List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals explained

This is a list of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals.

Plants

See main article: List of psychoactive plants and Psychoactive plant. Psychoactive plants include, but are not limited to, the following examples:

• Cannabis: cannabinoids
• Tobacco: nicotine and beta-carboline alkaloids
• Coca: cocaine
• Opium Poppy: morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine, noscapine, and narceine
• Salvia divinorum: salvinorin A
• Khat: cathine and cathinone
• Kava: kavalactones
• Nutmeg: myristicin
• Nightshade (Solanaceae) plants containing hyoscyamine, atropine, and scopolamine:
  • Datura
  • Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna)
  • Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger)
  • Mandrake (Mandragora officinarum)
  • Other Solanaceae

• Psychoactive cacti, which contain mainly mescaline:
  • Peyote
  • Other Lophophora
  • Peruvian Torch cactus
  • San Pedro cactus
    • Trichocereus macrogonus var. macrogonus (syn. Echinopsis peruviana)
    • Trichocereus macrogonus var. pachanoi (syn. Echinopsis pachanoi)
    • Trichocereus bridgesii
  • Other Echinopsis
• Mild stimulant and vasoconstrictor plants that contain mainly caffeine and theobromine:
  • Coffee
  • Tea (also contains theanine)
  • Guarana
  • Yerba Mate
  • Cocoa
  • Kola

• Other plants:
  • Mimosa hostilis: DMT
  • Chacruna: DMT, NMT
  • Cebil and Yopo: DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenin
  • Mucuna pruriens
    • • Morning glory species, notably Hawaiian Baby Woodrose: lysergic acid amide Monotropa uniflora: Grayanotoxin (also found in Rhododendron pollen and mad honey)
  • Iboga: ibogaine, noribogaine, ibogamine, voacangine, 18-methoxycoronaridine
  • Ephedra: ephedrine
  • Acacia species
  • Damiana
  • Calea zacatechichi
  • Silene capensis
  • Valerian
  • Areca nut: arecaidine and arecoline
  • Kratom: mitragynine, mitraphylline, 7-hydroxymitragynine, raubasine, and corynantheidine
  • Rauvolfia serpentina: rauwolscine
  • Rauvolfia vomitoria
  • Nymphaea caerulea (Egyptian lotus or blue lotus): apomorphine, nuciferine
  • Yohimbe: yohimbine
  • Kanna: mesembrine and mesembrenone
  • Glaucium flavum (yellow horned poppy, yellow hornpoppy or sea poppy): glaucine
  • California poppies: Protopine and Californidine

Fungi

• Psilocybin mushrooms: psilocybin, psilocin, aeruginascin, baeocystin, and norbaeocystin
• Amanita muscaria: ibotenic acid, muscimol, and muscarine
• Amanita pantherina
• Dictyonema huaorani: psilocybin, DMT, and 5-MeO-DMT
• Collybia maculata: collybolide^[1] (unlikely to be psychoactive)

Animals

• Colorado River toad (Sonoran Desert toad or Bufo alvarius): 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin
• Asiatic toad and certain tree frogs (Osteocephalus taurinus, Osteocephalus oophagus, and Osteocephalus langsdorfii): bufotenin
• Tree frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa, notably P. bicolor: opioid peptides, including deltorphin, deltorphin I, deltorphin II, and dermorphin
• Hallucinogenic fish
• Ocean life containing DMT analogs:
  • Smenospongia aurea

5-Bromo-DMT^{[2] [3]}

• • Smenospongia echina

5,6-Dibromo-DMT

• • Verongula rigida

5-Bromo-DMT, 5,6-Dibromo-DMT, et al.

• • Eudistoma fragum

5-Bromo-DMT

• • Paramuricea clavata

DMT, NMT

• • Villogorgia rubra

NMT

See also

• Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record
• Hallucinogenic fish
• List of plants used for smoking
• List of psychoactive substances and precursor chemicals derived from genetically modified organisms
• List of psychoactive substances derived from artificial fungi biotransformation
• List of substances used in rituals
• Medicinal fungi

References

1. Gupta . Achla . Gomes . Ivone . Bobeck . Erin N. . Fakira . Amanda K. . Massaro . Nicholas P. . Sharma . Indrajeet . Cavé . Adrien . Hamm . Heidi E. . Parello . Joseph . Devi . Lakshmi A. . Collybolide is a novel biased agonist of κ-opioid receptors with potent antipruritic activity . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 24 May 2016 . 113 . 21 . 6041–6046 . 10.1073/pnas.1521825113 . 27162327 . 4889365 . 2016PNAS..113.6041G . free .
2. Book: Shulgin, Alexander . TIHKAL: The Continuation . 1997 . Transform Press . 9780963009692 . refTIHKAL.
3. Web site: Sea DMT . Morris H, Wallach J . 2013-03-26 . Vice Magazine . 2019-01-05 . dmy-all .