List of wars of independence explained

This is a list of wars of independence (also called liberation wars). These wars may or may not have been successful in achieving a goal of independence.

List

width=80DatesNamewidth=200Independent stateAnti-independence stateResult
701 BCSennacherib's campaign in the LevantJudah, Phoenicia, Philistia AssyriaDefeat of rebel states; reestablishment of Assyrian control over Levant
626–620 BCRevolt of Babylon Babylonia AssyriaFormation of the Neo-Babylonian Empire; beginning of the Medo-Babylonian conquest of the Assyrian Empire
601–586 BCJudah's revolts against Babylon Judah BabyloniaDefeat and destruction of the Kingdom of Judah; Babylonian captivity
499–493 BCIonian RevoltIonia, Aeolis, Doris, Caria, Cyprus PersiaDefeat of Greek insurgents; beginning of the first Persian invasion of Greece
484 BCBabylonian revolts Babylonia PersiaDefeat of Babylonian insurgents
460–454 BCRebellion of Inaros Egypt PersiaDefeat of Egyptian insurgents
323–322 BCLamian WarAthens, Aetolian League, most states in Central Greece MacedoniaDefeat of rebel states; reestablishment of Macedonian control over Greece
206–186 BCGreat Theban Revolt Upper Egypt Ptolemaic EmpireDefeat of Egyptian insurgents
167–141 BCMaccabean Revolt Judea Seleucid EmpireIndependence of Judea from the Seleucid Empire; creation of the Hasmonean dynasty
155–139 BCLusitanian WarLusitaniaDefeat of Lusitanian insurgents; Lusitania annexed by Roman Republic
54–50 BCGaul revolts from Gallic WarsGaulDefeat of Gaul insurgents; Gaul annexed by Roman Republic
9Battle of the Teutoburg ForestGermaniaLiberation of Germania from Roman rule
40–43Trung sisters' rebellionLạc Việt Han ChinaRebellion suppressed; China retains control of Vietnam
60–61Boudican revoltIceni, TrinovantesDefeat of Celtic Briton insurgents; consolidation of Roman rule in Britain
66–73Great Jewish Revolt JudeaDefeat of Jewish insurgents; Roman Empire retains control of Judea; dispersion of Jews
132–136Bar Kokhba revolt
192Khu Liên rebellionLâm Ấp (Champa) Han ChinaIndependence of Lâm Ấp from China
260–274Postumus revoltGallic EmpireRestoration of Roman Empire authority
270–273Zenobia's revoltPalmyrene EmpireRestoration of Roman Empire authority
286–296Carausian revoltBritannic EmpireRestoration of Roman Empire authority
409–417Bagaudae RevoltBagaudaeRestoration of Roman Empire authority
529–531Ben Sabar Revolt Samaria Byzantine EmpireDefeat of Samaritan insurgents
541–544Lý Bí rebellionVietnam Liang ChinaIndependence of Vietnam from Chinese rule
660–663Baekje Revival MovementBaekje Tang China
Silla
698Battle of TianmenlingBalhae Zhou ChinaIndependence of Balhae from China
720–832Bashmurian revoltsBashmur Umayyad Caliphate (720–750)
Abbasid Caliphate (750–832)
Defeat of Coptic insurgents
722Battle of Covadonga Asturias Umayyad CaliphateAsturias retains its independence; beginning of Reconquista
740–743Berber RevoltBarghawata, Tlemcen, Sijilmasa Umayyad Caliphate
782–793Frisian uprisingsFrisia Carolingian EmpireDefeat of Frisian insurgents
782–804Saxon revolts from Saxon WarsSaxony Carolingian EmpireDefeat of Saxon insurgents; Frankish annexation of Saxony
816–837Babak's revolt Persia Abbasid CaliphateDefeat of Khurramite insurgents
824Battle of Roncevaux Pass Pamplona (Basques) Carolingian EmpireCreation of the Kingdom of Pamplona
847Yu'firid conquest of Sana'aYu'firids Abbasid CaliphateIndependence of Yemen from the Abbasid Caliphate
864Uprising of Hasan ibn ZaydAlavids Abbasid CaliphateIndependence of Tabaristan from the Abbasid Caliphate
899Qarmatian RevolutionQarmatians Abbasid CaliphateIndependence of Eastern Arabia from the Abbasid Caliphate
938Battle of Bạch ĐằngVietnamSouthern HanIndependence of Vietnam from Chinese rule
1011–1013Jarrahid revoltFilastin Fatimid CaliphateDefeat of Bedouin insurgents
1024–1029Bedouin uprisingBedouin alliance in Syria Fatimid CaliphateDefeat of Bedouin insurgents
1038–1047Miecław's RebellionMiecław's State PolandDefeat of Miecław; his state is reincorporated into Poland
1067–1075Anglo-Saxon resistance to Norman ruleAnglo-Saxons NormandyDefeat of Anglo-Saxon insurgents
1128Battle of São Mamede Portugal LeónIndependence of Portugal from León
1185–1188Uprising of Asen and Peter Bulgaria Byzantine EmpireIndependence of Bulgaria from the Byzantine Empire; creation of the Second Bulgarian Empire
1238Si Inthrathit rebellionThailandCambodiaIndependence of Thailand from Cambodia
1270–1273Sambyeolcho Rebellion Sambyeolcho Yuan Empire (Mongols)Defeat of Korean insurgents
1282Sicilian Vespers Sicily Angevin monarchyLiberation of Sicilly from Angevin regime
1296–1357Wars of Scottish Independence Scotland EnglandScotland retains its status as an independent nation
1346–1347Rebellion of Ismail MukhBahmani Kingdom
1351–1368Red Turban Rebellions Ming China Yuan Empire (Mongols)
1353–1359Ekdala Wars Bengal Delhi SultanateIndependence of Bengal from Delhi
1400–1415Glyndŵr rebellion Wales EnglandDefeat of Welsh insurgents; England retains control of Wales
1418–1427Lam Sơn uprising Vietnam Ming ChinaIndependence of Vietnam from Chinese rule; creation of the Lê dynasty
1468–1500Kazakh War of IndependenceKazakh KhanateUzbek KhanateKazakh Khanate maintains independence from the Uzbek Khanate
1480Battle of the Ugra Muscovy Great HordeThe end of Tatar yoke in Russia
1499Swabian WarDe facto independence of Switzerland from the Holy Roman Empire
1521–1523Swedish War of LiberationIndependence of Sweden from the Kalmar Union
1568–1571Morisco Revolt MoriscosRevolt suppressed; deportation of most Moriscos from Granada to Castile
1568–1648Eighty Years' War SpainIndependence of the Netherlands from Spain
1576–1612Baro-Bhuyan revoltBaro-Bhuyans Mughal EmpireDefeat of Baro-Bhuyans; consolidation of Mughal Empire's rule in Bengal
1584–1593Nandric War Thailand MyanmarIndependence of Thailand from Myanmar
1586–1589War of Kashmiri Independence Kashmir Mughal EmpireDefeat of Kashmiri insurgents; Mughal Empire retains control of Kashmir
1591Restoration of Lan XangLaos MyanmarIndependence of Laos from Myanmar
1618–1620Bohemian Revolt Bohemia Habsburg monarchyDefeat of insurgents; the elective monarchy of Bohemia was abolished in favour of the hereditary succession of Habsburg monarchs
1640–1668Portuguese Restoration War SpainRestoration of Portuguese independence from Spain
1648–1657Khmelnytsky Uprising (Ukrainians)Independence of Ukraine from Poland–Lithuania
1673–1681Revolt of the Three FeudatoriesZhou Qing EmpireDefeat of Han Chinese insurgents; consolidation of Qing's rule in Southern China
1679–1707Rathore rebellion Marwar Mughal EmpireRathores retain their independence from the Mughal Empire
1680–1707Maratha War of Independence Mughal EmpireMughals fail to annex Maratha Empire
1703–1711Rákóczi's War of Independence HungaryLimited autonomy for Hungary within the Habsburg monarchy
1729–1755Corsican Revolution Corsica GenoaDe facto independence of Corsica from Genoa
1740Mon revolt Hanthawaddy MyanmarIndependence of Lower Burma; beginning of the Konbaung–Hanthawaddy War
1744–1829Dagohoy rebellion Bohol Republic SpainDefeat of Boholano insurgents
1768–1769French conquest of Corsica CorsicaCorsica annexed by France
1775–1783American Revolutionary War
(United States War of Independence)
Independence of the United States from Great Britain
1791–1804Haitian RevolutionIndependence of Haiti from France
1794Kościuszko Uprising
Third Partition of Poland
1798Irish Rebellion of 1798 Society of United IrishmenAbolition of the Irish Parliament; creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1804–1813First Serbian Uprising
(Serbian Revolution)
SerbiaDefeat of insurgents; Ottoman Empire retains control of Serbia
1806Greater Poland uprising of 1806Creation of the Napoleonic Poland
1807Tunisian–Algerian War of 1807 Tunisia AlgeriaLiberation of Tunisia from Algerian suzerainty
1808–1814Peninsular WarIndependence of Portugal and Spain from France
1810s–1820sLatin American wars of independenceIndependence of many Spanish-American colonies from Spain
Argentine War of Independence Río de la Plata
Bolivian War of Independence
Chilean War of Independence
Colombian War of Independence Colombia
Ecuadorian War of Independence Ecuador
Mexican War of Independence Mexico
Peruvian War of Independence
Venezuelan War of Independence
1813German campaign20px German statesDissolution of the Rhine Confederation
1814Swedish–Norwegian War SwedenPartial independence of Norway within the later United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
1815–1817Second Serbian Uprising
(Serbian Revolution)
Semi-independence of Serbia within the Ottoman Empire
1821–1829Greek War of IndependenceIndependence of Greece from the Ottoman Empire
1822–1824Brazilian War of Independence PortugalIndependence of Brazil from Portugal
1825–1828Cisplatine War Río de la PlataDisputatiin between Brazil and Río de la Plata; independence of Uruguay from Brazil
1826–1831Separation of Venezuela and Ecuador EcuadorIndependence of Venezuela and Ecuador from Gran Colombia; dissolution of Gran Colombia; creation of the Republic of New Granada
1826–1828Lao Rebellion Vientiane
ThailandDefeat of Lao insurgents
1830–1831November UprisingDefeat of Polish insurgents; liquidation of Polish autonomy
1830–1839Belgian RevolutionIndependence of Belgium from the Netherlands
1834–1835Ja Thak Wa uprisingChampa VietnamDefeat of Cham insurgents
1835–1845Ragamuffin WarThe Riograndense Republic is dissolved and reintegrated with Brazil
1835–1836Texas RevolutionIndependence of Texas from Mexico
1837–1838Lower Canada Rebellion Republic of Lower CanadaDefeat of insurgents: unification of Upper Canada and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada
1837Upper Canada Rebellion Republic of Canada
1840–1841Cambodian Rebellion Cambodia VietnamIndependence of Cambodia from Vietnam
1844–1856Dominican War of Independence HaitiIndependence of Dominican Republic from Haiti
1846Bear Flag RevoltThe California Republic declares independence from Mexico. The republic is quickly annexed by the United States
1846Kraków uprising PolandDefeat of Polish insurgents; end of the status of Kraków as the Free City
1847Sonderbund WarSonderbundDissolution of the Sonderbund; Federal constitution of 1848
1848Poznań Uprising PolandGrand Duchy of Posen transformed into the Province of Posen
1848–1849Hungarian Revolution of 1848 HungaryRevolution suppressed; Hungary placed under military dictatorship until the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
1848–1849Italian War of Independence Kingdom of Sardinia-PiedmontSardinia-Piedmont defeated by the Austrian Empire; Italian unification not achieved
1850–1864Taiping Rebellion Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Qing EmpireDefeat of insurgents
1856–1873Panthay Rebellion Dali sultanate Qing EmpireDefeat of insurgents
1857–1858Indian War of IndependenceSepoy mutineers led by British East India CompanyEast India Company loses power to Great Britain, vide Government of India Act 1858.
1859Second Italian War of Independence Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont Lombardy–Venetia


Tuscany
France and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia defeat the Austrian Empire; most of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia transferred to France and then to Piedmont-Sardinia; Duchy of Parma, Duchy of Modena, Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the Papal Legations annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia
1861–1865American Civil War United States (Union)Defeat and dissolution of the Confederacy; U.S. retains control of the South
1862–1877Dongan Revolt Yettishar Qing EmpireQing reconquest of Xinjiang
1863–1865January Uprising PolandDefeat of Polish insurgents; Russia retains control of Poland
1863–1865Dominican Restoration WarIndependence of Dominican Republic from 4 year occupation by Spain; ousts Spain from Hispaniola
1866Third Italian War of IndependenceAustrian Empire loses Veneto to Kingdom of Italy
1868–1869Battle of Hakodate Ezo RepublicDefeat of remnants of the Tokugawa shogunate army; restoration of Japanese imperial rule
1868–1878Ten Years' WarDefeat of insurgents; Spain retains control of Cuba
1876–1886Cajemé's rebellionYaqui Republic Mexico
1876April Uprising BulgariaDefeat of Bulgarian nationalists by the Ottoman Empire. Subsequent reprisals by the Ottomans led to the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–78 and the 1878 independence of Bulgaria from the Ottoman Empire.
1877Romanian War of IndependenceIndependence of Romania from the Ottoman Empire
1879–1882Urabi revoltBritish occupation of Egypt
1880–1881First Boer WarSouth African Republic regained self-government under British suzerainty
1881–1899Mahdist War (1881–1882)
(1882–1899)
Britain took over Sudan
1885North-West Rebellion Provisional Government of Saskatchewan (Métis) CanadaCollapse of the Provisional Government
1895Japanese invasion of Taiwan Republic of FormosaDefeat of Taiwanese insurgents; Annexation of Taiwan by Japan
1895–1898Cuban War of IndependenceIndependence of Cuba from Spain following four years of American occupation
1896–1898Philippine RevolutionInconclusive; Philippines independence from Spain then achieved by Spanish–American War
1896–1903Menalamba rebellion MadagascarRebellion suppressed; consolidation of French rule in Madagascar
1899–1913Philippine–American WarDefeat of Philippine insurgents; United States retains control of the Philippines
1903Separation of Panama from ColombiaSeparation of Panama from Colombia and construction of the Panama Canal
1905–1910Righteous Armies WarsDefeat of Korean insurgents; Annexation of Korea by Japan
19111911 Revolution Republic of ChinaCreation of the Republic of China
1911–1912Mongolian Revolution of 1911 MongoliaIndependence of Mongolia from Qing's rule
1911–1912Xinhai Lhasa Turmoil TibetIndependence of Tibet from Qing's rule
1914–1915Boer revolt
1915–1918Senussi campaign Senussi OrderDefeat of the Senussi Order; restoration of Italian rule in Libya
1916–1918Arab RevoltIndependence of the Hejaz from the Ottoman Empire; partition of the remaining Ottoman-controlled Arab territories in the Levant and Iraq by the United Kingdom and France
1916–1934Basmachi movement Turkestan Soviet Russia (1917–1922)
(1922–1934)
Turkestan conquered by Red Army
1917–1921Ukrainian War of Independence Soviet RussiaIndependence of Ukraine from Russia; partition of Ukraine by Soviet Union and Poland
1918Yakut revoltYakutia Soviet RussiaDefeat of Yakutian insurgents
1918–1919Poznań WarCreation of the Second Polish Republic
1918–1920Estonian War of Independence Soviet RussiaIndependence of Estonia from Russian Empire/Russian SFSR
1918–1920Latvian War of Independence Soviet RussiaIndependence of Latvia from Russian Empire/Russian SFSR
1918–1920Lithuanian War of Independence Soviet Russia
Independence of Lithuania from Russian Empire/Russian SFSR and Poland
1918–1920Revolt of the Ingrian Finns North Ingria Soviet RussiaGenocide of the Ingrian Finns
1919Third Anglo-Afghan WarBritain recognised Afghanistan's independence
1919–1921Irish War of IndependenceAnglo-Irish Treaty
Partition of Ireland; secession of 26 of Ireland's 32 counties (the Irish Free State) from the United Kingdom
1919–1923Turkish War of IndependenceAllies of World War I (Greece, France, United Kingdom, Armenia)Creation of the Republic of Turkey
1919;
1922–1924
Mahmud Barzanji revolts Kingdom of Kurdistan United Kingdom
(1922–1924)
Defeat of Kurdish insurgents
1920Iraqi Revolt IraqGreater autonomy given to Iraq
19201920 Ganja revolt Soviet RussiaRevolt suppressed
1920–1926Rif WarDefeat of insurgents and Rif Republic; Spain retains control of Spanish Morocco
1921Mongolian Revolution of 1921 MongoliaIndependence of Mongolia from the Chinese government's rule
1921February Uprising Mountainous Armenia Soviet RussiaUprising quelled
1921–1922East Karelian uprising Karelian United Government Soviet RussiaUprising quelled
1922–1932Second Italo-Senussi War Senussi OrderConsolidation of Italian rule in Libya; Libyan genocide
1924August Uprising Committee for the Independence of GeorgiaConsolidation of Soviet rule in the Georgian SSR
1924Assyrian rebellion Assyrian volunteersFailure; Hakkari Assyrians expelled to Iraq
1925–1927Great Syrian RevoltSyriansRevolt suppressed; France maintains its mandate over Syria
1927–1931Ararat rebellion Republic of AraratDefeat of Kurdish insurgents
1931–1934Defeat of Uyghur insurgents
1936–1939Arab revolt in Palestine Arab Higher CommitteeRebellion suppressed
1936–1939 Waziristan British EmpireRebellion suppressed
1940–1941Abyssinian campaignDissolution of Italian East Africa; independence of Ethiopia
1940–19441940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya Provisional Popular Revolutionary Government of Chechen-IngushetiaDeportation of Chechens and Ingushes
1941Uprising in Montenegro Communist Party of YugoslaviaUprising suppressed
1942–1947Second Indian War of Independence Free IndiaINA captured parts of North-East India and Andaman & Nicobar Islands, later INA Trials triggered Bombay Mutiny & Royal Air Force mutiny which resulted in Indian Independence Act 1947[1]
1944Warsaw UprisingUprising suppressed
1944Slovak National Uprising CzechoslovakUprising suppressed
1944Battle of Vercors Republic of VercorsUprising suppressed
1944–1946Ili RebellionIncorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China
1944–1948Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine Jewish Resistance MovementIndependence of Israel from the United Kingdom
1945Prague uprisingWithdrawal of German forces from Prague
1945Levant Crisis Syria
Independence of Syria and Lebanon from French Mandate
1945August RevolutionEstablishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
1945–1949Indonesian National RevolutionIndependence of Indonesia from the Netherlands
1946–1954First Indochina War

Independence of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia from France; partition of Vietnam
1947–1949Malagasy Uprising MadagascarUprising suppressed
1948–1949First Arab–Israeli WarState of Israel established over 78% of the territory of former Mandatory Palestine; Jordan and Egypt control the rest
1948–1951First Balochistan conflict KalatRevolt suppressed
1948–1960Malayan Emergency Malayan Communist Party United KingdomDeafeat of MCP; independence of the Federation of Malaya
1952–1960Mau Mau rebellionDefeat of insurgents; United Kingdom retains control of Kenya
1954–1962Algerian War AlgeriaIndependence of Algeria from France
1954–ongoingInsurgency in Northeast IndiaSeparatist groups in Northeast India IndiaOngoing (low level insurgency)
1955–1959Cyprus EmergencyIndependence of Cyprus from the United Kingdom
1955–1972First Sudanese Civil War Southern SudanConflict between Sudan and South Sudan
1956Hungarian Uprising HungaryUprising suppressed
19591959 Tibetan uprisingUprising suppressed; dissolution of the Tibetan Government
1959–2011Basque conflict Basque National Liberation Movement
Dissolution of the Basque separatist organization ETA
1961–1963Aden Emergency United KingdomIndependence of South Yemen from the United Kingdom
1961–1974Angolan War of Independence AngolaIndependence of Angola from Portugal
1961–1991Eritrean War of IndependenceIndependence of Eritrea from Ethiopia
1961–ongoingPapua conflictOngoing
1962–1990Communist insurgency in Sarawak North Kalimantan Communist Party (1962–1963)
(1963–1990)
Dissolution of NKCP
1963–1974Guinea-Bissau War of IndependenceIndependence of Guinea-Bissau from Portugal
1964–1974Mozambican War of IndependenceIndependence of Mozambique from Portugal
1966–1988Namibian War of Independence NamibiaIndependence of Namibia from South Africa
1967–1970Nigerian Civil WarDefeat and dissolution of the Republic of Biafra
1968–2019Moro conflictDecleration of the peace agreements; establishment of Bangsamoro Transition Authority
1971Bangladesh Liberation WarIndependence of Bangladesh from Pakistan
1974Turkish invasion of CyprusFormation of the Autonomous Turkish Cypriot Administration
1975–ongoingCabinda War CabindaOngoing
1975–1991Western Sahara WarPartition of Western Sahara between Morocco and Sahrawi Republic
1975–1976Indonesian invasion of East Timor East TimorDeafeat of FALINTIL; Annexation of East Timor by Indonesia
1976–2005Insurgency in Aceh Free Aceh MovementSpecial autonomy granted to Aceh; disarmament of GAM
1976–ongoingCorsican conflict National Liberation Front of CorsicaOngoing
1979–19831979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran Iranian Kurdistan
1981–1991Somaliland War of Independence SomalilandDe facto independence of Somaliland from Somalia
1982–ongoingCasamance conflictLow-level conflict since 2014
1983–2005Second Sudanese Civil WarIndependence of South Sudan from Sudan
1983–2009Sri Lankan civil warDefeat of LTTE; Sri Lankan government reestablishes control over entire island
1984–1995Insurgency in Punjab Khalistan movement IndiaInsurgency quelled
1987–1993First Intifada IsraelEstablishment of the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank
1988–1994First Nagorno-Karabakh WarDe facto independence of the Republic of Artsakh from Azerbaijan
1988–1998Bougainville Civil WarBougainville receives autonomy in 2002; voted in favour of independence in 2019
1989–ongoingInsurgency in Jammu and Kashmir Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front IndiaOngoing
1990–1992Transnistria WarDe facto independence of Transnistria from Moldova
1991–1992South Ossetia WarDe facto independence for South Ossetia from Georgia
1991Liberation of KuwaitPart of the Gulf War; Kuwait regains independence
1991–1995Croatian War of IndependenceIndependence of Croatia from Yugoslavia
1991Ten-Day WarIndependence of Slovenia from Yugoslavia
1992–1995Bosnian War[2]
Independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina from SFR Yugoslavia; the new country is divided between two entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska[3]
1992–1993War in AbkhaziaDe facto independence for Abkhazia from Georgia
1994–1996First Chechen WarChechnya maintains de facto independence from Russia
1998–1999Kosovo WarNo legal changes to Yugoslav borders according to the Resolution 1244, but de facto independence of Kosovo from the rest of Yugoslavia
1999–20001999 East Timorese crisisDefeat of pro-Indonesian militia by INTERFET; independence of East Timor after UN administration
1999–2009Second Chechen WarDefeat of Chechnya; reincorporation into Russia
2000–2005Second Intifada IsraelUprising suppressed; Israeli withdrawal from the Gaza Strip
2001–2021Taliban insurgency United StatesWithdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan
2003–2011Iraqi insurgency Ba'ath Party loyalists Sunni insurgents United StatesCoalition failure to defeat the Iraqi insurgents; withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq
2004–ongoingSouth Thailand insurgency PataniOngoing
20122012 Tuareg rebellionUnrecognized independence of Azawad from Mali; renounced its independence in 2013
2014–ongoingRusso-Ukrainian WarAlso called a "rebirth," or a war of independence from Russia by some Ukrainian sources.[4] [5] [6]
2014–2022War in DonbasPart of the Russo-Ukrainian War; recognition of independence by Russia on 21 February 2022; annexed by Russia on September the same year
2017–ongoingAnglophone CrisisOngoing
2020–ongoingWestern Togoland Rebellion Western TogolandOngoing

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Bhat D. The Tribune. RIN mutiny gave a jolt to the British. 2007-09-02.
  2. Web site: ICTY: Conflict between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190107224919/https://www.hrw.org/reports/2004/ij/icty/2.htm . 7 January 2019 . 25 April 2015.
  3. Web site: The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150604163946/http://www.ohr.int/dpa/default.asp?content_id=380 . 4 June 2015 . 28 May 2015 . OHR.int . dmy-all.
  4. Web site: August 24, 2022 . Ukraine will fight to the end: Zelenskyy's Independence Day vow . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220831032051/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/24/ukraine-will-fight-to-the-end-zelenskyys-independence-day-vow . August 31, 2022 . . A new nation appeared in the world on February 24 at 4 o’clock in the morning. It was not born, but reborn..
  5. News: Російсько-український конфлікт: проміжні підсумки. DT.ua. uk. The Russian-Ukrainian conflict: interim results. 23 October 2015. Currently, Ukraine is experiencing the third round of struggle for independence in 100 years.
  6. Web site: "Війна на сході — це війна за незалежність України", — Зеленський в Польщі (відео). FOCUS. 3 May 2021. uk. 23 March 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220323122814/https://focus.ua/uk/ukraine/481723-viyna-na-shodi-ce-viyna-za-nezalezhnist-ukrajini-zelenskiy-v-polshchi-video. "The war in the east is a war for the independence of Ukraine," — Zelenskyy in Poland (video). We have been fighting for independence for many decades. And today the same thing is happening in the east of our country. We are fighting for our independence again..