Structure of the British Army explained

The page contains the current structure of the British Army. The British Army is currently being reorganised to the Future Soldier structure.

The Army is commanded by the Chief of the General Staff (CGS), within Army Headquarters, which is located in Andover, Hampshire. Subordinate to that post, there is a Commander Field Army, located at Trenchard Lines, Wiltshire and a personnel and UK operations command, Home Command, located at Aldershot Garrison, Hampshire.

Introduction

The command structure within the British Army is hierarchical; with divisions and brigades controlling groupings of units from an administrative perspective. Major units are battalion-sized, with minor units being company sized sub-units. In some regiments or corps, battalions are called regiments, and companies are called squadrons or batteries, sub-divided into platoons or troops. All units within the British Army service are either Regular (full-time) or Army Reserve (full-time or part-time), or a combination with sub-units of each type.

Naming conventions of units differ for traditional British historical reasons, creating a significant opportunity for confusion; an infantry battalion is equivalent to a cavalry regiment. An infantry regiment is an administrative and ceremonial organisation only, and may include several battalions. For operational tasks, a battle group will be formed around a combat unit, supported by units or sub-units from other areas. An example would be a squadron of tanks attached to an armoured infantry battle group, together with a reconnaissance troop, artillery battery, and engineering support.

Since the 1957 Defence White Paper, which re-roled British forces in Germany in favour of nuclear weapons and the end of National Service, the size of the British Army has consistently shrunk. Since 1990, reductions have been almost constant, through succeeding defence reviews: Options for Change (1990), Front Line First (1994), the Strategic Defence Review (1998), Delivering Security in a Changing World (2003), the Army 2020 Restructuring (2010), the Army 2020 Refine (2015), and Defence in a Competitive Age (2021).

The British military (those parts of the British Armed Forces tasked with land warfare, as opposed to the naval forces)[1] historically was divided into a number of 'forces', of which the British Army (also referred to historically as the 'Regular Army' and the 'Regular Force') was only one. The oldest of these organisations was the Militia Force (also referred to as the 'Constitutional Force'),[2] whereby the Reserve Forces units mostly lost their own identities, and became numbered Territorial Force sub-units of regular British Army corps or regiments (the Home Militia had followed this path, with the Militia Infantry units becoming numbered battalions of British Army regiments, and the Militia Artillery integrating within Royal Artillery territorial divisions in 1882 and 1889, and becoming parts of the Royal Field Artillery or Royal Garrison Artillery in 1902 (though retaining their traditional corps names), but was not merged into the Territorial Force when it was created in 1908 (by the merger of the Yeomanry and Volunteer Force). The Militia was instead renamed the 'Special Reserve',[3] and was permanently suspended after the First World War (although a handful of Militia units survived in the United Kingdom, its colonies, and the Crown Dependencies). Unlike the Home, Imperial Fortress, and Crown Dependency Militia and Volunteer units and forces that continued to exist after the First World War, although parts of the British military, most were not considered parts of the British Army[4] [5] unless they received Army Funds (as was the case for the Bermuda Militia Artillery and the Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps),[6] which was generally only the case for those in the Channel Islands or the Imperial Fortress colonies: Nova Scotia (before Canadian confederation), Bermuda, Gibraltar, and Malta).[7] [8]

Army Headquarters

Through a major army reorganisation, effective 1 November 2011, the Chief of the General Staff took direct command of the Army through a new structure, based at Andover and known as 'Army Headquarters'.[9]

Reporting to the Chief of the General Staff are four lieutenant-generals: the Deputy Chief of the General Staff (DCGS), the Commander Home Command (CHC), the Commander Allied Rapid Reaction Corps (CARRC) and the Commander Field Army (CFA). The CFA is responsible for generating and preparing forces for current and contingency operations; they command 1st (United Kingdom) Division, 3rd (United Kingdom) Division, and Joint Aviation Command (JAC).[10]

Allied Rapid Reaction Corps

Headquarters, Allied Rapid Reaction Corps, at Imjin Barracks, Innsworth

104 Theatre Sustainment Brigade

1st Signal Brigade

8 Engineer Brigade[11]

7th Air Defence Group

Field Army

Field Army gained initial operating capability (IOC) on 30 November 2015, and was formed as a result of the 2015 Army Command Review. The Commander Field Army commands all the formations of the British Army's forces for operational tasks, its collective training, and tactical doctrine organisations, and includes the vast majority of the Army's fighting equipment.[12]

The units under Field Army are:

1st (UK) Division

3rd (UK) Division

Field Army Troops

1st (United Kingdom) Division

1st (UK) Division Information Manoeuvre Units

16 Air Assault Brigade Combat Team

4th Light Brigade Combat Team

7th Light Mechanised Brigade Combat Team

19th Brigade

102 Operational Sustainment Brigade

1st Military Police Brigade

3rd (United Kingdom) Division

3rd (UK) Division Information Manoeuvre Units

1st Deep Recce Strike Brigade Combat Team[21]

12th Armoured Brigade Combat Team

20th Armoured Brigade Combat Team

25 (Close Support) Engineer Group

101 Operational Sustainment Brigade

7 Signal Group

Field Army Troops

Cyber and Electro Magnetic Activities Effects Group[26]

Surveillance Group

Understand Group

Land Warfare Centre

2nd Medical Group

Army Special Operations Brigade

77th Brigade

11th Brigade

Joint Aviation Command

Joint Aviation Command (JAC) brings tri-service helicopters and unmanned aerial systems together under one command, providing lift, find and attack capabilities.

The British Army contribution to the Joint Aviation Command consists of:

1st Aviation Brigade Combat Team

Home Command

See also: Commander Home Command. Home Command consists of:

Commander Home Command,[47] is also the Standing Joint Commander (UK) for responsible for the planning and execution of civil contingency operations within the UK landmass and territorial waters.[48] [49]

Headquarters London District

Headquarters Regional Command

See main article: Regional Command (British Army). Headquarters Regional Command at Montgomery House, Aldershot is commanded by a Major-General. It is the Army's HQ for the UK, Nepal and Brunei, administering Army bases in the UK and providing civil engagement. Headquarters Regional Command is also the operational command for the Army Cadets.

38th (Irish) Brigade

51st Infantry Brigade and Headquarters Scotland

160th (Welsh) Brigade

Headquarters Centre

Headquarters South East

Headquarters North

Headquarters South West

Army Recruiting and Initial Training Command

See main article: Army Recruiting and Initial Training Command. Army Recruiting and Initial Training Command was established on 1 April 2018,[55] and oversees the Army Recruiting Group, which includes the National Recruitment Centre (NRC) and local Army Careers Centres, and is staffed by a mixture of Capita staff and Army personnel.[56]

Army Training Units (ATU) are commanded and staffed by Army Reservists. Along with Regular Army Training Regiments (ATR), they provide Basic Training to Army Reserve recruits, except those joining 4 PARA and The Honourable Artillery Company. The current ATUs include:

Army Personnel Centre

The Centre is located in Glasgow. The APC's Chief Executive is the Military Secretary, who also holds the post of General Officer, Scotland. The APC deals with personnel issues and contact with outside agencies.

Royal Military Academy Sandhurst Group

Commandant Sandhurst is a Major-General.[63]

Army Adventurous Training Group

British Army Training and Support Unit Belize

British Army Germany

Order of precedence

See also: British Army order of precedence. The British Army parades according to the order of precedence, from right to left, with the unit at the extreme right being highest on the order. The Household Cavalry has the highest precedence, unless the Royal Horse Artillery parades with its guns.

British Army units in other areas of the British Armed Forces

Strategic Command

Navy Command

Air Command

See also

References and sources

Sources
Citations

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Naval and Military pensions and grants. Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 12 February 1917.
  2. Web site: Militia Bill. Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 23 April 1852.
  3. Web site: THE TERRITORIAL FORCES ACT — THE MILITIA. Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 18 February 1908.
  4. Web site: The British Guiana Volunteer Force. www.StabroekNews.com. Stabroek News. 1 October 2008.
  5. Web site: Batteries, Companies, Regiments, and Corps (Land). www.ColonialForces.org. CFSG (Q) Inc.
  6. Web site: Army 2020 Update . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140610215557/http://www.army.mod.uk/documents/general/Army2020_Report.pdf . 10 June 2014 . 3 February 2016 . www.army.mod.uk . British Army.
  7. Web site: Bermuda in 1914. livelb.NationalArchives.Gov.uk. The National Archives. Kew, England. 11 January 2022. 17 June 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210617014624/https://livelb.nationalarchives.gov.uk/first-world-war/a-global-view/the-caribbean/bermuda/. dead.
  8. Web site: ARMY ESTIMATES, 1899–1900. Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 17 March 1899.
  9. Web site: British Army - Higher Command. www.army.mod.uk. British Army - Ministry of Defence. https://web.archive.org/web/20130605053921/http://www.army.mod.uk/structure/142.aspx. dead. 5 June 2013. 5 October 2021.
  10. Web site: Army Structure. www.army.mod.uk. British Army - Ministry of Defence. 24 May 2018.
  11. Web site: SOLDIER - October 2024 edition . 2024-10-06 . edition.pagesuite-professional.co.uk . 7 . en-US.
  12. Web site: 23 November 2015 . Flag raised to signal new HQ Field Army . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151124164925/http://www.army.mod.uk/news/28058.aspx . 24 November 2015 . 26 August 2019 . www.army.mod.uk . British Army.
  13. Web site: 12 November 2024 . 1st (United Kingdom) Division The British Army .
  14. Web site: 2023-09-12 . General Sir Patrick Sanders DSEI 2023 Keynote Speech . 2023-11-07 . GOV.UK . en.
  15. Light Cavalry is equipped with Jackal 2
  16. Light Fires Regiments are equipped with 24x L118 (105mm) Light Guns
  17. Light Mechanised Infantry is either equipped with Foxhound or Mastiff
  18. Web site: 2022-07-24 . Army establishes first reserve brigade since Second World War . 2024-11-12 . www.forcesnews.com . en.
  19. Web site: 6 Regiment RLC. 2020-07-29. www.army.mod.uk. en-GB.
  20. Web site: 31 July 2019 . Army restructures to confront evolving threats . 1 August 2019 . UK Government.
  21. Web site: 12 November 2024 . 3rd (United Kingdom) Division The British Army .
  22. Armoured Fires Regiments are equipped with 24x AS-90 155mm Guns
  23. Deep Fires regiments are equipped with M270 MLRS
  24. Equipped with Challenger 3
  25. Armoured Infantry Battalions are equipped with Warrior AFVs, by 2025 all Armoured Infantry Battalions will become Mechanised Infantry equipped with Boxer MIV
  26. Web site: 12 November 2024 . Field Army Troops The British Army .
  27. Web site: Field Army . 2022-07-26 . www.army.mod.uk . en-GB.
  28. Future Soldier Guide, p. 84
  29. Web site: Wharton . James . 2024-09-19 . CRTC: The team making sure the Army's always ready to fight and fit to deploy . 2024-11-17 . www.forcesnews.com . en.
  30. Web site: 2022-11-08 . 2 YORKS – Infantry Capability Pathfinders for the British Army . 2024-11-17 . The Royal Yorkshire Regiment . en-GB.
  31. Web site: 17 November 2024 . Combat Manoeuvre Centre The British Army . British Army.
  32. Web site: Future Soldier: Transforming the British Army . 2023-11-10 . GOV.UK . en.
  33. Web site: AAC Middle Wallop - Aviation Photography. 21 November 2020.
  34. Web site: 47th Regiment Royal Artillery - Army Hockey Association. 21 November 2020.
  35. Web site: Adams . Harry . 2024-05-15 . New Joint Aviation Command brings helicopters and drone systems under one roof . 2024-11-16 . www.forcesnews.com . en.
  36. Web site: Aviation – British Army. 21 November 2020.
  37. News: Army helicopter pair died 'after hitting Kingscott power lines'. 23 April 2012. BBC News. 21 November 2020.
  38. Web site: Army Aviation Centre, Middle Wallop 2019. 21 November 2020.
  39. Web site: 14 November 2024 . Army Air Corps The British Army .
  40. Web site: Regional Command . . 19 August 2019 . army.mod.uk . British Army . 19 August 2019 .
  41. British Army, Transforming the British Army: An Update: July 2013, pp. 22–23.
  42. Web site: Supporting Organisations . . 26 October 2020 . armycadets.com . Army Cadets . 26 October 2020 .
  43. Web site: Headquarters London District . . 19 August 2019 . army.mod.uk . British Army . 19 August 2019. .
  44. Web site: Digital Army: Using Social Media in the British Army . . 1 September 2018 . army.mod.uk . British Army . 19 August 2019 .
  45. Web site: Army Personnel Centre . . 19 August 2019 . army.mod.uk . British Army . 19 August 2019.
  46. Web site: RMAS Sandhurst . . 19 August 2019 . army.mod.uk . British Army . 19 August 2019.
  47. Web site: Commander Home Command.
  48. Web site: Aldershot becomes home to Headquarter Standing Joint Commander (UK) • the Military Times. 2017-10-24. 22 October 2019. 22 October 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191022115152/https://www.themilitarytimes.co.uk/uncategorised/aldershot-becomes-home-to-headquarter-standing-joint-commander-uk/. dead.
  49. Web site: Who we are. Home Command. British Army. 18 August 2019.
  50. The Guards Regiments will rotate in roles across a sixteen year cycle. Eight years in the light role under 4 BCT, a further four years in the security force assistance role and four years on public duties. The exception to this, is the Scots Guards who will remain Light Mechanised Infantry and rotate through Cyprus every four years.
  51. Web site: Irish Guards form two new Companies with historic links for future role .
  52. British Army, Soldier Magazine: August 2021, p. 11
  53. News: . 28 June 2019 . Wiltshire Police pledge to be a forces friendly employer . Wiltshire Police . Devizes . 19 August 2019 . 19 August 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190819035430/https://www.wiltshire.police.uk/article/4689/Wiltshire-Police-pledge-to-be-a-forces-friendly-employer . dead .
  54. Web site: . 25 May 2017. Army Update: Commander HQ South West Colonel James Coote DSO OBE. 22 August 2019. swlep.co.uk. Swindon & Wiltshire LEP.
  55. Web site: Army 2020 Refine changes since 2017 . 2019-10-10 . Dropbox . en.
  56. Parliamentary Question 164313, Army Reserve Recruitment, asked by Mrs Madeleine Moon (Bridgend), 16 July 2018, Hansard Extracts https://www.theyworkforyou.com/wrans/?id=2018-07-16.164311.h
  57. News: Alpha training at Altcar. 11 August 2014. North West and Isle of Man Reserve Forces and Cadets Association. 1 November 2020.
  58. News: ARMY TRAINING UNIT (NORTHERN IRELAND). 21 March 2016. Northern Ireland Reserve Forces and Cadets Association. 1 November 2020.
  59. Web site: Army Training Unit - Northern Ireland, Ballykinler (2020). 1 November 2020.
  60. Web site: The Army footprint in Scotland consists of. 1 November 2020.
  61. News: Quick march into the reserves for new recruits who love a challenge. 1 August 2020. The Scotsman. 1 November 2020.
  62. News: Local accountant to command Army Training Unit (West). 3 January 2020. BDaily News. 1 November 2020.
  63. Generals January 2020 . Mackie . Colin . 5 January 2020 . gulabin.com . 5 January 2020 . .
  64. Web site: Army Adventurous Training Group . Ministry of Defence. 5 October 2024.
  65. Web site: The British Army in Germany . . 25 October 2020 . army.mod.uk . British Army . 25 October 2020 .
  66. Web site: 23 February 2020. British Army armoured vehicle facility opens Germany. 9 March 2020. Forces.net.
  67. Web site: 1 October 2018. Amphibious Engineers Key Asset in Germany. 9 March 2020. Warfare Today.
  68. Web site: 26 July 2018. Clarity On The Future Of British Troops In Germany. 9 March 2020. Forces.net.
  69. Web site: 2014. Adventurous Training Foundation Delivery. 9 March 2020. Soldier Magazine.
  70. Web site: Cacoyannis . Sofie . 2024-08-09 . End of an era: Duke of Lancaster's Regiment flag lowered in Episkopi after two years . 2024-10-13 . www.forcesnews.com . en.
  71. Web site: Staff Officers' Handbook 2014 . pdfcoffee.com . 26 September 2022 . en . 2.6.8_1.
  72. Web site: Royal Air Force. Royal Air Force.
  73. Web site: Defence School of Communications Information Systems (DSCIS). Ministry of Defence. 21 December 2022.
  74. Web site: Defence School of Electronic and Mechanical Engineering. Ministry of Defence. 21 December 2022.