List of battles involving the Rashidun Caliphate explained

This is the list of battles involving the Rashidun Caliphate ranked chronologically from 632, with the first caliph Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, to the last caliph in 661, Ali ibn Abi Talib.

Here is a legend to facilitate the reading of the outcomes of the battles below:

*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside the Rashidun Caliphate, status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result.

Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (632–634)

See main article: Abu Bakr As-Siddiq.

BattleDateOpponentsResultSources
width=15% Startwidth=15% End
Wars of Apostasy
Battle of Zhu QissaJuly 25, 632July 30, 632Rebel apostatesVictory[1] ,[2] ,[3]
Battle of AbraqMid-August 632Rebel apostatesVictory[4] ,[5]
Battle of BuzakhaSeptember 632Rebel apostatesVictory[6] ,[7] ,
Battle of ZafarOctober 632 Rebel apostatesVictory[8] ,,[9]
Battle of Ghamra632Rebel apostatesVictory[10] ,,[11]
Battle of Daumat-ul-JandalJune 14, 633September 10, 633Rebel apostatesVictory[12] ,,[13]
Battle of DibbaNovember 633 Rebel apostatesVictory,[14] ,[15]
633Rebel apostatesVictory[16] ,[17] ,[18]
Battle of Nujair633 Rebel apostatesVictory[19] ,,[20]
Battle of Naqra632633Rebel apostatesVictory[21] ,[22] ,
Muslim conquest of Persia
Battle of the Chains / KazimaApril 633 Sassanian Empire
Arab Christians		Victory[23] ,[24] ,[25]
Battle of the RiverApril 633 Sassanian Empire
Arab Christians		Victory[26] ,[27] ,[28]
Battle of WalajaMay 633 Sassanian Empire
Arab Christians		Victory,[29] ,
633 Sassanian Empire
Arab Christians		Victory[30] ,[31] ,[32]
Battle of UllaisMay 633 Sassanian Empire
Arab Christians		Victory,[33] ,
Siege of Al-HiraMay 633 Sassanian Empire
Arab Christians		Victory[34] ,[35] ,
July 633 Sassanian Empire
Arab Christians		Victory[36] ,,
Battle of Ayn al-TamrJuly 633 Sassanian Empire
Arab Christians		Victory,,[37]
Battle of MuzayyahNovember 633 Sassanian Empire
Arab Christians		Victory,[38] ,[39]
Battle of Muzieh November 633 Sassanian Empire
Arab Christians		Victory[40] ,[41] ,[42]
Battle of SanniNovember 633 Sassanian Empire
Arab Christians		Victory,,
Battle of ZumailNovember 633 Sassanian Empire
Arab Christians		Victory,[43] ,
Battle of FirazDecember 633 Sassanian Empire
Byzantine Empire
Arab Christians		Victory,[44] ,
1st Battle of BabylonJune 634July 634 Sassanian EmpireVictory[45] ,[46] ,[47]
Byzantine–Arab Wars
Expedition of Usama bin ZaydJune 632 Byzantine Empire
Ghassanid Kingdom		Victory[48] ,[49] ,[50]
Battle of DathinFebruary 4, 634 Byzantine EmpireVictory[51] ,[52] ,[53]
Battle of Marj RahitApril 24, 634 Ghassanid Kingdom
Byzantine Empire		Victory[54] ,[55] ,[56]
Battle of al-QaryataynJune 634 Ghassanid Kingdom
Victory[57]
Battle of Sanita-al-Uqab634 Byzantine Empire
Victory[58]
Battle of BosraJune–July 634 Ghassanid Kingdom
Byzantine Empire		Victory[59] ,[60] ,[61]
Battle of AjnadaynJuly 30, 634August 634 Byzantine EmpireVictory,[62] ,[63]
Battle of FahlDecember 634January 635 Byzantine EmpireVictory[64] ,[65] ,[66]

Umar ibn al-Khattab (634–644)

See main article: Umar ibn al-Khattab.

BattleDateOpponentsResultSources
width=15% Startwidth=15% End
Muslim conquest of Persia
Battle of Namaraq634 Sassanian EmpireVictory[67] ,[68] ,[69]
Battle of Kaskar634 Sassanian EmpireVictory[70] ,[71] ,[72]
Battle of Saqatia 634 Sassanian EmpireVictory[73] ,[74] ,[75]
Battle of the BridgeOctober 13, 634 Sassanian EmpireDefeat[76] ,[77] ,[78]
Battle of BuwaibNovember 635 Sassanian EmpireVictory,[79] ,[80]
Battle of al-QadisiyyaNovember 16, 636November 19, 636 Sassanian EmpireVictory[81] ,[82] ,[83]
Battle of Burs636 Sassanian EmpireVictory[84] ,[85] ,[86]
2nd Battle of BabylonDecember 636 Sassanian EmpireVictory,[87] ,[88]
Battle of Sura636637 Sassanian EmpireVictory,,[89]
Battle of Deir Kab636637 Sassanian EmpireVictory,,
Battle of Kusa January 637 Sassanian EmpireVictory,,[90]
Siege of CtesiphonJanuary 637March 637 Sassanian EmpireVictory,[91] ,[92]
Battle of JalulaApril 637 Sassanian EmpireVictory[93] ,[94] ,[95]
First Hormizd-Ardashir battle637/38 Sassanian EmpireVictory[96]
Second Hormizd-Ardashir battle638 Sassanian EmpireVictory[97]
Ram-Hormizd battlebetween 638 and 641 Sassanian EmpireVictory[98]
Battle of Nahavand642 Sassanian EmpireVictory[99] ,[100] ,[101]
Siege of Gundishapur642 Sassanian EmpireVictory[102]
Siege of Shushtar641642 Sassanian EmpireVictory[103] ,[104] ,[105]
Battle of Ispahan642 Sassanian EmpireVictory[106] ,[107] ,[108]
Battle of Waj Rudh643 Sassanian EmpireVictory,[109] ,[110]
Battle of Bayrudh643/4 Sassanian EmpireVictory[111]
Battle of Bishapur (643–644)643–644 Sassanian EmpireVictory[112] ,[113]
Conquest of Sistan643–665 Sassanian Empire
Nezak Huns		Victory[114]
Byzantine–Arab Wars
Battle of Marj al-DibajSeptember 634 Byzantine EmpireVictory[115] ,[116]
Siege of DamascusSeptember 634September 4, 635 Byzantine EmpireVictory[117] ,[118] ,[119]
Battle of Marj al-SaffarJanuary 23, 635 Byzantine EmpireVictory[120] ,[121] ,[122]
Battle of Marj ar-RumMarch 635 Byzantine EmpireVictory,[123] ,[124]
1st Siege of Emesa / HomsDecember 635January 636 Byzantine EmpireVictory,[125] ,[126]
Battle of YarmoukAugust 15, 636August 20, 636 Byzantine Empire
Ghassanid Kingdom		Victory[127] ,[128] ,[129]
Siege of JerusalemJanuary 637End of April 637 Byzantine EmpireVictory[130] ,[131] ,[132]
Battle of Qinnasrin637 Byzantine EmpireVictory,[133] ,[134]
Battle of HazirJune 637 Byzantine EmpireVictory,[135] ,[136] ,[137]
Siege of AleppoJune 637October 637 Byzantine EmpireVictory[138] ,[139] ,
Battle of the Iron BridgeOctober 30, 637 Byzantine EmpireVictory[140] ,[141] ,[142]
2nd Siege of Emesa / Homs638 Byzantine EmpireVictory[143] ,[144] ,[145]
Siege of Latakia / Laodicea638 Byzantine EmpireVictory[146] ,[147] ,[148]
Siege of GermaniciaAutumn 638 Byzantine EmpireVictory[149] ,[150] ,
Siege of PelusiumEnd of 639Early 640 Byzantine EmpireVictory[151] ,[152] ,[153]
Siege of BilbeisMarch 640 Byzantine EmpireVictory[154] ,[155] ,[156]
Bataille de HéliopolisJuly 640 Byzantine EmpireVictory[157] ,[158] ,[159]
Siege of Babylon FortressOctober 640 April 6, 641 Byzantine EmpireVictory[160] ,[161] ,[162]
Siege of AlexandriaJune 641November 641 Byzantine EmpireVictory[163] ,[164] ,
Indo-Muslim Wars
Battle of RasilEarly 644 Rai DynastyVictory[165] ,[166] ,[167]
Muslim-Makurian Wars
First Battle of Dongola642 Kingdom of MakuriaDefeat[168] ,[169] ,[170]

Uthman ibn Affan (644–656)

See main article: Uthman ibn Affan.

BattleDateOpponentsResultSources
width=15% Startwidth=15% End
Muslim conquest of Persia
Battle of Kerman644 Sassanian EmpireVictory[171] ,[172]
Battle of Istakhr650-651 Sassanian EmpireVictory[173]
Battle of Ray (651)651 Sassanian EmpireVictory[174]
Battle of Oxus River651 Sassanian Empire
Göktürk Khaganate		Victory[175] ,[176]
Battle of Nishapur652 Rebels of the House of KarenVictory[177] ,[178] ,[179]
Siege of Herat652 Rebels of the House of Karen
Hephthalites		Victory[180] ,[181] ,[182]
Battle of Badghis654 Rebels of the House of Karen
Hephthalites		Victory[183]
Byzantine–Arab Wars
Siege of Theodosiopolis645/646 Byzantine EmpireVictory[184]
Siege of Dvin645/646 Byzantine EmpireVictory[185]
646 Byzantine EmpireVictory[186] ,[187] ,[188]
647 Byzantine EmpireVictory[189] ,[190] ,[191]
Battle of the Masts655 Byzantine EmpireVictory[192] ,[193] ,[194]
Muslim-Makurian Wars
Second Battle of Dongola651652 Kingdom of MakuriaDefeat,,[195]

Ali ibn Abi Talib (656–661)

See main article: Ali ibn Abi Talib.

BattleDateOpponentsResultSources
width=15% Startwidth=15% End
First Fitna
Battle of the Camel4 December 656 Forces of Muʿawiya & AishaVictory[196] ,[197] ,[198]
July 657 Forces of MuʿawiyaIndecisive[199] ,[200] ,[201]
Battle of Nahrawan17 July 658 KharijitesVictory[202] ,[203] ,[204]

Sources

Notes and References

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  114. Marazi, Hamiddulah (1998). "Sistan's Transition to Islam in Historical Perspective". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 59: 914. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44147064. Sistan was invaded and conquered by expeditions dispatched from Kirman. The Muslim conquest of Sistan began in23 (643'644), when Asim b. Amr and Abdullah b. Umair made an incursion into the land and besieged Zaran
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