132] [133] [134] BERSATU President Muhyiddin Yassin declared the party's withdrawal from the Pakatan Harapan coalition,[135] causing a loss of parliamentary majority; Mahathir resigned from the party in response.[136]

On 29 February, the Agong appointed Muhyiddin prime minister, determining that he was "most likely to have received the trust of the majority" of MPs.[137] Mahathir challenged this, but his attempts to contact the Agong to seek legitimacy for his support were not answered.[138] He left the Prime Minister's office an hour before Muhyiddin was sworn in.

Timeline

2018

2020

Notes and References

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  2. News: 2018-05-09 . Malaysia election: Opposition scores historic victory . en-GB . BBC News .
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  4. Web site: 2018-05-11 . Oldest Prime Minister records as Mahathir bin Mohamad becomes Malaysia's leader aged 92 . Guinness World Records . en-gb.
  5. News: 2018-06-22 . Najib's 1MDB denials unbelievable, says Malaysia's Mahathir . en . Reuters .
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  7. Web site: Agence France-Presse . 2018-05-10 . Malaysia's Najib 'accepts verdict of the people' after shock election loss . The National . en.
  8. News: Chief . Shannon Teoh Malaysia Bureau . Lumpur . Trinna Leong Malaysia Correspondent In Kuala . 2018-05-11 . Mahathir sworn in as Malaysia's 7th Prime Minister . en . The Straits Times . 0585-3923.
  9. Web site: Alhadjri . Alyaa . 2018-05-10 . Harapan gov't will not seek 'revenge' on Najib, says Dr M . Malaysiakini.
  10. Web site: 2018-05-10 . After stunning victory, Malaysian leader Mahathir says he only 'wants to restore the rule of law' . Arab News . en.
  11. Web site: Yedroudj . Latifa . 2018-05-10 . Malaysia election: Mahathir Mohamad declares he has a clear mandate . Express.co.uk . en.
  12. Web site: 2018-05-15 . Mahathir says may stay as PM for 1-2 years . New Straits Times.
  13. Web site: 2018-05-12 . Ministers: Guan Eng finance, Mat Sabu defence, and Muhyiddin home affairs . Malaysiakini.
  14. News: 2018-05-12 . Malaysia's Mahathir names Lim Guan Eng as finance minister . en . Reuters .
  15. Web site: Tong . Geraldine . 2018-05-12 . Daim, Zeti, Kuok, Hassan, Jomo named in advisory council . Malaysiakini.
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  17. Web site: 2018-05-23 . Dr M chairs first Cabinet meeting . Malay Mail . en.
  18. Web site: 2018-05-23 . Dr M announces 10 per cent pay cut for Cabinet ministers . New Straits Times.
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  22. News: 2018-05-12 . Malaysia's Mahathir bars former PM from leaving the country . en . Reuters .
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  26. Web site: 2018-05-21 . PM greenlights special 1MDB investigation team . New Straits Times.
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  29. Web site: 2018-07-03 . Malaysia's ex-PM Najib Razak arrested over 1MDB scandal . www.aljazeera.com . en.
  30. Web site: Lim . Ida . 2018-07-04 . Prosecution reads out CBT, abuse charges Najib over RM42m SRC funds . Malay Mail . en.
  31. News: 2018-11-13 . Goldman Sachs 'cheated' Malaysia over 1MDB - PM Mahathir . en . Reuters .
  32. Web site: 2018-11-13 . Goldman Sachs bankers 'cheated' Malaysia over 1MDB: PM Mahathir . CNBC . en.
  33. News: 2018-11-13 . Goldman Sachs bankers 'cheated' Malaysia over 1MDB: PM Mahathir . The Economic Times . 0013-0389.
  34. Web site: 2018-11-13 . PM: DOJ will help return money Goldman charged for 1MDB dealings . Malaysiakini.
  35. Web site: AR . Zurairi . 2019-04-09 . 'Keep it up': Malaysian, Singaporean PMs laud agencies probing 1MDB . Malay Mail . en.
  36. Web site: 2019-05-03 . US, S'pore know 1MDB-linked money belongs to M'sia: Mahathir . Malaysiakini.
  37. News: 2019-05-03 . Malaysia aims to retrieve US$7 billion in misappropriated funds from 1MDB: Mahathir . en . The Straits Times . 0585-3923.
  38. Web site: 2018-06-13 . Mahatir Scraps KL-Singapore High Speed Rail Connection . Silk Road Briefing . en.
  39. Web site: 2018-10-11 . Malaysia to abolish death penalty . www.aljazeera.com . en.
  40. News: 2018-10-11 . Malaysia to Repeal Death Penalty and Sedition Law . en . The New York Times .
  41. Web site: 2018-10-11 . Malaysian government agrees to abolish death penalty . South China Morning Post . en.
  42. Web site: 2018-10-11 . Malaysia says it will end death penalty for all crimes . AP News . en.
  43. Web site: 2018-10-15 . Death penalty still in effect until abolished, says Dr M . New Straits Times.
  44. News: Daewis . Mohd Farhan . Perkasa urges Putrajaya to keep death penalty, anti-sedition law . . 2018-12-10.
  45. News: 2019-03-13 . Malaysia to keep death penalty, but no longer mandatory . en . Reuters .
  46. News: 2019-03-13 . Malaysia accused of U-turn on death penalty abolition . . .
  47. Web site: Lin . Jessica . 2019-03-14 . After months of promising to abolish the death penalty, Malaysia's government now makes U-turn . Business Insider Malaysia.
  48. News: 2019-03-14 . Malaysia abandons plans to abolish the death penalty . .
  49. Web site: 2020-02-18 . Mandatory death sentence for drug trafficking may be amended to life term, says Dr M . The Star . en.
  50. Web site: 2020-02-18 . Drugs: Mandatory death sentence may be amended to life term, says Dr Mahathir . www.thesundaily.my . en-MY.
  51. Web site: 2019-09-14 . Ministers hold special cabinet meeting on Shared Prosperity Vision . Malaysiakini.
  52. Web site: 2019-09-14 . Special Cabinet meeting to discuss Shared Prosperity Vision 2021-2030 . www.thesundaily.my . en-MY.
  53. Web site: JUN . R. LOHESWAR AND SOO WERN . 2019-10-05 . Shared Prosperity Vision: A summary of what you need to know . Malay Mail . en.
  54. Web site: 2019-10-05 . Dr M says Malaysia can be new Asian tiger under WKB2030 . New Straits Times.
  55. Web site: 2019-10-05 . PM launches Shared Prosperity Vision 2030, says will hit the ground running . The Star . en.
  56. Web site: 2019-10-05 . SPV2030 to turbo-charge sustainable economic growth - Azmin . Malaysiakini.
  57. Web site: 2019-09-18 . With new Foreign Policy Framework, Malaysia to no longer stay silent against global injustice . Yahoo News . en-SG.
  58. News: 2 May 2019 . India preacher charged with money laundering . en-GB . . live . 13 April 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200503132110/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-48132710 . 3 May 2020.
  59. Web site: Hafiz . Ismail . 18 July 2019 . Mahathir's defence of Zakir exposing his hypocrisy . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210308235921/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/484424 . 8 March 2021 . 13 April 2020 . . en.
  60. Web site: Kandasamy . Darshini . 22 August 2018 . Malaysia Can't Decide if Zakir Naik Is a Preacher or a Terrorist . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200518211436/https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/08/22/malaysia-cant-decide-if-zakir-naik-is-a-preacher-or-a-terrorist/ . 18 May 2020 . 13 April 2020 . . en-US.
  61. Web site: Ismail . Hafiz . 12 September 2019 . Dr Zakir Naik is no more than a prized chess piece in a game of politics . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200813000019/https://www.malaymail.com/news/what-you-think/2019/09/12/dr-zakir-naik-is-no-more-than-a-prized-chess-piece-in-a-game-of-politics-is/1789836 . 13 August 2020 . 13 April 2020 . . en.
  62. Web site: 30 August 2019 . Dr M: Police asylum seeker deported on police advice . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201120184605/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/india-muslims-mob-attacks-us-report-state-department-narendra-modi-a8970911.html . 20 November 2020 . 3 December 2020 . The Star . Reuters.
  63. Web site: 30 August 2019 . Turkish teacher nabbed, brought back to Turkey . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210620162455/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/08/30/turkish-teacher-nabbed-brought-back-to-turkey/1785916 . 20 June 2021 . 8 December 2020 . Malay Mail.
  64. Web site: 2018-05-11 . Trump congratulates Mahathir on GE win . Free Malaysia Today.
  65. Web site: 2018-05-11 . Trump congratulates Dr M as seventh PM of Malaysia . The Star . en.
  66. News: 2018-05-11 . Donald Trump congratulates Malaysia's Mahathir Mohamad on historic electoral victory . The Times of India . 0971-8257.
  67. Web site: 2018-08-03 . US Secretary of State Pompeo calls on Dr Mahathir . New Straits Times.
  68. News: 2020-01-07 . Muslims should unite after Iran commander's killing - Malaysian PM . en . Reuters .
  69. Web site: 2018-06-28 . Dr M arrives in Indonesia for official visit . New Straits Times.
  70. Web site: 2018-06-28 . In 'rare honour', Jokowi receives Dr Mahathir at airport as Malaysian leader kicks off official visit . TODAY . en.
  71. Web site: antaranews.com . 2018-06-29 . Jokowi, Mahathir discuss corruption, connectivity, border settlement, and politics . Antara News.
  72. Web site: 2019-05-21 . Dr M congratulates Jokowi on his re-election . The Star . en.
  73. Web site: 2019-05-21 . Dr M congratulates Indonesia's Jokowi on election win . New Straits Times.
  74. Web site: 2019-08-09 . Joko Widodo meets with Dr Mahathir in Putrajaya . New Straits Times.
  75. Web site: 2019-08-09 . Mahathir drives Jokowi to lunch in a Proton . Malaysiakini.
  76. Web site: 2019-08-09 . Mahathir drives Jokowi to lunch in a Proton . The Star . en.
  77. News: Correspondent . Hazlin HassanMalaysia . 2019-08-09 . Mahathir in driver's seat on Jokowi's visit to Malaysia . en . The Straits Times . 0585-3923.
  78. Web site: Loh . Jonathon . 12 June 2018 . Malaysia PM Mahathir says the world can learn from Kim Jong Un's 'new attitude' and decision to meet Trump . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180615083238/https://www.businessinsider.my/dr-mahathir-praises-kim-jong-un-new-attitude-decision-trump-world-learn/ . 15 June 2018 . 15 June 2018 . .
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  80. Web site: Praveen Menon . Darren Schuettler . 12 June 2018 . Malaysia to reopen embassy in North Korea: Mahathir . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180614224658/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-malaysia/malaysia-to-reopen-embassy-in-north-korea-mahathir-idUSKBN1J80O2 . 14 June 2018 . 15 June 2018 . .
  81. Web site: 2018-07-16 . Duterte meets Dr M in Putrajaya . New Straits Times.
  82. Web site: 2018-07-16 . Philippines' Duterte meets Dr Mahathir . Free Malaysia Today.
  83. Web site: 2018-07-16 . Malaysia's Mahathir, Philippines' Duterte Discuss Islamic State, Security Ties . Benar News . en.
  84. Web site: 2019-03-06 . Dr M arrives in Manila for 3-day visit . New Straits Times.
  85. Web site: 2019-03-07 . Mahathir accorded state welcome in Philippines . Malaysiakini.
  86. Web site: 2019-03-07 . Philippines, Malaysia to jointly combat terrorism, illegal drug trade . www.xinhuanet.com.
  87. Web site: 2018-08-17 . Dr Mahathir arrives in Hangzhou to begin five-day China visit . New Straits Times.
  88. Web site: Jiang . Steven . 2018-08-20 . Mahathir tones down anti-China rhetoric during visit to Beijing . CNN . en.
  89. News: Hornby . Lucy . 2018-08-20 . Mahathir Mohamad warns against 'new colonialism' during China visit . Financial Times . 2023-08-18.
  90. Web site: 2019-04-24 . Malaysian PM arrives in Beijing to attend 2nd Belt and Road Forum . www.xinhuanet.com.
  91. Web site: 2019-04-26 . Mahathir meets Xi in joint pursuit of better relations . Malaysiakini.
  92. Web site: 2019-04-26 . Dr Mahathir given honour to present speech, pledges full support for BRI . New Straits Times.
  93. News: 31 July 2019 . Malaysia: Mahathir Careful Not to Condemn China's Treatment of Uyghurs . Radio Free Asia . live . 11 October 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191011133847/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/malaysia-uyghurs-07312019175631.html/ . 11 October 2019.
  94. Web site: 2020-02-14 . Dr M expresses solidarity with China in half hour call to President Xi . Malaysiakini.
  95. Web site: CHAN . JULIA . 2020-02-14 . PM says Malaysia stands with China in Covid-19 battle in phone call with President Xi . Malay Mail . en.
  96. Web site: 2018-11-21 . Malaysia and Pakistan are set to build stronger ties . New Straits Times.
  97. Web site: 2018-11-21 . Malaysia and Pakistan share a common vision, says Dr M . New Straits Times.
  98. Web site: 2018-11-21 . Pakistan wants to learn from Dr M, says Imran Khan . Malaysiakini.
  99. Web site: 2018-11-21 . We came to learn from you, Pakistan PM tells Mahathir . Free Malaysia Today.
  100. Web site: 2018-10-18 . Cricket legend-turned-PM Imran Khan to visit Malaysia . Free Malaysia Today.
  101. Web site: 2019-03-22 . Mahathir arrives in Islamabad for three-day visit to Pakistan . New Straits Times.
  102. Web site: Dawn.com . Reuters . 2019-03-21 . PM Khan receives Malaysian premier Dr Mahathir at Nur Khan airbase . DAWN.COM . en.
  103. Web site: Dawn.com . 2019-03-22 . Pakistan's highest civil honour conferred on Malaysian prime minister . DAWN.COM . en.
  104. Web site: 2019-09-29 . M'sia, Turkey, Pakistan to lead in explaining true picture of Islam . Malaysiakini.
  105. Web site: 2020-02-04 . Dr M, Imran Khan meet in Putrajaya . Malaysiakini.
  106. Web site: 2020-02-04 . After India's 'threat', Pakistan to do its best to rescue M'sian palm oil . Malaysiakini.
  107. Web site: 2019-12-16 . PM Khan receives Malaysia's 'exciting' Proton car from Mahathir . Arab News . en.
  108. Web site: Bernama . 2019-10-27 . Mahathir arrives in Asghabat for two-day official visit . Malaysiakini.
  109. Web site: 2019-10-27 . Dr M arrives in Ashgabat for two-day official visit to Turkmenistan . The Star . en.
  110. Web site: 2019-10-27 . Dr Mahathir arrives in Turkmenistan for two-day official visit . New Straits Times.
  111. Web site: 2019-10-27 . Dr M sees prospects of deals in aerospace, oil and gas, cotton . Free Malaysia Today.
  112. Web site: Bernama . 2019-10-28 . Turkmenistan wants to extend Petronas PSC to 2038 - Dr M . Malaysiakini.
  113. Web site: 2018-08-17 . Dr M's speech on Pakatan Harapan's 100 days . New Straits Times.
  114. Web site: 2018-08-17 . Dr M's full speech: 'The 100 days of the Pakatan Harapan Government' . The Star . en.
  115. Web site: 2018-09-24 . The Challenge of Good Governance in the Muslim World Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies . www.oxcis.ac.uk.
  116. News: Binyon . Michael . 2018-10-02 . Asians are not used to democracy, says Malaysian leader Mahathir Mohamad . . en . 0140-0460.
  117. Web site: 2018-11-17 . Dr M's full speech at the 2018 APEC CEO Summit . New Straits Times.
  118. Web site: 2019-09-02 . Malaysian PM Gives a Public Speech at RUPP . pressocm.gov.kh.
  119. Web site: 2019-09-03 . Malaysian PM Attends an Open Dialogue at RUPP .
  120. Web site: Publication: KEYNOTE SPEECH BY YAB TUN DR MAHATHIR BIN MOHAMAD PRIME MINISTER OF MALAYSIA at IMDC 2019, MYMEDEX 2019 & MEDINOVA 2019 - Medical Device Authority (MDA) . portal.mda.gov.my.
  121. Web site: 2019-10-25 . Upholding the Bandung principles to ensure concerted and adequate response to challenges . www.astroawani.com.
  122. Web site: Leaders holed up in political meetings . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200224113146/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/02/23/leaders-holed-up-in-political-meetings . 24 February 2020 . 24 February 2020 . The Star. 23 February 2020 .
  123. Web site: Consensus dinner ends, MPs begin leaving Sheraton PJ . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200224113148/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/02/23/vehicles-seen-entering-istana-negara-following-talk-of-new-coalition-govt . 24 February 2020 . 24 February 2020 . The Star. 23 February 2020 .
  124. Web site: C131 MPs attend dinner at hotel . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200224113148/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/02/24/131-mps-attend-dinner-at-hotel . 24 February 2020 . 24 February 2020 . The Star. 24 February 2020 .
  125. Web site: Anwar confirms bid to shake up PH . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200224113145/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/02/24/anwar-confirms-bid-to-shake-up-ph . 24 February 2020 . 24 February 2020 . The Star. 24 February 2020 .
  126. Web site: Anwar Ibrahim says he has been betrayed by Pakatan Harapan partners amid talk of new ruling coalition . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20200226160122/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/malaysia-anwar-mahathir-pakatan-harapan-umno-pas-12462606 . 26 February 2020 . 23 March 2020 . Channel News Asia.
  127. News: 24 February 2020 . Pemimpin PH jumpa Dr Mahathir . . live . 26 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210906161127/https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/politik/2020/02/658588/pemimpin-ph-jumpa-dr-mahathir . 6 September 2021.
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  129. Web site: 2020-02-24 . Mahathir resigns - PMO confirms . Malaysiakini.
  130. Web site: Malaysia's Mahathir Mohamad resigns as Prime Minister. Helen Regan. Ushar Daniele. CNN. 24 February 2020. 24 February 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200224081618/https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/24/asia/malaysia-prime-minister-mahathir-resigns-intl-hnk/index.html. 24 February 2020. live.
  131. Web site: Anwar: I appealed to Dr M to stay on as PM but he refused to be associated with past regime. The Star. 24 February 2020 . 24 February 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200224113150/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/02/24/anwar-i-appealed-to-dr-m-to-stay-on-as-pm-but-he-refused-to-be-associated-with-past-regime. 24 February 2020. live.
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  134. News: Regan . Helen . Malaysia's Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad resigns . 24 February 2020 . . 24 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200224081614/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/02/24/asia/malaysia-prime-minister-mahathir-resigns-intl-hnk/index.html . 24 February 2020 . live .
  135. Web site: 2020-02-24 . Muhyiddin: Bersatu quits Harapan . Malaysiakini.
  136. Web site: 2020-02-24 . Dr M also quits as Bersatu chair moments after party exits Harapan . Malaysiakini.
  137. News: Muhyiddin is eighth PM, says King. 29 February 2020. The Star. 1 March 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200301040316/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/03/01/muhyiddin-is-eighth-pm-says-king. 1 March 2020. live.
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  139. News: 2018-05-09 . Mahathir Wins in Historic Malaysia Power Shift . Bloomberg.com . en.
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  141. Web site: 2018-05-12 . Malaysia's Mahathir Mohamad Bars Former PM From Leaving The Country . www.ndtv.com . en.
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  143. News: 2018-05-13 . Mahathir says anti-fake news law to get 'proper' definition; Malaysia has sufficient revenue to remove GST . The Straits Times . en . 0585-3923.
  144. Web site: 2018-05-13 . Taxes collected 'illegally' in BN's time will be returned, promises Dr M . Malaysiakini.
  145. Web site: 2018-05-14 . Malaysia's Mahathir vows to investigate toppled government . Reuters.
  146. Web site: 2018-05-14 . Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei visits Dr Mahathir . Borneo Post Online . en-US.
  147. Web site: Team . NSTP . 2018-05-14 . Brunei Sultan spends one hour with Dr Mahathir . NST Online . en.
  148. Web site: Chie . Kow Gah . 2018-05-14 . Gov't to study whether to repeal anti-fake news law . Malaysiakini.
  149. Web site: Chie . Kow Gah . 2018-05-16 . Gov't to cut 17k political appointees, announces PM . Malaysiakini.
  150. Web site: 2018-05-17 . Dr M suspects some Malaysian economic data 'fake' . www.malaymail.com.
  151. Web site: 2018-05-17 . Malaysia's Chinese projects: Mahathir to respect all agreements . South China Morning Post . en.
  152. Web site: Team . NSTP . 2018-05-17 . BR1M to be continued, says Dr M . NST Online . en.
  153. Web site: Robertson . May . 2018-05-18 . Dr M: My critics should not be arrested . Malay Mail . en.
  154. News: Editor . Zakir HussainSingapore . 2018-05-19 . PM Lee Hsien Loong meets Malaysian PM Mahathir Mohamad in Putrajaya . The Straits Times . en . 0585-3923.
  155. Web site: 2018-05-22 . PM picks panel to probe 1MDB . New Straits Times.
  156. Web site: Team . NSTP . 2018-05-23 . Price of fuel at pumps to remain, says PM . NST Online . en.
  157. Web site: 2018-05-24 . PM Mahathir: Public sector downsizing, ministers' pay cut among steps to save nation's coffers . The Edge Malaysia.
  158. Web site: 2018-05-24 . Four government agencies disbanded . New Straits Times.
  159. Web site: 2018-05-26 . Dr M meets Japan, Russia ambassadors . New Straits Times.
  160. Web site: Bernama . 2018-05-31 . Indian PM Modi pays call on Dr Mahathir in Putrajaya . NST Online . en.
  161. Web site: Abas . Azura . 2018-06-01 . PM agrees to GIACC formation to handle governance, integrity and anti-graft . NST Online . en.
  162. Web site: Ramasamy . Manirajan . 2018-06-01 . Up to state govt to approve multi billion Ringgit Kedah City Project, says Tun M . NST Online . en.
  163. Web site: Bernama . 2018-06-25 . Mahathir test-drives latest Proton SUV . NST Online . en.
  164. Web site: Zulfakar . Mergawati . 2018-06-28 . Dr Mahathir met by Jokowi upon arrival in Jakarta . The Star . en.
  165. Web site: Bernama . 2018-07-01 . Govt to amend, repeal laws that restrict people's freedom – Dr Mahathir . NST Online . en.
  166. Web site: Bernama . 2018-07-09 . Dr M tells civil servants not to use power for personal gain . Malaysiakini.
  167. Web site: CHING . OOI TEE . 2018-07-20 . Dr M: Whistleblowers will be protected from retaliation . NST Online . en.
  168. Web site: Team . NSTP . 2018-07-20 . Dr M to invite Chinese companies to invest in Malaysia using Malaysian labour and resources . NST Online . en.
  169. Web site: Fuad . Faris . 2018-07-27 . PM attends Friday prayers with security forces in conjunction with Warriors Day . NST Online . en.
  170. Web site: 2018-08-03 . US Secretary of State Pompeo calls on Dr M . The Star . en.
  171. Web site: 2018-08-03 . US state secretary calls on Dr M . Malay Mail . en.
  172. Web site: Team . NSTP . 2018-08-09 . I'll return to Parliament as backbencher to implement reforms: Anwar . NST Online . en.
  173. Web site: Bernama . 2018-08-13 . Be patriotic, buy local products, Dr M urges Malaysians . NST Online . en.
  174. Web site: Team . NSTP . 2018-08-15 . Dr M: There is only so much M'sia can do in the Middle East . NST Online . en.
  175. Web site: 2018-08-16 . Official Visit of YAB Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad, Prime Minister, Hangzhou, 17-18 August 2018 . Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia.
  176. Web site: Idris . Saidon . 2018-08-21 . Dr M: China can invest in Malaysia, but based on our rules . NST Online . en.
  177. Web site: Kannan . Hashini Kavishtri . 2018-08-24 . Muhammed Abdul Khalid is now PM's economic adviser . NST Online . en.
  178. Web site: Reuters . 2018-08-27 . Malaysia bars foreigners from Forest City project that drew Chinese buyers . NST Online . en.
  179. Web site: Aziz . Manirajan Ramasamy and Mahanum Abdul . 2018-08-27 . CEP's 100-day report not meant for public viewing: Dr M . NST Online . en.
  180. Web site: Aziz . Manirajan Ramasamy and Mahanum Abdul . 2018-08-27 . Government will make proper assessment on BR1M . NST Online . en.

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