CCL3 explained

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha (MIP-1-alpha) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCL3 gene.

Function

CCL3 is a cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is involved in the acute inflammatory state in the recruitment and activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes^[1] through binding to the receptors CCR1, CCR4 and CCR5.

Sherry et al. (1988) demonstrated 2 protein components of MIP1, called by them alpha (CCL3, this protein) and beta (CCL4).^{[2] [3]}

CCL3 produces a monophasic fever of rapid onset whose magnitude is equal to or greater than that of fevers produced with either recombinant human tumor necrosis factor or recombinant human interleukin-1. However, in contrast to these two endogenous pyrogens, the fever induced by MIP-1 is not inhibited by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen and CCL3 may participate in the febrile response that is not mediated through prostaglandin synthesis and clinically cannot be ablated by cyclooxygenase.^[4]

Interactions

CCL3 has been shown to interact with CCL4.^[5] Attracts macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils.

See also

• Macrophage inflammatory proteins

Further reading

• Menten P, Wuyts A, Van Damme J . Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 . Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews . 13 . 6 . 455–81 . Dec 2002 . 12401480 . 10.1016/S1359-6101(02)00045-X .
• Muthumani K, Desai BM, Hwang DS, Choo AY, Laddy DJ, Thieu KP, Rao RG, Weiner DB . HIV-1 Vpr and anti-inflammatory activity . DNA and Cell Biology . 23 . 4 . 239–47 . Apr 2004 . 15142381 . 10.1089/104454904773819824 .
• Joseph AM, Kumar M, Mitra D . Nef: "necessary and enforcing factor" in HIV infection . Current HIV Research . 3 . 1 . 87–94 . Jan 2005 . 15638726 . 10.2174/1570162052773013 .
• Zhao RY, Elder RT . Viral infections and cell cycle G2/M regulation . Cell Research . 15 . 3 . 143–9 . Mar 2005 . 15780175 . 10.1038/sj.cr.7290279 . free .
• Zhao RY, Bukrinsky M, Elder RT . HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) & host cellular responses . The Indian Journal of Medical Research . 121 . 4 . 270–86 . Apr 2005 . 15817944 .
• Li L, Li HS, Pauza CD, Bukrinsky M, Zhao RY . Roles of HIV-1 auxiliary proteins in viral pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions . Cell Research . 15 . 11–12 . 923–34 . 2006 . 16354571 . 10.1038/sj.cr.7290370 . free .

Notes and References

1. Wolpe SD, Davatelis G, Sherry B, Beutler B, Hesse DG, Nguyen HT, Moldawer LL, Nathan CF, Lowry SF, Cerami A . Macrophages secrete a novel heparin-binding protein with inflammatory and neutrophil chemokinetic properties . The Journal of Experimental Medicine . 167 . 2 . 570–81 . 1988 . 3279154 . 2188834 . 10.1084/jem.167.2.570 .
2. Sherry B, Tekamp-Olson P, Gallegos C, Bauer D, Davatelis G, Wolpe SD, Masiarz F, Coit D, Cerami A . Resolution of the two components of macrophage inflammatory protein 1, and cloning and characterization of one of those components, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta . The Journal of Experimental Medicine . 168 . 6 . 2251–9 . 1988 . 3058856 . 2189160 . 10.1084/jem.168.6.2251 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: CCL3 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3.
4. Davatelis G, Wolpe SD, Sherry B, Dayer JM, Chicheportiche R, Cerami A . Macrophage inflammatory protein-1: a prostaglandin-independent endogenous pyrogen . Science . 243 . 4894 Pt 1 . 1066–8 . 1989 . 2646711 . 10.1126/science.2646711 . 1989Sci...243.1066D .
5. Guan E, Wang J, Norcross MA . Identification of human macrophage inflammatory proteins 1alpha and 1beta as a native secreted heterodimer . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 276 . 15 . 12404–9 . Apr 2001 . 11278300 . 10.1074/jbc.M006327200 . free .