List of mammals of Hungary explained

This list of mammals of Hungary shows the IUCN Red List status of mammal species occurring in Hungary. Two are endangered, seven are vulnerable, and four are near threatened.

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed on the respective IUCN Red List published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX	Extinct	No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW	Extinct in the wild	Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR	Critically endangered	The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN	Endangered	The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU	Vulnerable	The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT	Near threatened	The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC	Least concern	There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD	Data deficient	There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).

• Suborder: Sciurognathi
  • Family: Castoridae (beavers)
    • Genus: Castor
      • Eurasian beaver, C. fiber ^[1]
  • Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
    • Subfamily: Sciurinae
      • Tribe: Sciurini
        • Genus: Sciurus
          • Red squirrel, S. vulgaris ^[2]
    • Subfamily: Xerinae
      • Tribe: Marmotini
        • Genus: Spermophilus
          • European ground squirrel, Spermophilus citellus VU
  • Family: Gliridae (dormice)
    • Subfamily: Leithiinae
      • Genus: Dryomys
        • Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula NT
      • Genus: Muscardinus
        • Hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius NT
    • Subfamily: Glirinae
      • Genus: Glis
        • European edible dormouse, Glis glis NT
  • Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
    • Subfamily: Sicistinae
      • Genus: Sicista
        • Southern birch mouse, Sicista subtilis NT
  • Family: Spalacidae
    • Subfamily: Spalacinae
      • Genus: Nannospalax
        • Lesser mole rat, Nannospalax leucodon VU
  • Family: Cricetidae
    • Subfamily: Cricetinae
      • Genus: Cricetus
        • European hamster, C. cricetus ^[3]
    • Subfamily: Arvicolinae
      • Genus: Arvicola
        • Water vole, Arvicola terrestris LC
      • Genus: Clethrionomys
        • Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus LC
      • Genus: Microtus
        • Field vole, Microtus agrestis LC
        • Common vole, Microtus arvalis LC
        • Tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus LC
        • European pine vole, Microtus subterraneus LC
      • Genus: Ondatra
        • Muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus LC introduced
  • Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
    • Subfamily: Murinae
      • Genus: Apodemus
        • Striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius LC
        • Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis LC
        • Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus LC
        • Ural field mouse, Apodemus uralensis LC
      • Genus: Micromys
        • Harvest mouse, Micromys minutus NT
      • Genus: Mus
        • House mouse, Mus musculus LC introduced
        • Steppe mouse, Mus spicilegus NT
      • Genus: Rattus
        • Brown rat, Rattus norvegicus LC introduced
        • Black rat, Rattus rattus LC introduced

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

• Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
  • Genus: Oryctolagus
    • European rabbit, O. cuniculus ^[4] introduced
  • Genus: Lepus
    • European hare, L. europaeus ^[5]

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

• Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
  • Subfamily: Erinaceinae
    • Genus: Erinaceus
      • Northern white-breasted hedgehog, E. roumanicus

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

The Soricomorpha are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

• Family: Soricidae (shrews)
  • Subfamily: Crocidurinae
    • Genus: Crocidura
      • Bicolored shrew, Crocidura leucodon LC
      • Lesser white-toothed shrew, Crocidura suaveolens ^[6]
  • Subfamily: Soricinae
    • Tribe: Nectogalini
      • Genus: Neomys
        • Southern water shrew, Neomys anomalus LC
        • Eurasian water shrew, Neomys fodiens LC
    • Tribe: Soricini
      • Genus: Sorex
        • Alpine shrew, Sorex alpinus LC
        • Common shrew, Sorex araneus LC
        • Eurasian pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus LC
• Family: Talpidae (moles)
  • Subfamily: Talpinae
    • Tribe: Talpini
      • Genus: Talpa
        • European mole, Talpa europaea LC

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

• Family: Vespertilionidae
  • Subfamily: Myotinae
    • Genus: Myotis
      • Bechstein's bat, M. bechsteini ^[7]
      • Lesser mouse-eared bat, M. blythii ^[8]
      • Brandt's bat, M. brandti ^[9]
      • Pond bat, M. dasycneme ^[10]
      • Daubenton's bat, M. daubentonii ^[11]
      • Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus ^[12]
      • Greater mouse-eared bat, M. myotis ^[13]
      • Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus ^[14]
      • Natterer's bat, M. nattereri ^[15]
      • Schaub's myotis, Myotis schaubi extirpated^[16]
  • Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
    • Genus: Barbastella
      • Western barbastelle, B. barbastellus ^[17]
    • Genus: Eptesicus
      • Northern bat, Eptesicus nilssoni LC
      • Serotine bat, Eptesicus serotinus LC
    • Genus: Nyctalus
      • Greater noctule bat, N. lasiopterus ^[18]
      • Lesser noctule, N. leisleri ^[19]
    • Genus: Pipistrellus
      • Nathusius' pipistrelle, P. nathusii ^[20]
      • Common pipistrelle, P. pipistrellus LC
    • Genus: Plecotus
      • Grey long-eared bat, P. austriacus ^[21]
  • Subfamily: Miniopterinae
    • Genus: Miniopterus
      • Common bent-wing bat, M. schreibersii ^[22]
• Family: Molossidae
  • Genus: Tadarida
    • European free-tailed bat, Tadarida teniotis LC
• Family: Rhinolophidae
  • Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
    • Genus: Rhinolophus
      • Mediterranean horseshoe bat, R. euryale ^[23]
      • Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum ^[24]
      • Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros ^[25]

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

• Suborder: Feliformia
  • Family: Felidae (cats)
    • Subfamily: Felinae
      • Genus: Felis
        • European wildcat, F. silvestris ^[26]
      • Genus: Lynx
        • Eurasian lynx, L. lynx ^[27]
          • Carpathian lynx L. l. carpathicus
• Suborder: Caniformia
  • Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
    • Genus: Vulpes
      • Red fox, V. vulpes ^[28]
    • Genus: Canis
      • Gray wolf, C. lupus ^[29]
        • Eurasian wolf, C. l. lupus
      • Golden jackal, C. aureus ^[30]
        • European jackal, C. a. moreoticus
  • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
    • Genus: Lutra
      • European otter, L. lutra ^[31]
    • Genus: Martes
      • Beech marten, M. foina ^[32]
      • European pine marten, M. martes ^[33]
    • Genus: Meles
      • European badger, M. meles ^[34]
    • Genus: Mustela
      • Stoat, M. erminea ^[35]
      • Least weasel, M. nivalis ^[36]
      • European polecat, M. putorius ^[37]
    • Genus: Neogale
      • American mink, N. vison presence uncertain, introduced^[38]

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

• Family: Equidae (horses etc.)
  • Genus: Equus
    • Wild horse, E. ferus reintroduced
      • Przewalski's horse, E. f. przewalskii reintroduced^[39]

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

• Family: Cervidae (deer)
  • Subfamily: Capreolinae
    • Genus: Alces
      • Moose, A. alces ^[40]
    • Genus: Capreolus
      • Roe deer, C. capreolus ^[41]
  • Subfamily: Cervinae
    • Genus: Cervus
      • Red deer, C. elaphus ^[42]
    • Genus: Dama
      • European fallow deer, D. dama LC introduced^[43]
• Family: Suidae (pigs)
  • Subfamily: Suinae
    • Genus: Sus
      • Wild boar, S. scrofa ^[44]

Locally extinct

• European bison, Bison bonasus^[45]
• European mink, Mustela lutreola^[46]
• Brown bear, Ursus arctos ^[47]

See also

• List of birds of Hungary
• List of reptiles of Hungary
  • List of amphibians of Hungary List of chordate orders
• Lists of mammals by region
• List of prehistoric mammals
• Mammal classification
• List of mammals described in the 2000s

External links

• Web site: Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan Museum of Zoology . 1995–2006 . 22 May 2007.

Notes and References

1. Castor fiber . amp . Batbold, J. . Batsaikhan, N. . Shar, S. . Hutterer, R. . Kryštufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Palomo, L. . 2016 . e.T4007A115067136 .
2. Sciurus vulgaris . amp . Amori, G. . Hutterer, R. . Kryštufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Muñoz, L. J. P. . e.T20025A9136220 . 2010.
3. Cricetus cricetus . Banaszek, A. . Bogomolov, P. . amp . Feoktistova, N. . La Haye, M. . Monecke, S. . Reiners, T. E. . Rusin, M. . Surov, A. . Weinhold, U. . Ziomek, J. . 2020 . e.T5529A111875852.
4. Oryctolagus cuniculus . 2019 . 2019 . Villafuerte, R. . Delibes-Mateos, M. . e.T41291A45189779 .
5. Lepus europaeus . Hacklande, K. . Schai-Braun, S. . 2019 . 2019 . e.T41280A45187424 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T41280A45187424.en .
6. Crocidura suaveolens . Hutterer, R. . Amori, G. . Krystufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Palomo, L.J. . amp . 2010 . e.T29656A9511068.
7. Myotis bechsteinii . Paunović, M. . 2019 . e.T14123A22053752.
8. Myotis blythii . Juste, J. . Paunović, M. . amp . 2016 . e.T14124A22053297.
9. Myotis brandtii . Gazaryan, S. . Kruskop, S.V. . Godlevska, L. . 2020 . e.T85566997A22054468.
10. Myotis dasycneme . e.T14127A22055164 . 2016 . Piraccini, R..
11. daubentonii . Kruskop, S.V. . Godlevska, L. . Bücs, S. . Çoraman, E. . Gazaryan, S. . amp . 2020 . e.T85342710A22054773.
12. Myotis emarginatus . Piraccini, R. . e.T14129A22051191 . 2016.
13. Myotis myotis . amp . Coroiu, I. . Juste, J. . Paunović, M. . 2016 . e.T14133A22051759.
14. Myotis mystacinus . Coroiu, I.. 2016 . e.T14134A22052250.
15. Myotis nattereri . Gazaryan, S. . Kruskop, S.V. . Godlevska, L. . amp . 2020 . e.T85733032A22052584.
16. Myotis schaubi . Piraccini, R. . 2016 . e.T14198A22061746.
17. Barbastella barbastellus . Piraccini, R. . e.T2553A22029285 . 2016.
18. Nyctalus lasiopterus . amp . Hutson, A. M. . Alcaldé, J. T. . Juste, J. . Karataş, A. . Palmeirim, J. . Paunović, M. . 2010 . e.T14918A4471682.
19. Nyctalus leisleri . amp . Juste, J. . Paunović, M. . 2016 . e.T14919A22016159.
20. Pipistrellus nathusii . amp . Hutson, A. M. . Spitzenberger, F. . Juste, J. . Aulagnier, S. . Palmeirim, J. . Karatas, A.. Paunovic, M. . 2010 . e.T17316A6966886.
21. Plecotus austriacus . 2020 . amp . Gazaryan, S. . Godlevska, L. . 2020 . e.T85533333A195862345.
22. Miniopterus schreibersii . 2021 . Gazaryan, S. . amp . Bücs, S. . Çoraman, E. . 2020 . e.T81633057A19585652.
23. Rhinolophus euryale . Juste, J. . Alcaldé, J. . amp . e.T19516A21971185 . 2016.
24. Rhinolophus ferrumequinum . Piraccini, R. . 2016 . e.T19517A21973253.
25. Rhinolophus hipposideros . Taylor, P. . 2016 . e.T19518A21972794.
26. Felis silvestris . Gerngross, P. . Ambarli, H. . Angelici, F.M. . Anile, S. . Campbell, R. . Ferreras de Andres, P. . Gil-Sanchez, J.M. . Götz, M. . Jerosch, S. . Mengüllüoglu, D. . Monterosso, P. . Zlatanova, D. . amp . e.T181049859A181050999 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T181049859A181050999.en . 2022 . 3 August 2022.
27. Lynx lynx . Breitenmoser, U. . Breitenmoser-Würsten, C. . Lanz, T. . von Arx, M. . Antonevich, A. . Bao, W. . Avgan, B. . amp . e.T12519A121707666 . 2015.
28. Vulpes vulpes . Hoffmann, M. . Sillero-Zubiri, C. . amp . 2016 . e.T23062A46190249.
29. Canis lupus . Boitani, L. . Phillips, M. . Jhala, Y. . amp . 2018 . e.T3746A119623865.
30. Canis aureus . Hoffmann, M. . Arnold, J. . Duckworth, J. W. . Jhala, Y. . Kamler, J. F. . Krofel, M. . amp . 2018 . e.T118264161A46194820.
31. Lutra lutra . Roos, A. . Loy, A. . de Silva, P. . Hajkova, P. . Zemanová, B. . amp . 2015 . e.T12419A21935287.
32. Martes foina . 2016 . Abramov, A.V. . Kranz, A. . Herrero, J. . Krantz, A. . Choudhury, A. . Maran, T. . amp . e.T29672A45202514.
33. Martes martes . Herrero, J. . amp . Kranz, A. . Skumatov, D. . Abramov, A.V. . Maran, T. . Monakhov, V.G. . e.T12848A45199169 . 2016.
34. Meles meles . Kranz, A. . Abramov, A. V. . Herrero, J. . Maran, T. . amp . 2016 . e.T29673A45203002 .
35. Mustela erminea . Reid, F. . Helgen, K. . Kranz, A. . amp . 2016 . e.T29674A45203335.
36. Mustela nivalis . McDonald, R. A. . Abramov, A. V. . Stubbe, M. . Herrero, J. . Maran, T. . Tikhonov, A. . Cavallini, P. . Kranz, A. . Giannatos, G. . Kryštufek, B. . Reid, F. . amp . 2019 . e.T70207409A147993366.
37. Mustela putorius . Skumatov, D. . Abramov, A.V. . Herrero, J. . Kitchener, A. . Maran, T. . Kranz, A.. Sándor, A. . Stubbe, M. . Saveljev, A. . Savour-Soubelet, A. . Guinot-Ghestem, M. . Zuberogoitia, I. . Birks, J.D.S. . Weber, A. . Melisch, R. . Ruette, S. . amp . 2016 . e.T41658A45214384.
38. Neovison vison . amp . Reid, F. . Schiaffini, M. . Schipper, J. . e.T41661A45214988 . 2016.
39. Web site: Przewalski's Horse Populations in Hungary. thehorse.com. 3 October 2016 . 3 October 2016.
40. Alces alces . Hundertmark, K. . 2016 . e.T56003281A22157381.
41. Capreolus capreolus . Lovari, S. . Herrero, J. . Masseti, M. . Ambarli, H. . Lorenzini, R. . Giannatos, G. . amp . 2016 . e.T42395A22161386.
42. Cervus elaphus . Lovari, S. . Lorenzini, R. . Masseti, M. . Pereladova, O. . Carden, R.F. . Brook, S.M. . Mattioli, S. . amp . e.T55997072A142404453 . 2018.
43. Masseti, M. . Mertzanidou, D. . 2008 . Dama dama . 2008 . e.T42188A10656554 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T42188A10656554.en . 19 November 2021.
44. Sus scrofa . amp . Keuling, O. . Leus, K. . e.T41775A44141833 . 2019.
45. Bison bonasus . Plumb, G. . Kowalczyk, R. . amp . Hernandez-Blanco, J.A. . 2020 . e.T2814A45156279 . 9 January 2021.
46. Mustela lutreola . Maran, T. . Aulagnier, S. . Libois, R. . Kranz, A. . Abramov, A. . Wozencraft, C. . amp . 2010 . e.T14018A4381596.
47. Ursus arctos . McLellan, B. N. . Proctor, M. F. . Huber, D. . Michel, S. . amp . e.T41688A121229971 . 2017.