List of human blood components explained

Compound	Comments	In whole blood (g/cm3)	In plasma or serum (g/cm3)
Water	Solvent	0.81-0.86	0.93-0.95
Acetoacetate	Produced in liver	8-40	4-43
Acetone	product of bodyfat breakdown	3-20
Acetylcholine	Neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system	6.6-8.2
Adenosine triphosphate	Energy storage
	total	3.1-5.7
	phosphorus	5-10
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone	Stimulates the adrenal cortex		2.5-12
	@ 6AM, mean		5.5
	@ 6AM, maximum		12
	@ 6PM, mean		3.5
	@ 6PM, maximum		<7.5
Alanine	Amino acid	2.7-5.5	2.4-7.6
Albumin	Blood plasma protein		3.5-5.0 [1]
Aluminum		1-40	1-88
Selenium		60–150 ng/mL
Aldosterone	Regulates electrolyte balance
	supine		3-10
	standing, male		6-22
	standing, female		5-30
Amino acids	Protein building blocks
	total	3.8-5.3
	nitrogen	4.6-6.8	3.0-5.5
alpha-Aminobutyric acid		1-2	1-2
δ-Aminolevulinic acid			1.5-2.3
Ammonia nitrogen		1-2	1.0-4.9
cAMP	Intracellular signal transduction molecule
	male		5.6-10.9
	female		3.6-8.9
Androstenedione	Steroid hormone
	male >18 yrs		2-30
	female >18 yrs		8-30
Androsterone	Steroid hormone		1.5
Angiotensin I	Angiotensin II precursor		1.1-8.8
Angiotensin II	Vasoconstrictor		1.2-3.6
Alpha 1-antitrypsin	Serine protease inhibitor		7.8-20
Arginine	Amino acid	6-17	1.3-3.6
Arsenic	normal range	2-62
	chronic poisoning	100-500
	acute poisoning	600-9300
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)	Important vitamin	1-15	6-20
Aspartic acid	Amino acid		0-3
	In WBCs	2.5-4.0	9-12
Bicarbonate	Buffer in blood		5-5.7
Bile acids	Digestive function, bilirubin excretion	2-30	3-30
Bilirubin	Hemoglobin metabolite	2-14	1-10
Biotin (Vitamin H)	Gluconeogenesis, metabolize leucine, fatty acid synthesis	7-17	9-16
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)			8-23
Bradykinin			7
Bromide			7-10
Cadmium	normal	1-5
	toxic	0.1-3
Calciferol (vitamin D2)	Maintain calcium and phosphorus levels		1.7-4.1
Calcitonin (CT)	Hormone		<1.0
Calcium	Bones,
	ionized	4.48-4.92	4.25-5.25
	total		8.4-11.5
Carbon dioxide	Respiratory gas
	arterial	8.8-10.8	3.0-7.9
	venous	9.8-11.8	3.3-8.3
Carboxyhemoglobin(as HbCO)	nonsmokers	0.5-1.5% total Hb
	smokers, 1-2 packs/day	4-5% total Hb
	smokers, 2 packs/day	8-9% total Hb
	toxic	>20% total Hb
	lethal	>50% total Hb
Carcinoembryonic antigen			<2.5
beta-Carotene	Vitamin A dimer		3-25
Carotenoids	Antioxidant	2.4-23.1
Cephalin		3-11.5	0-1
Ceruloplasmin			1.5-6
Chloride, as NaCl		4.5-5	3.5-3.8
Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)	1, 25-dihydroxy		2.5-4.5
	24,25-dihydroxy		1.5
	25-hydroxy		1.4-8
Cholecystokinin (pancreozymin)	Stimulates fat and protein digestion		6.04
Cholesterol	Steroid lipid
	LDLC		0.5-2.0
	HDLC		2.9-9.0
	total	1.15-2.25	1.2-2
Choline, total		1.1-3.1	3.6-3.5
Chorionic gonadotropin	Progesterone secretion during pregnancy
	Menstrual		0-3
	Pregnancy, 1st trimester		5-3300
	Pregnancy, 2nd trimester		20-1000
	Pregnancy, 3rd trimester		20-50
	Menopausal		3-30
Citric acid		1.3-2.5	1.6-3.2
Citrulline			2-10
Coagulation Factors	Fibrinogen	1.2-1.6	2-4
	Prothrombin		1
	Tissue thromboplastin		1
	Proaccelerin		5-12
	Proconvertin		1
	Antihemophilic factor		1
	Christmas factor		4
	Stuart factor		5
	Plasma thrmb. anteced.		4
	Hageman factor		2.9
	Fibrin-stabilizing factor		1
	Fibrin split products		<1
	Fletcher factor		5
	Fitzgerald factor		7
	von Willebrand factor		7
Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)	Needed for nerve cells, red blood cells, and to make DNA	6-14	1-10
Cocarboxylase			7-9
Complement system	C1q		5.8-7.2
	C1r		2.5-3.8
	C1s (C1 esterase)		2.5-3.8
	C2		2.2-3.4
	C3(b1C-globulin)		8-15.5
	factor B (C3 proactivator)		2-4.5
	C4 (b1E-globulin)		1.3-3.7
	C4 binding protein		1.8-3.2
	C5 (b1F-globulin)		5.1-7.7
	C6		4.8-6.4
	C7		4.9-7
	C8		4.3-6.3
	C9		4.7-6.9
	Properdin		2.4-3.2
Compound S			1-3
Copper		9-15
	male		7-14
	female		8-15.5
Corticosteroids	Steroid hormones		1-4
Corticosterone			4-20
Cortisol	Inhibits CRH secretion		3-23
	8 AM		6-23
	4 PM		3-15
	10 PM		~50% of 8 AM value
C-peptide	fasting		0.5-2.0
	maximum		4
C-reactive protein	Plasma protein		6.8-820
Creatine	Assists muscle cell energy supply
	male		1.7-5.0
	female		3.5-9.3
Creatinine	male		0.8-1.5
	female		0.7-1.2
Cyanide	nonsmokers		4
	smokers		6
	nitroprusside therapy		10-60
	toxic		>100
	lethal		>1000
Cysteine	Amino acid	6-12	1.8-5
Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)	Steroid hormone
	aged 1–4 yrs		0.2-0.4
	aged 4–8 yrs		0.1-1.9
	aged 8–10 yrs		0.2-2.9
	aged 10–12 yrs		0.5-9.2
	aged 12–14 yrs		0.9-20
	aged 14–16 yrs		2.5-20
	male		0.8-10
	female, premenopausal		2.0-15
DHEA sulfate	male		1.99-3.34
	female
	newborn		1.67-3.64
	pre-pubertal children		1.0-6.0
	premenopausal		8.2-33.8
	pregnancy		2.3-11.7
	postmenopausal		1.1-6.1
11-Deoxycortisol			1-7
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)	male		3-8
	female		1-10
Diphosphoglycerate (phosphate)		8-16
DNA	The molecule of heredity		0-1.6
Dopamine	Neurotransmitter		<1.36
Enzymes, total			<6
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)			<1
Epinephrine	Neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system
	after 15 min rest		3.1-9.5
	when emitted	3.8	2-2.5
Ergothioneine		1-20
Erythrocytes (#/cm3)	adult male, avg. (range)	5.2 (4.6-6.2)
	adult female, avg. (range)	4.6 (4.2-5.4)
	children, varies with age	4.5-5.1
	reticulocytes	25-75
Erythropoietin	adult, normal		0.5-2.5
	pregnant		2.7-6.2
	hypoxia or anemia		0.8-8.0
Estradiol (E2)	male		8-36
	female, follicular(days 1-10)		1-9
	female, mean		5
	female, pre-fertile (days 10-12)		10-15
	female, fertile (days 12-14)		35-60
	female, luteal (days 15-28)		20-40
	female, pregnancy		3-70
	female, postmenopausal		1-3
Estriol (E3)	nonpregnant		<2
	pregnancy, weeks 22-30		3-5
	pregnancy, weeks 32-37		6-11
	pregnancy, weeks 38-41		25-170
Estrogen	male		4-11.5
	female, prepubertal		<4
	female, 1–10 days		6.1-39.4
	female, 11–20 days		12.2-43.7
	female, 21–30 days		15.6-35
	female, postmenopausal		<4
Estrone (E1)	male		2.9-17
	female, follicular		2-15
	female, 1–10 days of cycle		4.3-18
	female, 11–20 days of cycle		7.5-19.6
	female, 20–29 days of cycle		13.1-20.1
	pregnancy, weeks 22-30		3-5
	pregnancy, weeks 32-37		5-6
	pregnancy, weeks 38-41		7-10
Ethanol	social high		0.5
	reduced coordination		0.8
	depression of CNS		>1
	confusion, falling down		2.0
	loss of consciousness		3.0
	coma, death		>4
Fatty acids	nonesterified (free)		8-25
	esterified	2.5-3.9	7-20
	total		1.9-4.5
Ferritin	male		1.5-30
	female		0.9-18
alpha-1-Fetoprotein			0-2
Flavin adenine dinucleotide			8-12
Fluoride		1-4.5	1-4.5
Folate			2.2-17.3
	in erythrocyte		1.67-7.07
Folic acid		2.3-5.2	1.6-2
Fructose		0-5	7-8
Furosemide glucuronide			1-400
Galactose	children		<2
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)			<1.25-4.0
Gastrin	mean		7
	maximum		<20
Globulin			total 2.2-4
	alpha-1-Globulin		1-4
	alpha-2-Globulin		4-10
	beta globulin		5-12
	gamma globulin		6-17
Glucagon	range		5-15
	mean		7.1-7.9
Glucosamine	fetus	4-6	4.2-5.5
	child	5-7	5.2-6.9
	adult	6-8	6.1-8.2
	aged	7-9	7.0-8.9
Glucose	newborn	2-3
	adult	6.5-9.5	7-10.5
	diabetic	14-120
Glucuronic acid		4.1-9.3	8-11
Glutamic acid			2-28
Glutamine			4.6-10.6
Glutathione	reduced	2.5-4.1	0
Glycerol	free		2.9-17.2 [2]
Glycine		1.7-2.3	8-54
Glycogen		1.2-16.2	0
Glycoprotein, acid			4-15
cGMP			0.6-4.4
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone			1-80
Guanidine		1.8-2.3
Haptoglobin			3-22
Hemoglobin		1.2-1.75	1-4
	newborn	1.65-1.95
	children, varies with age	1.12-1.65
	adult, male	1.4-1.8
	adult, female	1.2-1.6
	inside erythrocyte	~3.3
	per red blood cell	27-32 picograms
Hexosephosphate P		1.4-5	0-2
Histamine		6.7-8.6
Histidine		9-17	1.1-3.8
Hydrogen ion(pH 7.4)		4
beta-Hydroxybutyric acid		1-6	1-9
17α-Hydroxycorticosteroids		4-10
17α-Hydroxyprogesterone	male		20-250
	female, follicular		20-80
	female, luteal		80-300
	female, postmenopausal		4-50
	female, child		20-140
Antibodies	Immunoglobulin A (IgA)		5-39
	Immunoglobulin D (IgD)		0.5-8.0
	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)		5.0-19
	Immunoglobulin M (IgM)		3.0-30
	Immunoglobulin E (IgE)		<5
Indican			8-50
Inositol			3-7
Insulin			2.0-8.4
Insulin-like growth factor			9.9-50
Iodine	total	2.4-3.2	4.5-14.5
Iron	adult	4-6	6-18
Isoleucine		9-15	1.2-4.2
Ketone bodies		2.3-10	1.5-30
alpha-Ketonic acids	adult	1-30
L-Lactate	arterial	<11.3	4.5-14.4
	venous	8.1-15.3	4.5-19.8
Lead	normal	1-5	1-7.8
	toxic	>6-10
Lecithin		1.1-1.2	1-2.25
Leptin		1.2
Leucine		1.4-2	1.2-5.2
Leukocytes (#/cm3) Total:	total, birth	9.0-30.0
	total, pediatric	4.5-15.5
	total, adult, range	4.3-11.0
	total, adult, median	7.0
	Neutrophil granulocytes, birth	6.0-26.0
	Neutrophils, pediatric	1.5-8.5
	Neutrophils, adult, range	1.83-7.25
	Neutrophils, adult, median	3.65
	Eosinophil granulocytes birth	0.4
	Eosinophils, pediatric	0.2-0.3
	Eosinophils, adult, range	0.05-0.7
	Eosinophils, adult, median	0.15
	Basophil granulocytes, adult, range	0.015-0.15
	Basophils, adult, median	0.03
	Lymphocytes, birth	2-11
	Lymphocyte, pediatric	1.5-8.0
	Lymphocyte, adult, range	1.5-4.0
	Lymphocyte, adult, median	2.5
	Monocytes, birth, range	0.4-3.1
	Monocytes, birth, median	1.05
	Monocytes, pediatric	0.4
	Monocytes, adult, range	0.21-1.05
	Monocytes, adult, median	0.43
	Phagocytes, birth, range	6-26
	Phagocytes, birth, median	11
	Phagocytes, pediatric, range	1.5-8.5
	Phagocytes, pediatric, median	4.1
	Phagocytes, adult, range	3.5-9.2
	Phagocytes, CD4 cell count	0.5-1.5
Lipase P		1.2-1.4
Lipids	total	4.45-6.1	4-8.5
Lipoprotein (Sr 12-20)			1-10
Lithium		1.5-2.5
Lysine		1.3-3	2-5.8
Lysozyme (muramidase)			1-15
alpha 2-macroglobulin	pediatric		2-7
	male, adult		0.9-4.0
	female, adult		1.2-5.4
Magnesium		3.2-5.5	1.8-3.6
Malic acid		4.6	1-9
Manganese		0-2.5	0-1.9
Melatonin	Day		1.35-1.45
	Night		6.07-7.13
Mercury	normal	<1
	chronic	>20
Methemoglobin		4-6
Methionine		4-6	1-15
Methyl guanidine		2-3
beta-2-microglobulin			8-24
MIP-1a			2.3
MIP-1b			9
Mucopolysaccharides			1.75-2.25
Mucoproteins			8.65-9.6
Nerve growth factor (NGF)			6-10
Niacin		5-8	2-15
Nitrogen	respiratory gas	8.2	9.7
	total, nonrespiratory	3-3.7
Norepinephrine	Neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system
	after 15 min rest		2.15-4.75
	when emitted	8.1	8.5
Nucleotide	total	3.1-5.2
Ornithine			4-14
Oxalate			1-2.4
Oxygen (respiratory gas)	arterial	2.4-3.2	3.9
	venous	1.6-2.3	1.6
Oxytocin	male		2
	female, nonlactating		2
	female, pregnant 33-40 wks		32-48
Pancreatic polypeptide			5-20
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5)		1.5-4.5	6-35
Para-aminobenzoic acid		3-4
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)			2-4
Pentose	phosphorated		2-2.3
Phenol	free	7-10
Phenylalanine		8-12	1.1-4
Phospholipid		2.25-2.85	5-12
Phosphatase	acid, prostatic		<3
Phosphorus	inorganic, adult	2-3.9	2.3-4.5
	inorganic, children		4.0-7.0
	total	3.5-4.3	1-1.5
Phytanic acid			<3
Platelets (#/cm3):	range	1.4-4.4
	median	2.5
Platelet-derived growth factor			5.0
Polysaccharides	total		7.3-13.1
Potassium		1.6-2.4	1.4-2.2
Pregnenolone			3-20
Progesterone (female)	female, follicular		0.4-0.9
	female, midluteal		7.7-12.1
	pregnancy, weeks 16-18		30-66
	pregnancy, weeks 28-30		70-126
	pregnancy, weeks 38-40		131-227
	male		12-20
Proinsulin	fasting		0.5-5
	mean		1.42-1.70
Prolactin (male) <20	while awake		1-7
	during sleep		9-20
Prolactin (female)	follicular		<23
	luteal		5-40
Proline			1.2-5.7
Prostaglandins	PGE		3.55-4.15
	PGF		1.26-1.56
	15-keto-PGF2a		5
	15-keto-PGE2		<5
Protein	total	1.9-2.1	6.0-8.3
Protoporphyrin		2.7-6.1
Prostate specific antigen		0-5
Pseudoglobulin I			8-19
Pseudoglobulin II			2-8
Purine	total	9.5-11.5
Pyrimidine nucleotides		2.6-4.6	2-12
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)			3.6-90
Pyruvic acid		3-10	3-12
RANTES			7
Relaxin	day <100 preparturition		<2
	day 100 to 2 days preceding		5-40
	day preceding parturition		100-200
	day following parturition		<2
Retinol (Vitamin A)			1-8
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)		1.5-6	2.6-3.7
RNA		5-8	4-6
Secretin			2.9-4.5
Serine			3-20
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine)		1.55-1.81	0.8-2.1
Silicon		1.4-2.95	2.2-5.7
Sodium			3.1-3.4
Solids, total		2-2.5	8-9
Somatotropin	growth hormone		4-140
Sphingomyelin		1.5-1.85	1-4
Succinic acid			5
Sugar, total		7-11
Sulfates	inorganic		8-12
Sulfur	total	3.8-5	3.1-3.8
Taurine			3-21
Testosterone (male)	free		5.6-10.2
	total		275-875
Testosterone (female)	free		0.24-0.38
	total		23-75
	pregnant		38-190
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)		3-10	1-9
Thiocyanate		5-14
	nonsmoker		1-4
	smoker		3-12
Threonine		1.3-2	0.9-3.2
Thyroglobulin (Tg)			<5
Thyroid hormones			4-8
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone			5-60
Thyroxine (FT4)	free		8-24
	total		4-12
Thyroxine-binding prealbumin			2.8-3.5
Thyroxine-binding globulin			1.0-3.4
Tin		0-4	0-1
alpha-Tocopherol (Vitamin E)			5-20
Transcortin	male		1.5-2
	female		1.6-2.5
Transferrin	newborn		1.3-2.75
	adult		2.2-4
	age >60 yrs		1.8-3.8
Triglycerides		8.5-23.5	2.5-30
Triiodothyronine	free		2.3-6.6
	total (T3)		0.75-2.50
Tryptophan		5-10	9-30
Tyrosine		8-14	4-25
Urea		2-4	1.5-4.7
Uric acid	child		2.0-6.7 [3]
	adult, male		3.4-7.2
	adult, female		2.4-6.1
Valine		2-2.9	1.7-4.2
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)			6-16
Vasopressin	hydrated		4.5
	dehydrated		3.7
Zinc		5-13	7-15

In blood banking, the fractions of Whole Blood used for transfusion are also called components.

See also

• Reference ranges for common blood tests

Notes and References

1. Web site: Harmonisation of Reference Intervals. Pathology Harmony (UK). 18 May 2018. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130802082027/http://www.acb.org.uk/docs/Pathology%20Harmony%20for%20web.pdf. 2 August 2013. dmy-all.
2. Pecora . P. . Suraci . C. . Blood Glycerol: Are there normal values? . IRCS Medical Science . 8 . 1 . 62–63 . 1980.
3. Harkness . R. A. . Nicol . A. D. . Plasma Uric Acid Levels in Children . Archives of Disease in Childhood . 44 . 238 . 773–778 . December 1969 . 5356987 . 10.1136/adc.44.238.773. 2020338 .