List of mosasaur-bearing stratigraphic units explained

This is a list of stratigraphic units from which mosasaur body fossils have been recovered. Units listed are all either formation rank or higher (e.g. group). Formations are listed by continent, and alphabetically within the individual lists.

Africa

NameAgeLocationGenera and species
Akrabou FormationTuronian
Bentiaba River[1] Maastrichtian
Bololo[5] Maastrichtian
Dukamaje Formation[6] Maastrichtian
Duwi Formation[8] Maastrichtian
Farin-Doutchi Formation[10] Maastrichtian
Lapurr SandstoneCampanian-MaastrichtianMosasauria indet.[11]
Ouled Abdoun BasinMaastrichtian
Itombe Formation[16] Coniacian
Umzamba Formation[17] Santonian

Antarctica

NameAgeLocationGenera and species
López de Bertodano Formation[18] Maastrichtian
Santa Marta Formation[20] Late Campanian
Snow Hill Island Formation[21] Maastrichtian

Asia

NameAgeLocationGenera and species
Adaffa Formation[22] Early Campanian
Amminadav Formation[23] Early Cenomanian
Davutlar Formation[24] Late Maastrichtian
Hakobuchi FormationEarly Maastrichtian
Izumi Group[25] Late Campanian - Maastrichtian
Kashima Formation[27] Late Santonian
Mishash Formation[28]

Notes and References

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  5. Lingham-Soliar. Theagarten. 1994-03-01. First record of mosasaurs from the maastrichtian (upper cretaceous) of zaire. PalZ. en. 68. 1–2. 259–265. 10.1007/BF02989444. 1994PalZ...68..259L . 128594025 . 0031-0220.
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  107. Rempert . Trevor H. . Martens . Brennan P. . Vinkeles Melchers . Alexander P. M. . 2024 . Mosasaurs (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Late Cretaceous (Late Maastrichtian) of North Carolina, USA . Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS . 328 . 3 . 384–391 . 10.31610/trudyzin/2024.328.3.384 . free .
  108. E. L. Nicholls and D. Meckert. 2002. Marine reptiles from the Nanaimo Group (Upper Cretaceous) of Vancouver Island. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 39(11):1591-1603 
  109. J. Leidy. 1873. Contributions to the Extinct Vertebrate Fauna of the Western Territories. Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories 1-358
  110. P. R. Bjork. 1981. Food habits of mosasaurs from the Pierre Shale of South Dakota. Abstracts with Programs, Rocky Mountain Section, Geological Society of America 13(4):191
  111. E. L. Nicholls. 1988. The first record of the mosasaur Hainosaurus (Reptilia: Lacertilia) from North America. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25:1564-1570
  112. J. E. Martin. 2007. A new species of the durophagous mosasaur Globidens (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Late Cretaceous Pierre Shale Group of central South Dakota, USA. Geological Society of America Special Paper 427:177-198
  113. Zietlow, A.R. . Boyd, C.A. . Van Vranken, N.E. . 2023 . Jormungandr walhallaensis: a new mosasaurine (Squamata: Mosasauroidea) from the Pierre Shale Formation (Pembina Member: Middle Campanian) of North Dakota . live . Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . en-US . 464 . 10.5531/sd.sp.60 . 0003-0090 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231030190837/https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/items/13b0485f-c73f-47f9-8d1d-0d4ab6aaedfb . 2023-10-30 . 2023-10-30 . 2246/7332.
  114. S. W. Williston. 1895. New or little known extinct vertebrates. Kansas University Quarterly3(3):165-176
  115. T. Konishi and M. W. Caldwell. 2011. Two new plioplatecarpine (Squamata, Mosasauridae) genera from the Upper Cretaceous of North America, and a global phylogenetic analysis of plioplatecarpines. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31(4):754-783 
  116. J. X. Corgan. 1976. Vertebrate fossils of Tennessee. State of Tennessee Department of Conservation Division of Geology Bulletin 77:1-100
  117. D. Baird. 1986. Upper Cretaceous reptiles from the Severn Formation of Maryland. The Mosasaur 3:63-85
  118. W. Langston, Jr. 1975. The ceratopsian dinosaurs and associated lower vertebrates from the St. Mary River Formation (Maestrichtian) at Scabby Butte, southern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences12:1576-1608
  119. A. J. Robb. 1989. The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian, Black Creek Formation) fossil fish fauna of Phoebus Landing, Bladen County, North Carolina. The Mosasaur 4:75-92
  120. D. Bardack. 1968. Fossil vertebrates from the marine Cretaceous of Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 5:145-153
  121. J. T. Thurmond. 1969. Notes on mosasaurs from Texas. The Texas Journal of Science 21(1):69-80
  122. J. Hector. 1874. On the fossil Reptilia of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 6:333-358
  123. S. P. Welles and D. R. Gregg. 1971. Late Cretaceous marine reptiles of New Zealand. Records of the Canterbury Museum 9(1):1-111
  124. B. P. Kear, J. A. Long, and J. E. Martin. 2005. A review of Australian mosasaur occurrences. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences — Geologie en Mijnbouw 84(3):307-313
  125. J. A. Long and A. R. I. Cruickshank. 1998. Further records of plesiosaurian reptiles of Jurassic and Cretaceous age from Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 19:47-55
  126. J. Wiffen. 1980. Moanasaurus, a new genus of marine reptile (Family Mosasauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 23:507-528
  127. M. E. Paramo-Fonseca. 2011. Mosasauroids from Colombia. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 182(2):103-109
  128. M. Griffin, A. Parras, and S. Casadío. 2008. Late Maastrichtian-Danian Mytilids and Pinnids (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from Northern Patagonia, Argentina. Ameghiniana 45(1):139-152
  129. P. Bengtson and J. Lindgren. 2005. First record of the mosasaur Platecarpus Cope, 1869 from South America and its systematic implications. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 8(1):5-12
  130. Páramo-Fonseca. Maria E.. 2000-01-01. Yaguarasaurus columbianus (Reptilia, Mosasauridae), a primitive mosasaur from the Turonian (upper cretaceous) of Colombia. Historical Biology. 14. 1–2. 121–131. 10.1080/10292380009380560. 2000HBio...14..121P . 129466921 . 0891-2963.
  131. Jiménez-Huidobro . Paulina . Otero . Rodrigo A. . Soto-Acuña . Sergio . Caldwell . Michael W. . 2019-11-01 . Reassessment of cf. Plotosaurus from the upper Maastrichtian of Chile, with comments on the South American distribution of halisaurine mosasaurs . Cretaceous Research . 103 . 104162 . 10.1016/j.cretres.2019.06.008 . 2019CrRes.10304162J . 0195-6671.
  132. Frey . Eberhard . Mulder . Eric W. A. . Stinnesbeck . Wolfgang . Salazar . Christian . Héctor Quinzio-Sinn . Luis Arturo . 2016-06-01 . A mosasaur, cf. Plotosaurus, from the upper Maastrichtian Quiriquina Formation in Central Chile . Cretaceous Research . 61 . 17–25 . 10.1016/j.cretres.2015.12.006 . 2016CrRes..61...17F . 0195-6671.
  133. Otero . Rodrigo A. . 2021-09-01 . First record of a mosasaurine mosasaur from the upper Maastrichtian of central Chile . Cretaceous Research . 125 . 104838 . 10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104838 . 2021CrRes.12504838O . 0195-6671.
  134. Otero . Rodrigo A. . 2025-02-01 . Review of two marine vertebrate assemblages from the Arauco Basin (central Chile) reveals diversity changes throughout the Maastrichtian . Cretaceous Research . 166 . 105996 . 10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105996 . 2025CrRes.16605996O . 0195-6671.
  135. Caldwell. Michael W.. Bell. Gorden L. Jr.. 1995-09-14. Halisaurus sp. (Mosasauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous (?Santonian) of east-central Peru, and the taxonomic utility of mosasaur cervical vertebrae. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 15. 3. 532–544. 10.1080/02724634.1995.10011246. 1995JVPal..15..532C . 0272-4634.
  136. G. L. Bell Jr., K. R. Barnes, and M. J. Polcyn. 2013. Late Cretaceous mosasauroids (Reptilia, Squamata) of the Big bend region in Texas, USA. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 103:1-11 [</ref> |Middle [[Santonian]]|Texas

    |

    |-|Pender Formation[108] |Late Santonian|British Columbia

    |

    |-|Pierre Shale Formation[109] |Campanian|Nebraska, South Dakota

    Manitoba

    |

    |-|Ripley Formation[116] |Late Campanian|Tennessee

    |

    |-|Selma Formation|Santonian|Alabama, Mississippi

    |

    |-|Severn Formation[117] |Maastrichtian|Maryland

    |

    |-|St. Mary River Formation[118] |Campanian|Alberta

    |

    |-|Tar Heel/Coachman Formation[119] |Early Campanian|North Carolina, South Carolina

    |

    |-|Vermillion River Formation[120] |Campanian|Manitoba

    |

    |-|Wolfe City Formation[121] |Middle Campanian|Texas

    |

    |}

    Oceania

    NameAgeLocationGenera and species
    Conway Formation[122] Campanian
    Laidmore Formation[123] Campanian - Maastrichtian
    Miria Marl Formation[124] Maastrichtian
    Molecap Greensand FormationCenomanian - Santonian
    Tahora Formation[126] Campanian - Maastrichtian

    South America

    NameAgeLocationGenera and species
    Olini Group, Nivel de Lutitas y Arenas[127] Campanian
    Roca Formation[128] Maastrichtian
    Brazil (various localities)[129] Late Turonian - Early Coniacian
    La Frontera Formation[130] Late Turonian
    Napo FormationTuronian-Late Coniacian
    Quiriquina Formation[131] Late Maastrichtian
    Vivián Formation[135] Santonian

    References 

    ]

  137. Christiansen, P.; Bonde, N. (2002). "A new species of gigantic mosasaur from the Late Cretaceous of Israel". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (3): 629. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0629:ANSOGM2.0.CO;2].|Campanian|

    |

    |-|Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation[28] |Late Maastrichtian|

    |

    |-|Phosphorite Unit Formation[30] |Late Campanian - Early Maastrichtian|

    |

    |-|Syria (various localities)[32] |Late Campanian|

    |

    |-|Toyajo Formation[33] |Campanian/Maastrichtian|

    |

    |}

    Europe

    NameAgeLocationGenera and species
    Ahlen Formation[34] Late Campanian
    Argille di Viano Formation[35] Cretaceous
    Baculites Limestone Formation[36] Late Maastrichtian
    Bakla Hill[37] Maastrichtian
    Båstad Basin[38] Campanian
    Chalk Group[39] Cenomanian
    Craie de Ciply FormationMaastrichtian
    Craie de Meudon Formation[41] Late Campanian
    Craie de Spiennes Formation[42] Late Campanian
    Danish White Chalk Formation[43] Maastrichtian
    Glauconie de Lonzée Formation[44] Santonian
    Gulpen Formation[45] Late Campanian - Maastrichtian
    Grünsandstein Formation[47] Cenomanian
    Hesseltal Formation[48] Late Cenomanian/Early Turonian
    Kajlâka Formation[49] Late Maastrichtian
    Kristianstad Basin[50] Santonian - Maastrichtian
    Lagerdorf Formation[55] Late Santonian
    Maastricht Formation[56] Maastrichtian
    Nay Marls FormationEarly Campanian - Late Maastrichtian
    Opoka Formation[57] Late Campanian - Late Maastrichtian
    Polunino[58] Late CampanianVolgograd Oblast
    Raspay Formation[59] Late Maastrichtian
    Rybushka Formation[60] Early CampanianSaratov Oblast
    Scaglia Rossa Formation[61] Late Campanian - Maastrichtian
    Scaglia Rossa Veneta Formation[62] Early Turonian
    Trevino[63] Maastrichtian
    Vitoria Formation[64] Late Campanian
    Vomb TroughSantonian - Maastrichtian

    North America

    NameAgeLocationGenera and species
    Arcadia Park Shale Formation[66] Middle TuronianTexas
    Bearpaw Shale Formation[67] Late CampanianAlberta, Saskatchewan

    Montana
    Black Creek Group[71] Early-Middle CampanianNorth Carolina, South Carolina
    Blufftown Formation[73] CampanianGeorgia
    Carlile ShaleMiddle TuronianKansas
    Cerro del Pueblo Formation[76] Late Campanian
    Donoho Creek FormationMiddle CampanianSouth Carolina
    Eutaw Formation[77] Early CampanianAlabama, Mississippi
    Hornerstown Formation[78] MaastrichtianNew Jersey
    Kamp Ranch Limestone Formation[82] Middle TuronianTexas
    Lewis Shale Formation[83] CampanianColorado
    Mancos Shale Formation[84] Early CampanianColorado
    Marshalltown Formation[85] Middle CampanianNew Jersey
    Merchantville Formation[86] Early Campanian - MaastrichtianNew Jersey, Delaware
    Mesaderve Formation[88] CampanianWyoming
    Mooreville Chalk Formation[90] Late SantonianAlabama
    Moreno Formation[92] MaastrichtianCalifornia
    Mount Laurel Formation[95] MaastrichtianNew Jersey, Delaware
    Navesink Formation[97] MaastrichtianNew Jersey
    New Egypt Formation[101] Late MaastrichtianNew Jersey
    Niobrara Formation[103] Coniacian - CampanianKansas
    Ojinaga Formation[105] Turonian
    Owl Creek Formation[106] Late MaastrichtianMissouri
    Peedee Formation[107] Early-Late MaastrichtianNorth Carolina, South Carolina
    Pen Formation[108]

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "List of mosasaur-bearing stratigraphic units".

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