List of power stations in Hawaii explained

This is a list of electricity-generating power stations in the U.S. state of Hawaii, sorted by type and name. In 2022, Hawaii had a total summer capacity of 2,906 MW through all of its power plants, and a net generation of 9,337 GWh.[1] The utility-scale electrical energy generation mix in 2023 was 77% petroleum-derived fuels, 6.8% solar, 6.8% wind, 3.7% geothermal, 3% biomass, 0.9% hydroelectric, and 1.9% other. Hawaii's one geothermal plant, which previously supplied about 2% of the state's and 10% of the Big Island's electricity, was offline during 2019 to repair damage from the 2018 lower Puna eruption. The plant came back online in late 2020, slowly ramping up to its full operational level.[2]

Small-scale distributed solar including customer-owned photovoltaic panels delivered an additional 1,409 GWh to the six separate electrical grids serving Hawaii's major islands in 2023. This was more than twice the amount generated by the state's utility-scale photovoltaic plants. Considering large and small installations together, solar produced almost one-fifth of Hawaii's electricity in 2023. In 2021, solar energy accounted for three-fifths of Hawaii's electricity generation by renewables.

The state's renewable portfolio standard is the most ambitious in the U.S. at 30% of capacity by 2020, ramping to 100% by 2045. The large dependence on imported petroleum liquids contributes to Hawaii having the highest average retail electricity prices of any U.S. state.[2] The island of Hawaii generates 52.1% renewable energy and reached a peak of 92.3% on April 25, 2023.

Fossil-fuel power stations

Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration serves as a general reference.

Coal

Hawaii closed its last coal-fired power plant in September 2022.[3] AES Hawai‘i was a 180 MW coal-fired power plant.[4]

Petroleum

Name Location Coordinates Capacity
(MW) 		Technology Year
Opened 		Refs
Campbell Industrial Park Honolulu County 21.3025°N -158.1017°W 113 2009
Gay Robinson Kauai County 21.9178°N -159.6294°W 1.0 Reciprocating Engine (x2) 2010
Hamakua Energy Plant Hawaii County 20.0939°N -155.4711°W 66 2000
Hana Substation Maui County 20.7658°N -155.9961°W 2.0 Reciprocating Engine (x2) 2001
Hawaii Cogen Honolulu County 21.3117°N -158.1139°W 12.2 Simple Cycle (x4) 1990/2011
Kahe Honolulu County 21.3564°N -158.1289°W 609.7 Steam Turbine (x6) 1963-1981
Kahului Maui County 20.8969°N -156.4627°W 34 Steam Turbine (x4) 1954-1966
Kalaeloa Cogen Plant Honolulu County 21.3021°N -158.0963°W 299.4 2x1 Combined Cycle 1989/1991
Kanoelehua Hawaii County 19.7052°N -155.0625°W 21 Simple Cycle,
Reciprocating Engine 		1962,
1972
Kapaia Power Station
(KIUC) 		Kauai County 21.9965°N -159.3758°W 39.1 Simple Cycle 2002 [5] [6]
Keahole Hawaii County 19.7317°N -156.0283°W 89.1 Reciprocating Engine (x3),
Simple Cycle,
2x1 Combined Cycle 		1984/1988,
1989,
2004/2009
Maalaea Maui County 20.8012°N -156.493°W 229.8 Reciprocating Engine (x15),
2x1 Combined Cycle (x2) 		1971–1989,
1993/2006
Miki Basin Maui County 20.79°N -156.9342°W 10.2 Reciprocating Engine (x8) 1990/1996
Palaau Power Hybrid Maui County 21.106°N -157.0647°W 14 Reciprocating Engine (x9),
Simple Cycle 		1985–1996,
Port Allen Kauai County 21.8996°N -159.585°W 99.5 Reciprocating Engine (x9),
Steam Turbine,
Simple Cycle (x2) 		1964–1991,
1969,
1973/1977 		[7]
Puna Hawaii County 19.6316°N -155.0313°W 39.1 Steam Turbine,
Simple Cycle 		1988,
1992
Tesoro Hawaii Honolulu County 21.3033°N -158.0914°W 20 Simple Cycle 1982
Waiau Honolulu County 21.389°N -157.9615°W 474.6 Steam Turbine (x6),
Simple Cycle (x2) 		1947–1968,
1973
Waimea Hawaii County 20.0252°N -155.6955°W 7.5 Reciprocating Engine (x3) 1970/1972
W H Hill Hawaii County 19.7041°N -155.0607°W 37.1 Reciprocating Engine (x3) 1965/1974
Campbell burned biomass liquids exclusively from 2011 to 2017 and shifted to primarily burn distillate fuel oil by 2019.[8]
Kapaia station's GE LM2500 gas turbine primarily burned jet fuel from its commissioning until 2008 and has since shifted to burn a mixture of other petroleum distillates.[9]

Retired

Name Location Coordinates Capacity
(MW) 		Technology Years Refs
Honolulu Oahu County 113 1954-2014 [10]
Shipman Hawaii County 15.2 1920s-2015

Natural gas

Hawaii had no utility-scale power plants primarily fueled by fossil gas in 2024.

Renewable power stations

Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration serves as a general reference.

Biomass and municipal waste

Name Location Coordinates Capacity
(MW) 		Primary Fuel Technology Year
Opened 		Refs
Biomass to Energy Facility, Kauai 21.9653°N -159.4606°W 6.7 biofuel,
wood 		Reciprocating Engine (x2),
Steam Turbine 		2014,
2016 		[11]
H Power Honolulu County 21.3°N -158.0986°W 97.3 Municipal Solid Waste
(biogenic and non-biogenic) 		Steam Turbine (x2) 1989/2013 [12]
Honolulu County 21.3364°N -157.9194°W 10 biofuel Reciprocating Engine (x4) 2017 [13]
Schofield Generating Station 21.4785°N -158.0581°W 50.4 biofuel Reciprocating Engine (x6) 2018 [14]

Geothermal

The plant was shut down shortly after the start of the May 2018 lower Puna eruption.[15] [16] The plant was repaired and back online by late 2020.

Hydroelectric

Name Location Coordinates Capacity
(MW) 		Number of
Turbines 		Year
Opened 		Refs
Gay Robinson Kauai County 21.9178°N -159.6294°W 8.7 2 1982/2019
Kaheka Hydro 20.8886°N -156.3569°W 4.5 3 1925
Kalaheo Hydro Kauai County 21.9361°N -159.5289°W 2.0 1 2016
Paia Hydroelectric Plant Maui County20.8867°N -156.3378°W 1.3 1 1912
Puueo Hawaii County 19.7265°N -155.0908°W 3.1 2 1918/2005 [17]
Waiau Hydro Hawaii County 19.7203°N -155.1189°W 1.0 2 1921/1928
Hawaii County 19.713°N -155.1486°W 10.4 2 1993
Wainiha Hydro Kauai County 22.1963°N -159.5561°W 3.6 2 1906/2010

Solar photovoltaic

See also: Solar power in Hawaii.

Name Location Coordinates Capacity
(MWAC) 		Year
Opened 		Refs
Aloha Solar Energy Fund 1 and 2 Honolulu County 21.4069°N -158.1514°W 10 2017
EE Waianae Solar Project Honolulu County 21.452°N -158.1879°W 27.6 2017
Kalaeloa Renewable Energy Park Honolulu County 21.3281°N -158.04°W 5.0 2014
Kalaeloa Solar Two Honolulu County 21.32°N -158.0869°W 5.0 2012
Kapaa Photovoltaic Project Kauai County 22.0804°N -159.3316°W 1.0 2010
Kapolei Solar Energy Park Honolulu County 21.3211°N -158.1175°W 1.0 2012
Kawailoa Solar Honolulu County 21.624°N -158.055°W 49 2019
Kekaha Solar Kauai County 22.0006°N -159.7621°W 14 2019
Kihei Solar Farm Maui County 20.7937°N -156.4339°W 2.9 2018
KIUC Kapaia PV Kauai County 21.9973°N -159.3792°W 13 2017
KRS I Anahola Solar Hybrid Kauai County 22.1317°N -159.3031°W 12 2015
KRS II Koloa Solar Kauai County 21.9008°N -159.45°W 12 2014
Kuihelani Solar Maui County 60 2024 [18]
Ku'ia Solar Maui County 20.886°N -156.6579°W 2.9 2018 [19]
Kūpono Solar Honolulu County 42 2024
Lanai Solar-Electric Plant Maui County 20.7667°N -156.9233°W 1.2 2008
Lanikuhana Solar LLC Honolulu County 21.4287°N -158.0236°W 14.7 2019
Lawai Solar Hybrid Kauai County 21.9082°N -159.492°W 20 2018
Mauka FIT 1 Honolulu County 3.5 2020
Mililani Solar I Honolulu County 39 2022 [20] [21]
Pearl City Peninsula Solar Park Honolulu County 21.3756°N -157.9681°W 1.0 2012
Port Allen Solar Kauai County 21.9019°N -159.5817°W 6.0 2012
Waikoloa Solar + Storage Hawaii County302023[22] [23]
Waihonu North Solar Honolulu County 21.4706°N -158.0133°W 5.0 2016
Waihonu South Solar Honolulu County 21.4689°N -158.0164°W 1.5 2016
Waipio Solar Honolulu County 21.456°N -157.982°W 49.9 2019
Waiawa Solar Honolulu County 36 2023
West Loch Solar One Honolulu County 21.3403°N -158.0151°W 20 2019

Wind

See also: Wind power in Hawaii.

Wind power in Hawaii
Name Location Coordinates data-sort-type="number"Capacity
(MW) !		Number of
Turbines 		Year
Opened 		Refs
Auwahi Wind Energy Hybrid Maui County 20.596°N -156.318°W 24 8 2012
Hawaii County 20.2573°N -155.8504°W 10.6 16 2006
Kaheawa Wind PowerMaui County 20.8142°N -156.551°W 30 20 2006
Maui County 20.7947°N -156.536°W 21 14 2012
Honolulu County 21.681°N -157.975°W 30 12 2011
Kawailoa WindHonolulu County 21.6103°N -158.0408°W 69 30 2012
Hawaii County 18.9742°N -155.6914°W 21 14 2007
Lalamilo WellsHawaii County3.352017[24]
Honolulu County 21.6719°N -157.9523°W2482021[25]

Nuclear power stations

Hawaii had no utility-scale power plants fueled by fissile material in 2024.

Battery storage facilities

Name Location Coordinates Discharge
Capacity
(MW) 		Storage
Capacity
(MWh) 		Year
Opened 		Refs
Anahola Solar Hybrid Kauai County 22.1317°N -159.3031°W 6 4.6 2015 [26]
Auwahi Wind Storage
(A123 BESS) 		Maui County 20.596°N -156.318°W 11 4.4 2012 [27]
Campbell Industrial Park BESSHonolulu County
(Kapolei) 		21.3064°N -158.105°W 1.0 0.25 2016 [28]
Hawi Wind BESSHawaii County 20.2573°N -155.8504°W 1.0 0.25 2012
Kaheawa Wind II Storage Maui County 20.7947°N -156.536°W 10 20 2012
KIUC Kapaia PV Storage
(Tesla BESS) 		Kauai County 21.9973°N -159.3792°W 13 52 2017 [29]
Kapolei Energy Storage Honolulu County 185 565 2023 [30]
Kūpono Solar Storage Honolulu County 168 2024
Kuihelani Solar Storage Maui County 240 2024 [31]
Lawai Solar Storage
(AES Lawai Solar Hybrid) 		Kauai County 21.9082°N -159.492°W 20 100 2018 [32]
Palaau Power Hybrid
(Molokaii BESS) 		Maui County 21.106°N -157.0647°W 2.0 0.375 2017 [33]
Waiawa Solar Storage Honolulu County 36 144 2023 [34]
Waikoloa Solar + Storage Hawaii County 30 120 2023 [35]
Battery storage power stations stabilize an electrical grid against fluctuations in solar and wind generation for periods extending from less than a minute to as long as several hours.[36]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Hawaii Electricity Profile . U.S. Energy Information Administration . 2021-01-03.
  2. Web site: Hawaii Electricity Profile Analysis . U.S. EIA . 2022-07-18.
  3. News: Jones . Caleb . September 1, 2022 . Hawaii quits coal in bid to fight climate change . . live . September 4, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220904095948/https://apnews.com/article/technology-hawaii-david-ige-climate-and-environment-4bd398c024f1e5db2faad2dfb6510de0 . September 4, 2022.
  4. https://www.hawaiianelectric.com/documents/about_us/company_facts/power_facts.pdf Power Facts
  5. Web site: Kapaia Power Station . ostg.com . 2021-02-04.
  6. Web site: Kapaia Power Station Oil Plant . Global Energy Observatory . 2021-02-04.
  7. Web site: Port Allen Oil Power Plant. 2020-02-21 . IndustryAbout.
  8. Web site: Campbell Industrial Park . EIA . 2021-02-04.
  9. Web site: Kapaia Power Station . EIA . 2021-02-04.
  10. https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/story/23330542/hawaiian-electric-to-deactivate-honolulu-power-plant/ Hawaiian Electric to deactivate Honolulu Power Plant
  11. Web site: Firing up biomass facility . 2020-02-20 . thegardenisland.com.
  12. Web site: Reworld Honolulu . 2024-10-21 . Reworld.
  13. Web site: Daniel K. Inouye International Airport Emergency Power Facility In Full Operation . 2020-02-20 . Hawaii.gov.
  14. Web site: Hawaiian Electric, U.S. Army announce completion of Schofield Generating Station . 2020-02-20 . Hawaiian Electric Company.
  15. News: Lava speeds up, forcing evacuations and covering well at Puna Geothermal plant. May 27, 2018 . .
  16. News: Puna Geothermal Venture faces challenges amid uncertainty. July 8, 2018 . .
  17. Web site: Hydroelectricity. www.hawaiianelectric.com. en. 2018-02-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20180201193049/https://www.hawaiianelectric.com/clean-energy-hawaii/clean-energy-facts/renewable-energy-sources/hydroelectricity. 2018-02-01. live.
  18. https://www.staradvertiser.com/2024/06/10/breaking-news/aes-hawaii-begins-operations-of-mauis-largest-solar-facility/ AES Hawai‘i begins operations of the state’s largest solar facility
  19. https://www.hawaiianelectric.com/documents/about_us/company_facts/power_facts.pdf Power Facts
  20. Web site: Hill . Joshua S . Hawaii approves six low-priced solar and battery storage projects . RenewEconomy . 2 April 2019 . en-AU . 1 April 2019.
  21. https://www.solarpowerworldonline.com/2022/08/clearway-completes-39-mw-solar-156-mwh-storage-project-on-oahu/ Clearway completes 39-MW solar, 156-MWh storage project on O’ahu
  22. Web site: 2023-05-03 . First large-scale solar farm on Hawaiʻi Island now activated . 2023-08-21 . Hawai'i Public Radio . en.
  23. Web site: Waikoloa Solar + Storage Project . 2023-08-21 . AES . en.
  24. Web site: California company plans to build $13M wind farm on Hawaii's Big Island . 2022-03-11 . www.bizjournals.com.
  25. Web site: Nā Pua Makani . 2024-01-19 . www.aes-hawaii.com.
  26. Web site: Kauai utility to start work on $54M Anahola solar farm this spring. 2020-02-25 . bizjournals.com.
  27. Web site: Auwahi Wind . Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources . 2019-05-01.
  28. Web site: In pursuit of 100% renewables, HECO installs 1st utility-scale battery on Oahu . Utility Dive . 2016-09-28 . Robert Walton.
  29. Web site: Tesla built a huge solar energy plant on the island of Kauai. 2020-02-25 . theverge.com.
  30. https://www.utilitydive.com/news/plus-power-energy-storage-online-hawaii-HECO-rolling-blackouts/704561/ Pioneering 565-MWh battery storage facility now online in Hawai’i, Plus Power says
  31. https://www.staradvertiser.com/2024/06/10/breaking-news/aes-hawaii-begins-operations-of-mauis-largest-solar-facility/ AES Hawai‘i begins operations of the state’s largest solar facility
  32. Web site: AES Completes Record-Breaking Solar and Battery Plant on Kauai. 2020-02-25 . greentechmedia.com.
  33. Web site: $3.1M Battery Proposed for Power Plant . 2020-02-25 . themolokaidispatch.com.
  34. https://www.hawaiipublicradio.org/local-news/2023-01-13/completed-central-o%CA%BBahu-solar-and-battery-farm-said-to-benefit-7-600-homes New central Oʻahu solar and battery farm said to benefit 7,600 homes
  35. https://www.hawaiianelectric.com/aes-corps-waikoloa-solar--storage-project-online AES Corp.’s Waikoloa Solar + Storage Project online
  36. Web site: Grid Modernization . Hawaii State Energy Office . 2021-02-04.

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