Rajasthan is a state in northern India. The History of Rajasthan is about 5000 years old. The history of Rajasthan can be classified into three parts owing to the different epochs- Ancient, Medieval and Modern. Rajput clans emerged and held their sway over different parts of Rajasthan from about 700 CE.
Rajputana “land of the Rajputs” was Rajasthan's old name under the British Raj. When India became independent, 23 princely states were consolidated to form the state of Rajasthan, “Home of Rajas”.
Following is a list of dynasties and rulers, which ruled or origin from Rajasthan from Ancient period to Modern period:
See main article: Pratiharas of Mandavyapura.
Rudolf Hoernlé assumed a period of 20 years for each generation, and placed the dynasty's founder Harichandra in c. 640 CE. Baij Nath Puri placed Harichandra in c. 600 CE. R. C. Majumdar, on the other hand, assumed a period of 25 years for each generation, and placed him in c. 550 CE. The following is a list of the dynasty's rulers (IAST names in brackets) and estimates of their reigns, assuming a period of 25 years:
Bauka and Kakkuka were sons of Kakka from different mothers. The Jodhpur and Ghantiyala inscriptions of the two step-brothers give same genealogy of the family, except the last two names. Since these two inscriptions were found not far from each other, it appears that Bauka succeeded Kakka (rather than the two dividing Kakka's kingdom).
See main article: Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty.
1 | Nagabhata I | 730–760 |
2 | Kakustha and Devaraja | 760–780 |
3 | Vatsaraja | 780–800 |
4 | Nagabhata II | 800–833 |
5 | Ramabhadra | 833–836 |
6 | Mihira Bhoja or Bhoja I | 836–885 |
7 | Mahendrapala I | 885–910 |
8 | Bhoja II | 910–913 |
9 | Mahipala I | 913–944 |
10 | Mahendrapala II | 944–948 |
11 | Devapala | 948–954 |
12 | Vinayakapala | 954–955 |
13 | Mahipala II | 955–956 |
14 | Vijayapala II | 956–960 |
15 | Rajapala | 960–1018 |
16 | Trilochanapala | 1018–1027 |
17 | Yasahpala | 1024–1036 |
See main article: Kingdom of Mewar.
Guhila dynasty of Nagada-Ahar is one of the oldest dynasties of Mewar, they ruled in the 6th century and Sisodia Dynasty (1326–1947 CE) is one of the branch of Guhila dynasty.
See main article: Guhila dynasty and Gahlot.
1 | Rawal Guhil | 566–586 | |
2 | Rawal Bhoj | 586–606 | |
3 | Rawal Mahendra I | 606–626 | |
4 | Rawal Naga (Nagaditya) | 626–646 | |
5 | Rawal Shiladitya | 646–661 | |
6 | Rawal Aprajeet | 661–688 | |
7 | Rawal Mahendra II | 688–716 | |
8 | Bappa Rawal | 728–753 | |
9 | Rawal Khuman I | 753–773 | |
10 | Rawal Mattat | 773–793 | |
11 | Rawal Bhartri Bhatt I | 793–813 | |
12 | Rawal Sinh | 813–828 | |
13 | Rawal Khuman II | 828–853 | |
14 | Rawal Mahayak | 853–878 | |
15 | Rawal Khuman III | 878–926 | |
16 | Rawal Bhartri Bhatt II | 926–951 | |
17 | Rawal Allat | 951–971 | |
18 | Rawal Narwahan | 971–973 | |
19 | Rawal Saliwahan | 973–977 | |
20 | Rawal Shakti Kumar | 977–993 | |
21 | Rawal Amba Prasad | 993–1007 | |
22 | Rawal Shuchivarma | 1007–1021 | |
23 | Rawal Narvarma | 1021–1035 | |
24 | Rawal Keertivarma | 1035–1051 | |
25 | Rawal Yograj | 1051–1068 | |
26 | Rawal Vairath | 1068–1088 | |
27 | Rawal Hanspal | 1088–1103 | |
28 | Rawal Vair Singh | 1103–1107 | |
29 | Rawal Vijai Singh | 1107–1116 | |
30 | Rawal Ari Singh I | 1116–1138 | |
31 | Rawal Chaudh Singh | 1138–1148 | |
32 | Rawal Vikram Singh | 1148–1158 | |
33 | Rawal Rana Singh | 1158–1168 | |
Post-split Rawal branch rulers | |||
34 | Rawal Khshem Singh(Karana) | 1168–1172 | |
35 | Rawal Samant Singh(Rahapa) | 1172–1179 | |
36 | Rawal Kumar Singh | 1179–1191 | |
37 | Rawal Mathan Singh | 1191–1211 | |
38 | Rawal Padam Singh | 1211–1213 | |
39 | Rawal Jaitra Singh | 1213–1252 | |
40 | Rawal Tej Singh | 1252–1273 | |
41 | Rawal Samar Singh | 1273–1302 | |
42 | Rawal Ratan Singh | 1302–1303 | |
During reign of Rawal Rana Singh (1158–1168), the Guhil dynasty got divided into two branches:
Rawal Khshem Singh (1168–1172), son of Ran Singh, ruled over Mewar by building Rawal Branch.
Rahapa, the second son of Ran Singh started the Rana Branch by establishing Sisoda bases. Later Hammir Singh of Sisoda base started main Sisodia or Mewar dynasty in 1326 CE.
"Rahapa", a son of Ranasimha, established the Rana branch. According to the 1652 Eklingji inscription, Rahapa's successors were:
1 | Rahapa/Karna | 1168 CE | |
2 | Narapati | ||
3 | Dinakara | ||
4 | Jasakarna | ||
5 | Nagapala | ||
6 | Karnapala | ||
7 | Bhuvanasimha | ||
8 | Bhimasimha | ||
9 | Jayasimha | ||
10 | Lakhanasimha | ||
11 | Arisimha | ||
12 | Hammir Singh | 1326 CE | |
See main article: Sisodia dynasty and List of ranas of Mewar.
Hammir Singh | 1326–1364 | He attacked Chittor in 1326 and re-took it from the Khiljis after the family lost it in 1303. Defeated Muhammad Bin Tughluq in SSingoli taking the sultan himself a prisoner of war.Captured Ajmer, Ranthambor, Nagaur and Sopore. | ||
Kshetra Singh | 1364–1382 | Hammir's son, he captured Madalgarh and Bundi, completely annexed Ajmer. He also defeated Amin Shah of Malwa at the "Battle of Bakrole" and inflicted heavy casualties. His death can actually by as late as 1405. | ||
Lakha Singh | 1382–1421 | Khsetra's son, he was defeated multiple battles by Zafar Khan of Gujrat, but the territories were recovered. He rebuilt temples and shrines destroyed by Allaudin Khilji. | ||
Mokal Singh | 1421–1433 | Lakha's son, he defeated the Sultan of Nagaur and Gujrat. Later the sultan of Gujrat invaded Mewar and during this invasion. He was assassinated by his uncles Chacha and Mera. | ||
Rana Kumbha | 1433–1468 | Mokal's son, he first attacked and killed his fathers assassins. Defeated the Sultans of Nagaur, Gujarat and Malwa. Mewar became the strongest kingdom in North India. Built multiple strong forts in Mewar. | ||
Udai Singh I | 1468–1473 | Kumbha' son, he assassinated his father and was then defeated by his brother. | ||
Rana Raimal | 1473–1508 | Son of Kumbha, he killed his brother for assassinating his father. Fought against Malwa sultanate. | ||
Rana Sanga | 1508–1527 | Raimal's son, defeated the Sultan of Gujrat, Malwa and Delhi. Under his rule Mewar reached its pinnacle in power and prosperity. Eventually defeated by Babur.[1] | ||
Ratan Singh II | 1528–1531 | Sanga's son, defeated and killed by Bahadur Shah of Gujarat. | ||
Vikramaditya Singh | 1531–1536 | Sanga's son, assassinated by his cousin Vanvir Singh. | ||
Vanvir Singh | 1536–1540 | Usurper of the throne. Defeated and expelled by his cousin Udai Singh II. | ||
Udai Singh II | 1540–1572 | Sanga's son, defeated Vanvir. Fought against Mughals and was defeated in Siege of Chittorgarh. | ||
Maharana Pratap | 1572–1597 | Udai's son, notable for his military resistance against the Mughals. | ||
Amar Singh I | 1597–1620 | Pratap's son, notable for his struggle against Mughals. | ||
Karan Singh II | 1620–1628 | Amar's son, maintained good relations with Mughals, built many temples, forts and strengthened existing ones. | ||
Jagat Singh I | 1628–1652 | Karan's son, attempted to restore fort of Chittor but Shah Jahan blocked his attempt. | ||
Raj Singh I | 1652–1680 | Jagat's son, fought and defeated Mughals many times. Regained territory and increased the wealth of the kingdom. Fought against Aurangzeb. Eventually poisoned by Aurangzeb's loyalists.[2] [3] | ||
Jai Singh | 1680–1698 | Raj's son, struggled to regain captured parts of Mewar from Mughals.[4] | ||
Amar Singh II | 1698–1710 | Jai's son, invaded neighboring territories, formed an alliance against the Mughals with Jaipur and Marwar. Capitalized over a weak Mughal empire. | ||
Sangram Singh II | 1710–1734 | Amar's son, defeated Ranabaaz Khan at the Battle of Bandanwara. Reestablished relations with a weak Mughal emperor. | ||
Jagat Singh II | 1734–1751 | Sangram's son, started paying Chauth to the Marathas. Heavily invested in placing Sawai Madho Singh on the throne of Jaipur, eventually bankrupting Mewar. | ||
Pratap Singh II | 1751–1754 | Jagat's son. | ||
Raj Singh II | 1754–1762 | Pratap's son, paid heavy tribute to Maratha's, financially devastating Mewar. | ||
Ari Singh II | 1762–1772 | Raj's son, under him, Maratha's raided Mewar multiple times for not paying tribute. | ||
Hamir Singh II | 1772–1778 | Ari's son, underaged when became Rana and died. | ||
Bhim Singh | 1778–1828 | Hamir's brother, under him Mewar was repeatedly raided by Pindaris, Marwar and Jaipur fought for his daughter Krishna Kumari. Accepted sub ordinance of East India Company. | ||
Jawan Singh | 1828–1838 | Bhim's son, abused alcohol, not interested in ruling Mewar. Mewar racked up a lot of debt under his rule. | ||
Sardar Singh | 1838–1842 | Jawan's son | ||
Swarup Singh | 1842–1861 | Ruler during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. | ||
Shambhu Singh | 1861–1874 | Focused on reform of education and social reforms. | ||
Sajjan Singh | 1874–1884 | Shambhu's ruler. | ||
Fateh Singh | 1884–1930 | Sajjan's son | ||
Bhupal Singh | 1930–1948 1948–1955 (titular) | Signed the Instrument of Accession to India, dissolving his kingdom into the India. Titular ruler from 1955 | ||
Titular Maharanas | ||||
Bhagwat Singh | 1955–1984 | Lost the Privy Purse. | ||
Mahendra Singh | 1984–present | Present ruler |
See also: Chauhan (disambiguation).
Chauhans originally known as Chahamanas is the Rajput dynasty. The earliest Chauhan dynasty was Chahamanas of Shakambhari that ruled territory known as Sambhar.
See main article: Chahamanas of Shakambhari.
Following is a list of Chahamana rulers of Shakambhari, Ajmer and Delhi with approximate period of reign, as estimated historian by R. B. Singh:[5]
Serial no. | Regnal names | Reign (CE) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1 | King Chahamana | (Unknown) | Ancient founder of Chahamana clan. |
2 | Vasu-deva | c. 551 CE (disputed) | First known ruler of the dynasty. He ruled the Sapadalaksha region and made Shakambhari (modern Sambhar) as capital. |
3 | Samanta-raja | 684–709 | Identified as the ancient King Manik Rai by R. B. Singh. |
4 | Nara-deva | 709–721 | Naradeva was succeeded by his brother Ajayaraja I. |
5 | Ajaya-raja I | 721–734 | According to Prithviraja Vijaya, he was a great warrior who defeated several enemies. |
6 | Vigraha-raja I | 734–759 | He achieved military successes upon neighbouring kingdom. |
7 | Chandra-raja I | 759–771 | Chandraraja I was a son of the Chahamana king Vigraharaja I. He was succeeded by his brother Gopendraraja. |
8 | Gopendra-raja | 771–784 | The Prabandha-Kosha states that Gopendra defeated Arab invader Muhammad bin Qasim in a battle. |
9 | Durlabha-raja I | 784–809 | He achieved military success against the Pala Empire king Dharmapala as a vassal of the Pratihara emperor Vatsaraja. |
10 | Govinda-raja I alias Guvaka I | 809–836 | The Harsha stone inscription suggests that he was a vassal the Pratihara emperor Nagabhata II. |
11 | Chandra-raja II | 836–863 | He was succeeded by his son Govindaraja II. |
12 | Govindaraja II alias Guvaka II | 863–890 | The Harsha stone inscription describes Govinda II as a warrior. He married his sister to Pratihara emperor Mihira Bhoja. |
13 | Chandana-raja | 890–917 | According to the Harsha stone inscription, Chandana defeated a Tomara ruler named Rudra(Chandrapala). |
14 | Vakpati-raja | 917–944 | His younger son established the Naddula Chahamana branch in 950 CE. |
15 | Simha-raja | 944–971 | He was the first independent ruler of dynasty. He had assume the title of Maharajadhiraja. |
16 | Vigraha-raja II | 971–998 | He joined an alliance formed by the ruler of Lahore against the Ghaznavid ruler Sabuktigin. |
17 | Durlabha-raja II | 998–1012 | He assumed the title Maharajadhiraja. He joined a confederacy of Hindu kings to support Anandapala inBattle of Chach against invasion Mahmud of Ghazni in 1008 CE. |
18 | Govinda-raja III | 1012–1026 | The Prabandha Kosha states that he defeated Mahmud of Ghazni badly. |
19 | Vakpati-raja II | 1026–1040 | Later texts claimed that he defeated Bhoja, the Paramara king of Malwa. |
20 | Viryarama | 1040 (few months) | Paramara king Bhoja attacked Chahamana kingdom and defeated him. |
21 | Chamunda-raja | 1040–1065 | He have defeated a Muslim army led by a Ghaznavid Sultan or general. |
22 | Durlabha-raja III alias Duśala | 1065–1070 | He conquered military successes upon neighbouring kingdom. |
23 | Vigraha-raja III alias Visala | 1070–1090 | He defeated Shahab-ud-Din (general of Ibrahim of Ghazna). |
24 | Prithvi-raja I | 1090–1110 | After defeating Muslim invaders he adopted titles as Parama-bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara. |
25 | Ajaya-raja II | 1110–1135 | He founded the city of Ajmer and moved his capital there. |
26 | Arno-raja alias Ana | 1135–1150 | His title as Maharajadhiraja-Parameshvara. |
27 | Jagad-deva | 1150 | Some sources claimed that he ascended Chahamana throne after killing his father. |
28 | Vigraha-raja IV alias Visaladeva | 1150–1164 | The Chahaman kingdom reached its zenith under him. |
29 | Apara-gangeya | 1164–1165 | He have ascended the throne as a minor, and ruled for a very short period. |
30 | Prithvi-raja II | 1165–1169 | He probably died heirless, so he was succeeded by his uncle Someshvara. |
31 | Someshvara | 1169–1178 | He adopted title of Pratāpalaṃkeśvara. |
32 | Prithviraja III Rai Pithora | 1177–1192 | Last effective ruler of the dynasty who was defeated in the Second Battle of Tarain against Muhammad of Ghor in 1192 CE. |
33 | Govinda-raja IV | 1192 | Ghurid vassal who later established the Chahamana branch of Ranastambhapura in 1192 CE. |
34 | Hari-raja | 1193–1194 | Last ruler of Chauhan dynasty branch of Ajmer. |
See main article: Chahamanas of Naddula.
Following is a list of Chahmana rulers of Naddula, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:
1 | Lakshmana | 950–982 |
2 | Shobhita | 982–986 |
3 | Baliraja | 986–990 |
4 | Vigrahapala | 990–994 |
5 | Mahindra | 994–1015 |
6 | Ashvapala | 1015–1019 |
7 | Ahila | 1019–1024 |
8 | Anahilla | 1024–1055 |
9 | Balaprasada | 1055–1070 |
10 | Jendraraja | 1070–1080 |
11 | Prithvipala | 1080–1090 |
12 | Jojalladeva | 1090–1110 |
13 | Asharaja | 1110–1119 |
14 | Ratnapala | 1119–1132 |
15 | Rayapala | 1132–1145 |
16 | Katukaraja | 1145–1148 |
17 | Alhanadeva | 1148–1163 |
18 | Kelhanadeva | 1163–1193 |
19 | Jayatasimha | 1193–1197 |
See main article: Chahamanas of Jalor.
The Chahamana rulers of the Jalor branch, with their estimated periods of reign, are as follows:[6]
Virama-deva (1311 CE) was last ruler of dynasty, crowned during the Siege of Jalore, but died 2 days later.[7]
1 | Kirti-pala | 1160–1182 | |
2 | Samara-simha | 1182–1204 | |
3 | Udaya-simha | 1204–1257 | |
4 | Chachiga-deva | 1257–1282 | |
5 | Samanta-simha | 1282–1305 | |
6 | Kanhada-deva | 1292–1311 | |
7 | Virama-deva | 1311 |
See main article: Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura.
1 | Govinda-raja | 1192 | |
2 | Balhana-deva | ||
3 | Prahlada-deva | ||
4 | Viranarayana | ||
5 | Vagabhata | ||
6 | Jaitra-simha | ||
7 | Shakti-deva | ||
8 | Hammira-deva | 1283–1311 |
See main article: Kingdom of Amber.
Kachwahas king Sorha Dev and Dulha Rao defeated Meena of Dhundhar kingdom between 950 and 966 CE and established Kingdom of Amber.[8]
He was the last ruler of Kachawa dynasty, he annexed Jaipur State with Union of India in 1949 CE.[10]
Titles were abolished in 1971 according to the 26th amendment to the Indian Constitution.
See main article: Jaisalmer State and Bhati.
Bhati dynasty ruled present Jaisalmer from 600s CE.
See main article: Jadaun Rajputs and Karauli State. Jadaun dynasty ruled over Karauli.
See main article: Jodhpur State.
See also: Rathore dynasty and Marwar.
Name | Notes | Reign began | Reign ended | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Rao Siha | He conquered Pali and became the first rao of the Rathore dynasty in Marwar. He died in the battle of Lakha Jhawar (1273) against Sultan Ghaus ud-din Balban. | 1226 | 1273 |
2 | Rao Asthan | Conquered Kher from the Gohils and Idar from the Bhils. He died in battle against Jalaludin Khilji. | 1273 | 1292 |
3 | Rao Doohad | He conquered more than 140 villages. He was killed in battle against the Parihars. | 1292 | 1309 |
4 | Rao Raipal | He avenged his father by killing the ruler of the Parihars. During a famine in Marwar he distributed his own personal grains to the people. | 1309 | 1313 |
5 | Rao Kanhapal | He suffered raids from the Turko-Afgan tribes and was killed in action defending his lands. | 1313 | 1323 |
6 | Rao Jalansi | He defeated the Sodhas. He took the turban of the Sodha chief to mark his supremacy in the region. | 1323 | 1328 |
7 | Rao Chado | 1328 | 1344 | |
8 | Rao Tida | He was killed in battle against the sultan of Delhi. | 1344 | 1357 |
9 | Rao Kanha Dev | 1357 | 1374 | |
10 | Rao Viram Dev | He died in battle against the Johiyas. | 1374 | 1383 |
11 | Rao Chandra | He conquered Mandore from the Turks in 1406. He further conquered the areas of Nagaur, Sambhar, Khatu, Nadol and Ajmer. He was killed in battle against Salim Shah of Multhan. | 1383 | 1424 |
12 | Rao Kanha | Fought battles with his brothers. Died young in Mandore. | 1424 | 1427 |
13 | Rao Ranmal | He consolidated his rule with the help of the Sisodias of Mewar. He was later assassinated on the orders of Rana Kumbha. | 1427 | 1438 |
Name | Notes | Reign began | Reign ended | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Rao Jodha | Fought Rana Kumbha and reclaimed his lands. He later founded the city of Jodhpur and made it his capital. He subjugated the states of Jalore and Bundi and annexed Ajmer, Sambhar and Mohilavati. | 12 May 1438 | 6 April 1489 | |
2 | Rao Satal | Died from wounds after saving 140 women from Afghan raiders. | 6 April 1489 | March 1492 | |
3 | Rao Suja | March 1492 | 2 October 1515 | ||
4 | Rao Biram Singh | Son of Bagha | 2 October 1515 | 8 November 1515 | |
5 | Rao Ganga | Assisted Rana Sanga in his campaigns against the Sultans of India. | 8 November 1515 | 9 May 1532 | |
6 | Rao Maldeo | Successfully repelled the invasions of Sher Shah Suri. Called as one of the most potent rulers of Hindustan by Ferishta. | 9 May 1532 | 7 November 1562 | |
7 | Rao Chandra Sen | He defended his kingdom for nearly two decades against relentless attacks from the Mughal Empire. | 7 November 1562 | 1581 | |
8 | Raja Udai Singh Mota Raja | He was the father in law of Jahangir and got married his daughter Mani Bai married to him, later on who became parents of Shah Jahan[11] | 4 August 1583 | 11 July 1595 | |
9 | Sawai Raja Suraj-Mal | 11 July 1595 | 7 September 1619 | ||
10 | Maharaja Gaj Singh I | The first to take the title Maharaja by himself | 7 September 1619 | 6 May 1638 | |
11 | Maharaja Jaswant Singh | He fought Aurangzeb in the Battle of Dharmatpur. | 6 May 1638 | 28 December 1678 | |
12 | Maharaja Ajit Singh | Became Maharaja of Marwar after 25 years of war with Aurangzeb. Durgadas Rathore played a key role in the war. | 19 February 1679 | 24 June 1724 | |
13 | Raja Indra Singh | Installed in opposition to Maharaja Ajit Singh by Emperor Aurangzeb but unpopular with people of Marwar | 9 June 1679 | 4 August 1679 | |
14 | Maharaja Abhai Singh | Defeated Sarbuland Khan and occupied all of Gujarat for a short time. | 24 June 1724 | 18 June 1749 | |
15 | Maharaja Ram Singh | First reign | 18 June 1749 | July 1751 | |
16 | Maharaja Bakht Singh | He was the general of the Marwari forces against Sarbuland Khan and defeated him. In the Battle of Gangwana he defeated a combined army of Mughals and Kachwahas. | July 1751 | 21 September 1752 | |
17 | Maharaja Vijay Singh | First reign | 21 September 1752 | 31 January 1753 | |
18 | Maharaja Ram Singh | Second reign | 31 January 1753 | September 1772 | |
19 | Maharaja Vijay Singh | Second reign – Was defeated by Mahadji Scindia and forced to surrender the fort and city of Ajmer. | September 1772 | 17 July 1793 | |
20 | Maharaja Bhim Singh | 17 July 1793 | 19 October 1803 | ||
21 | Maharaja Man Singh | Entered into treaty relations with the British on 6 January 1818. | 19 October 1803 | 4 September 1843 | |
22 | Maharaja Sir Takht Singh | Not in the direct line, but a great-great-great-grandson of Ajit Singh. Formerly Regent of Ahmednagar. | 4 September 1843 | 13 February 1873 | |
23 | Maharaja Sir Jaswant Singh II | Kaisar-i-Hind | 13 February 1873 | 11 October 1895 | |
24 | Maharaja Sir Sardar Singh | Colonel in the British Indian Army | 11 October 1895 | 20 March 1911 | |
25 | Maharaja Sir Sumair Singh | Colonel in the British Indian Army | 20 March 1911 | 3 October 1918 | |
26 | Maharaja Sir Umaid Singh | Lieutenant-General in the British Indian Army | 3 October 1918 | 9 June 1947 | |
27 | Maharaja Sir Hanwant Singh | Ruler of Marwar (Jodhpur) until accession to the Union of India in 1949; died on 26 January 1952 | 9 June 1947 | 7 April 1949 | |
28 | (titular) Maharaja Gaj Singh II of Jodhpur | Became head of the House on 26 January 1952 | 26 January 1952 | Present |
See main article: Bikaner State.
Name | Reign Began (in CE) | Reign Ended (in CE) | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Rao Bika | 1465 | 1504 | First ruler of dynasty and founder of Bikaner city. |
2 | Rao Narayan Singh | 1504 | 1505 | |
3 | Rao Luna Karana (Lon-Karan) | 1505 | 1526 | |
4 | Rao Jait Singh (Jetasi) | 1526 | 1542 | |
5 | Rao Kalyan Mal | 1542 | 1574 | Acknowledged the suzerainty of Emperor Akbar at Nagaur in November 1570 |
6 | Rao Rai Singh I (Rai Rai Singh) | 1574 | 1612 | Important general in the Mughal army like Raja Man Singh I of Amber |
7 | Rai Dalpat Singh (Dalip) | 1612 | 1613 | |
8 | Rai Surat Singh Bhuratiya | 1613 | 1631 | |
9 | Rao Karan Singh (Jangalpat Badhshah) | 1631 | 1667 | Deposed by Emperor Aurangzeb for dereliction of duty at Attock, 11 January 1667. Exiled to his betel gardens at Karanpura in the Deccan. |
10 | Anup Singh | 1669 | 1698 | To be the first to be granted the title "Maharaja" by Emperor Aurangzeb. Served in the Deccan campaign at Salher in 1672, Bijapur in 1675, and the siege of Golconda in 1687. He was administrator of Aurangabad from 1677 to 1678, 'Hakim' of Adoni in 1678, Imtiazgarh and Adoni from 1689 to 1693, and of Nusratabad and Sukkar from 1693 to 1698 CE. |
11 | Rao Sarup Singh | 1698 | 1700 | He died from smallpox at Adoni in the Deccan on 15 December 1700. |
12 | Rao Sujan Singh | 1700 | 1735 | Ordered to attend Emperor Aurangzeb in the Deccan, where he remained for ten years. Faced invasions from Maharaja Abhai Singh of Jodhpur and Maharaja Bakht Singh of Nagaur, but successfully repulsed both. |
13 | Rao Zorawar Singh | 1735 | 1746 | |
14 | Rao Gaj Singh | 1746 | 1787 | The first of his line granted permission to mint his own coinage by Emperor Alamgir II. |
15 | Rao Rai Singh II (Raj Singh) | 1787 | 1787 | |
16 | Rao Pratap Singh | 1787 | 1787 | Reigned under the Regency of his uncle Surat Singh who poisoned him to assume the throne. |
17 | Rao Surat Singh | 1787 | 1828 | He incurred huge debts due to his military adventures which had reduced his state to near anarchy. Entered the protection of the East India Company with a subsidiary alliance on 9 March 1818. |
18 | Rao Ratan Singh | 1828 | 1851 | Received the hereditary title of Narendra Maharaja from Emperor Akbar Shah II and assisted the British by furnishing them with supplies during the First Afghan War of 1841. |
19 | Rao Sardar Singh | 1851 | 1872 | Assisted the British during the Indian Uprising of 1857 and served in person during many of the battles. Removed the name of the Mughal Emperor from his coinage, replacing the words with Aurang Arya Hind wa Queen Victoria. |
20 | Dungar Singh | 1872 | 1887 | Assisted the British during the Second Afghan War. |
21 | Ganga Singh | 1887 | 1943 | Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha) for Bikaner, 1952–1977. On 28 December 1971, India amended its Constitution to remove the position of the rulers of princely states and their right to receive privy-purse payments, thus making him the last ruler of Bikaner. Imperial Conferences and at the League of Nations. |
22 | Sadul Singh | 1943 | 1947 | Signed the Instrument of Accession to the Dominion of India on 7 August 1947. Merged his state into the present state of Rajasthan, India on 30 March 1949. |
23 | Karni Singh | 1947 | 1971 | First titular ruler. |
See main article: Bharatpur State.
See main article: Jhalawar State.
1 | Maharaj Rana Madan Singh | 8 Apr 1838 – 1845 | |
2 | Maharaj Rana Prithvi Singh | 1845 – 29 Aug 1875 | |
3 | Maharaj Rana Zalim Singh II | 29 Aug 1875 – 1 Jan 1899 | |
4 | HH Maharaj Rana Sir Bhawani Singh | 1 Jan 1899 – 13 Apr 1929 | |
5 | HH Maharaj Rana Sir Rajendra Singh | 13 Apr 1929 - 2 Sep 1943 | |
6 | HH Maharaj Rana Sir Harish Chandra Singh | 2 Sep 1943 – 15 Aug 1947 | |