List of artificial objects on the Moon explained

This is a partial list of artificial materials left on the Moon, many during the missions of the Apollo program. The table below does not include lesser Apollo mission artificial objects, such as a hammer and other tools, retroreflectors, Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Packages, or the commemorative, artistic, and personal objects left by the twelve Apollo astronauts, such as the United States flags, the commemorative plaques attached to the ladders of the six Apollo Lunar Modules, the silver astronaut pin left by Alan Bean in honor of Clifton C. Williams whom he replaced, the Bible left by David Scott, the Fallen Astronaut statuette and memorial plaque placed by the crew of Apollo 15, the Apollo 11 goodwill messages disc, or the golf balls[1] Alan Shepard hit during an Apollo 14 moonwalk.

Five S-IVB third stages of Saturn V rockets from the Apollo program crashed into the Moon, and are the heaviest human-made objects on the lunar surface. Humans have left over 187400kg (413,100lb) of material on the Moon. Besides the 2019 Chang'e 4 and SLIM missions, the only artificial objects on the Moon that are still in use are the retroreflectors for the Lunar Laser Ranging experiments left there by the Apollo 11, 14, and 15 astronauts, Chandrayaan-3 lunar lander, and by the Soviet Union's Lunokhod 1 and Lunokhod 2 missions.[2]

Objects at greater than 90 degrees east or west are on the far side of the Moon, including Ranger 4, Lunar Orbiter 1, Lunar Orbiter 2, Lunar Orbiter 3, Chang'e 4 lander and Yutu-2 rover.

Because of increasing numbers of missions to and objects at the Moon, a global registry of lunar activities has been proposed in 2023 by the Open Lunar Foundation.[3]

List

Legend

- ! style="background:" colspan="2" Colors - Crashed (unintentionally) - Impactor or post-mission crashed - Landed - Operational

Table of objects

align=left Artificial objectalign=center Imagealign=center Countryalign=center Yearalign=center Mass (lb)align=center Mass (kg)align=left Statusalign=right Locationalign=right Notes
Luna 21959align=right 390kg (860lb)align=right 390align=left Impactoralign=left [4]
Luna 2
Third stage of Vostok rocket		1959align=right 9100kg (20,100lb)align=right 9,100align=left Crashed (post-mission)align=left [5]
Ranger 4 United States1962align=right 331kg (730lb)align=right 331align=left Crashed (controlled impact failed)align=left [6]
Ranger 6 United States1964align=right 381kg (840lb)align=right 381align=left Impactoralign=left [7]
Ranger 7 United States1964align=right 365kg (805lb)align=right 365align=left Impactoralign=left [8]
Luna 51965align=right 1474kg (3,250lb)align=right 1,474align=left Crashedalign=left [9]
Luna 71965align=right 1504kg (3,316lb)align=right 1,504align=left Crashedalign=left [10]
Luna 81965align=right 1552kg (3,422lb) (launch mass)align=right 1552 (launch mass)align=left Crashedalign=left [11]
Ranger 8 United States1965align=right 367kg (809lb)align=right 367align=left Impactoralign=left [12]
Ranger 9 United States1965align=right 367kg (809lb)align=right 367align=left Impactoralign=left [13]
Luna 9 spacecraft/descent stage1966align=right 1538kg (3,391lb) (before lander capsule ejection) align=right 1538 (before lander capsule ejection)align=left Crashed (post-mission)align=left [14]
Luna 9 Automated Lunar Station (ALS) airbag and lander capsule1966align=right 99kg (218lb)align=right 99align=left Landedalign=left
Luna 101966align=right 1600kg (3,500lb)align=right 1,600align=left Crashed
(post-mission)		align=left Unknown[15]
Luna 111966align=right 1640kg (3,620lb)align=right 1,640align=left Crashed (post-mission)align=left Unknown[16]
Luna 121966align=right 1670kg (3,680lb)align=right 1,670align=left Crashed (post-mission)align=left Unknown[17]
Surveyor 1 (separate from descent stage) United States1966align=right 270kg (600lb)align=right 270align=left Landedalign=left [18]
Luna 13 (separate from descent stage)1966align=right 113kg (249lb)align=right 113align=left Landedalign=left [19]
Lunar Orbiter 1 United States1966align=right 386kg (851lb)align=right 386align=left Crashed
(post-mission)		align=left [20]
Surveyor 2 United States1966align=right 292kg (644lb)align=right 292align=left Crashedalign=left [21]
Lunar Orbiter 2 United States1966align=right 385kg (849lb)align=right 385align=left Crashed
(post-mission)		align=left [22]
Lunar Orbiter 3 United States1966align=right 386kg (851lb)align=right 386align=left Crashed
(post-mission)		align=left [23]
Surveyor 3 (separate from descent stage) United States1967align=right 281kg (619lb)align=right 281align=left Landedalign=left [24]
Lunar Orbiter 4 United States1967align=right 386kg (851lb)align=right 386align=left Crashed
(post-mission)		align=left Unknown[25]
Surveyor 4 United States1967align=right 283kg (624lb)align=right 283align=left Crashedalign=left [26]
Explorer 35 United States1967align=right 104kg (229lb)align=right 104align=left Crashed
(post mission)		align=left Unknown[27]
Lunar Orbiter 5 United States1967align=right 386kg (851lb)align=right 386align=left Crashed
(post-mission)		align=left [28]
Surveyor 5 (separate from descent stage) United States1967align=right 281kg (619lb)align=right 281align=left Landedalign=left [29]
Surveyor 6 (separate from descent stage) United States1967align=right 282kg (622lb)align=right 282align=left Landedalign=left [30]
Surveyor 7 (separate from descent stage) United States1968align=right 290kg (640lb)align=right 290align=left Landedalign=left [31]
Luna 141968align=right 1670kg (3,680lb)align=right 1,670align=left Crashed (post-mission)align=left Unknown[32]
Apollo 10
LM-4 Snoopy descent stage		 United States1969align=right 2211kg (4,874lb)align=right 2,211align=left Likely crashed
(post-mission)		align=left Unknown[33]
Apollo 11
LM-5 Eagle descent stage		 United States1969align=right 2034kg (4,484lb)align=right 2,034align=left Landedalign=left [34]
Luna 151969align=right 2718kg (5,992lb)align=right 2,718align=left Crashedalign=left Unknown[35]
Apollo 11
LM-5 Eagle ascent stage		 United States1969align=right 2184kg (4,815lb)align=right 2,184align=left Crashed (post-mission) or in orbitalign=left Unknown[36] [37]
Apollo 12
LM-6 Intrepid descent stage		 United States1969align=right 2211kg (4,874lb)align=right 2,211align=left Landedalign=left [38]
Apollo 12
LM-6 Intrepid ascent stage		 United States1969align=right 2164kg (4,771lb)align=right 2,164align=left Crashed
(post-mission)		align=left [39]
Luna 16 descent stage1970align=right 1380kg (3,040lb)align=right 1,380align=left Landedalign=left [40]
1970align=right 5600kg (12,300lb)align=right 5,600align=left Landedalign=left [41]
Apollo 13
S-IVB (S-IVB-508)[42] 		United States1970align=right 13454kg (29,661lb)align=right 13,454align=left Crashed (post-mission)align=left [43]
Luna 181971align=right 1880kg (4,150lb)align=right 1,880align=left Crashedalign=left [44]
Luna 191971align=right 1880kg (4,150lb)align=right 1,880align=left Crashed (post-mission)align=left Unknown[45]
Apollo 14
S-IVB (S-IVB-509)		 United States1971align=right 14016kg (30,900lb)align=right 14,016align=left Crashed (post-mission)align=left [46]
Apollo 14
LM-8 Antares descent stage		 United States1971align=right 2144kg (4,727lb)align=right 2,144align=left Landedalign=left [47]
Apollo 14
LM-8 Antares ascent stage		 United States1971align=right 2134kg (4,705lb)align=right 2,132align=left Crashed
(post-mission)		align=left [48]
Apollo 15
S-IVB (S-IVB-510)		 United States1971align=right 14036kg (30,944lb)align=right 14,036align=left Crashed (post-mission)align=left [49]
Apollo 15
LM-10 Falcon descent stage		 United States1971align=right 2809kg (6,193lb)align=right 2,809align=left Landedalign=left [50]
Apollo 15
Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV-1)		 United States1971align=right 210kg (460lb)align=right 210align=left Landedalign=left
Apollo 15
LM-10 Falcon ascent stage		 United States1971align=right 2132kg (4,700lb)align=right 2,132align=left Crashed
(post-mission)		align=left [51]
Apollo 15 subsatellite United States1971align=right 36kg (79lb)align=right 36align=left Crashed
(post-mission)		align=left Unknown[52]
Luna 20 descent stage1972align=right align=right align=left Landedalign=left [53]
Apollo 16
S-IVB (S-IVB-511)		 United States1972align=right 14002kg (30,869lb)align=right 14,002align=left Crashed (post-mission)align=left [54]
Apollo 16
LM-11 Orion descent stage		 United States1972align=right 2765kg (6,096lb)align=right 2,765align=left Landedalign=left [55]
Apollo 16
Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV-2)		 United States1972align=right 210kg (460lb)align=right 210align=left Landedalign=left
Apollo 16
LM-11 Orion ascent stage		 United States1972align=right 2138kg (4,713lb)align=right 2,138align=left Crashed
(post-mission)		align=left Unknown[56]
Apollo 16 subsatellite United States1972align=right 36kg (79lb)align=right 36align=left Crashed
(post-mission)		align=left Unknown[57]
Apollo 17
S-IVB (S-IVB-512)		 United States1972align=right 13960kg (30,780lb)align=right 13,960align=left Crashed (post-mission)align=left [58]
Apollo 17
LM-12 Challenger descent stage		 United States1972align=right 2798kg (6,169lb)align=right 2,798align=left Landedalign=left [59]
Apollo 17
Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV-3)		 United States1972align=right 210kg (460lb)align=right 210align=left Landedalign=left
Apollo 17
LM-12 Challenger ascent stage		 United States1972align=right 2150kg (4,740lb)align=right 2,150align=left Crashed
(post-mission)		align=left [60]
96 bags of human waste (urine, feces, vomit)[61] United States1969–1972align=right align=right align=left Discarded on surface by astronautsalign=left Near to all Apollo landing sites-->
Luna 21 and Lunokhod 21973align=right 4850kg (10,690lb)align=right 4,850align=left Landedalign=left [62]
Explorer 49 (RAE-B) United States1973align=right 328kg (723lb)align=right 328align=left Crashed (post-mission)align=left Unknown[63]
Luna 221974align=right 4000kg (9,000lb)align=right 4,000align=left Crashed (post-mission)align=left Unknown[64]
Luna 231974align=right 5600kg (12,300lb)align=right 5,600align=left Landedalign=left [65]
Luna 24 descent stage1976align=right align=right align=left Landedalign=left [66]
Hagoromo
Hiten		 Japan1990align=right 12kg (26lb)align=right 12align=left Crashed
(not confirmed/post-mission)		align=left Unknown[67]
Hiten Japan1993align=right 143kg (315lb)align=right 143align=left Crashed (post-mission)/Impactoralign=left [68]
Lunar Prospector United States1998align=right 126kg (278lb)align=right 126align=left Crashed (post-mission)align=left [69] [70]
SMART-1 European Space Agency2006align=right 307kg (677lb)align=right 307align=left Crashed (post-mission)align=left [71]
Moon Impact Probe (MIP)
Chandrayaan-1		 India2008align=right 35kg (77lb)align=right 35align=left Impactoralign=left [72] [73] [74]
SELENE Rstar (Okina) Japan2009align=right 53kg (117lb)align=right 53align=left Crashed (post-mission)align=left [75] [76] [77]
SELENE Vstar (Ouna) JapanUnknownalign=right 53kg (117lb)align=right 53align=left Crashed (post-mission)align=left Unknown[78]
Chang'e 1 China2009align=right 2000kg (4,000lb)align=right 2,000align=left Crashed (post-mission)align=left [79] [80] [81]
SELENE (Kaguya) main orbiter Japan2009align=right 1984kg (4,374lb)align=right 1,984align=left Crashed (post-mission)align=left [82] [83] [84]
LCROSS Shepherding Spacecraft United States2009align=right 700kg (1,500lb)align=right 700align=left Crashed (post-mission)align=left [85] [86]
LCROSS Centaur United States2009align=right 2270kg (5,000lb)align=right 2,270align=left Impactoralign=left [87] [88]
GRAIL United States2012align=right 133kg (293lb)align=right 133align=left Crashed
(post-mission)		align=left [89]
Chang'e 3 lander China2013align=right 1200kg (2,600lb)align=right 1,200align=left Landed/operational[90] align=left [91] [92] [93] <--Planned, not the outcome: [94] -->
Chang'e 3
Yutu rover		 China2013align=right 1200kg (2,600lb)align=right 1,200align=left Landed[95] align=left [96] <--Planned, not the outcome: -->
LADEE United States2014align=right 248kg (547lb)align=right 248align=left Crashed (post-mission)align=left
Chang'e 4 lander China2019align=right 1200kg (2,600lb)align=right 1,200align=left Landed/operational[97]
Chang'e 4
Yutu-2 rover		 China2019align=right 1200kg (2,600lb)align=right 1,200align=left Landed/operational[98]
Beresheet Israel2019align=right 150kg (330lb)align=right 150Crashed[99] [100] align=left
Longjiang-2 Chinaalign=center 2019align=right 47kg (104lb)align=right 47Crashed (post-mission)[101] [102]
Chandrayaan-2
Vikram lander
Pragyan rover		 India2019align=right 1471kg (3,243lb)align=right 1,471Crashed[103] align=left [104]
Chang'e 5 descent stage
 China2020align=right 7,055align=right 3,200Landedalign=left
Chang'e 5 ascent stage
 China2020align=right >1543align=right >700Crashed (post-mission)align=left
Chang'e 5-T1 third stage rocket China2022align=right 6100align=right 2,800Crashed (post-mission)5.226°N -125.514°W[105]
Manfred Memorial Moon Mission2022align=right 31align=right 14Crashed (post-mission together with Chang'e 5-T1 third stage rocket)
Hakuto-R Mission 12023750340Crashed[106]
Emirates Lunar Mission United Arab Emirates
Luna 252023align=right 3,860align=right 1,750Crashedalign=center [107] [108]
Chandrayaan-3
Vikram lander
Pragyan rover		 India2023align=right 3,863align=right 1,752Landedalign=center [109]
SLIM Japan2024align=right 259.4align=right 118.7Operational-13.316°N 25.251°Walign=center [110]
LEV-1 Japan2024align=right 4.6align=right 2.1Landed-13.316°N 25.251°Walign=center
LEV-2 Japan2024align=right 0.55align=right 0.25Landed-13.316°N 25.251°Walign=center
IM-1 Odysseus
EagleCam		 United States2024align=right 4,206 align=right 1,903 Landedalign=center [111]
Chang'e 6 descent stage
 China20247,0553,200align=left rowspan=2Landed align=left rowspan=2align=center rowspan=2[112]
Jinchan rover
 China2024115
Chang'e 6 ascent stage
 China2024align=right >1543align=right >700Crashed (post-mission) align=left [113]
Total estimated dry mass476,410216,096

See also

Notes

References

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Miller . Scott . 2023-06-02 . How Many Golf Balls Are On The Moon? . 2023-06-21 . golfercraze.com . en-US.
  2. https://books.google.com/books?id=aq_uDo2shjAC&pg=PA300 Slava G. Turyshev – From Quantum to Cosmos: Fundamental Physics Research in Space (2009) – Page 300
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  4. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 2. 2010-12-24.
  5. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 2. 2015-07-16.
  6. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Ranger 4. 2010-12-23.
  7. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Ranger 6. 2010-12-24.
  8. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Ranger 7. 2010-12-24.
  9. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 5. 2010-12-24.
  10. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 7. 2010-12-24.
  11. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 8. 2010-12-24.
  12. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Ranger 8. 2010-12-24.
  13. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Ranger 9. 2010-12-24.
  14. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 9. 2010-12-24.
  15. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 10. 2010-12-24.
  16. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 11. 2010-12-24.
  17. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 12. 2010-12-24.
  18. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Surveyor 1. 2010-12-24.
  19. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 13. 2010-12-24.
  20. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Lunar Orbiter 1. 2010-12-24.
  21. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Surveyor 2. 2010-12-24.
  22. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Lunar Orbiter 2. 2010-12-24.
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  25. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Lunar Orbiter 4. 2010-12-24.
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  28. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Lunar Orbiter 5. 2010-12-24.
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  31. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Surveyor 7. 2010-12-24.
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  40. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 16 descent stage . 2010-12-25.
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  42. Astronautix.com, Apollo 13 : The S-IVB/IU impacted the lunar surface at 8:10 p.m. EST on April 14 at a speed of 259 meters per second (incorrect, should probably be 2590 meters/sec), […] 137.1 kilometers from the Apollo 12 seismometer.
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  46. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 14 SIVB. 2011-01-01.
  47. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 14 LM descent stage. 2011-01-01.
  48. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 14 LM ascent stage. 2011-01-01.
  49. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 15 SIVB. 2011-01-01.
  50. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 15 LM descent stage. 2011-01-01.
  51. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 15 LM ascent stage. 2011-01-01.
  52. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 15 subsatellite. 2011-01-01.
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  64. Web site: NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 22. 2011-01-01.
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