| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Abdera | Thrace (near Xanthi), Greece | Avdira | |
| Abila | 13 km north-northeast of Irbid, Jordan | Harta or Hartha | Abila Dekapoleos, Abila (Greek: Ἄβιλα), Seleucia (Greek: Σελεύκεια), Seleuceia, Seleukeia, Seleukheia, Ancient Raphana |
| Abydos | North of Çanakkale, East Bank of Hellespont | Nağara, pronounced Nara | Abydus |
| Acanthus | Athos | Ierissos | Erisso |
| Acharnae | near Acharnes and Ano Liosia, about 10 km north of Athens | Acharnes | Menidi |
| Actium | mouth of the Ambracian Gulf | Punta, abandoned | |
| Adramyttium | Edremit (Town), Balıkesir | Edremit (Town) | Adramyttion, Adramytteion, Atramyttion |
| Aegae | Central Macedonia, near modern Vergina, Greece | abandoned | Aigai |
| Aegina | island in the Saronic Gulf, 17order=flipNaNorder=flip from Athens | Aegina | |
| Aegium | Achaea, Greece | Aigio (Αίγιο) | Egio, Egion |
| Aenea | Chalcidice, northern Greece | abandoned | Ainea |
| Aenus | Turkish Thrace | Enez | Poltyobria, Poltymbria |
| Agrinion | Aetolia-Acarnania, 3 km south-west of modern Agrinio | abandoned | Agrinium |
| Aigosthena | Attica | abandoned | Egosthena |
| Akragas (Akragasta) | Sicily (Italio) | Agrigento | Agrigentum, Kerkent, Girgenti |
| Akrai | Sicily | Palazzolo Acreide | Acrae |
| Akrillai | Hyblaean Mountains, south-eastern Sicily | Chiaramonte Gulfi | Acrillae, Gulfi |
| Akroinon | western Turkey | Afyonkarahisar | Hapanuwa, Nicopolis, Kara Hissar, Afyon, Karahisar-i Sahip, Afium-Kara-hissar, Afyon Karahisar |
| Akrotiri (Ακρωτήρι) | Thera/Santorini, Greece | Akrotiri |
| Alalcomenae | Ithaca | abandoned | |
| Alalia | Corsica | Aléria | Aleria, Alaliē (Ἀλαλίη) |
| Alexándreia (Ἀλεξάνδρεια) | northern Egypt | Alexandria | al-Iskandariyya, Rakotə, Eskendereyya (اسكندريه) |
| Alexandretta | southern Turkey | İskenderun | al-'İskandarūn (الإسكندرون) |
| Alexandria Arachosia | southern Afghanistan | Qandahar | |
| Alexandria Ariana | western Afghanistan | Herat | |
| Alexandria Asiana | Iran | | |
| Alexandria Bucephalous | Pakistan | Jhelum, or more likely Phalia | |
| Alexandria in the Caucasus | near modern Bagram, Afghanistan | | Kapisa |
| Alexandria Eschate | Fergana Valley | Khujand | Alexandria the Furthest, Khüjand, Khodzhent, Khudchand, Chodjend, Ispisar, Leninabad, Leninobod |
| Alexandria on the Indus | at the confluence of the Indus and Chenab rivers, Pakistan, 13 km from modern Uch | abandoned | Uch, Uch Sharif, Alexandria at the Head of the Punjab |
| Alexandria on the Oxus | near Kunduz, northern Afghanistan | abandoned | Ai-Khanoum, Ay Khanum, possibly Eucratidia |
| Alexandria Troas | Troad region of Turkey | | Alexandria of the Troad, Sigia, Antigonia Troas, |
| Alinda | near Karpuzlu, Turkey | abandoned | possibly Alexandria by the Latmos |
| Amarynthos | Euboea, Greece | Amarynthos | Vathia (Médiéval name) |
| Amaseia | Yeşilırmak River, northern Turkey | Amasya | Amáseia (Αμάσεια) |
| Ambracia | Epirus | | |
| Amida | banks of the River Tigris, south-eastern Turkey | Diyarbakır | Diyâr-ı Bekr, Amed, Āmîḏ (ܐܡܝܕ) |
| Amisos | Black Sea coast, Turkey | Samsun | Amisus, Eis Amison, Samsunta, Samsus, Samson, Samsounta |
| Amnisos | Crete, Greece | | Phocis, Greece |
| Amphicaea | Boeotia, Greece | Amfikleia | Amphicleia |
| Amphigeneia | Peloponnese, southern Greece | abandoned | |
| Amphipolis | Central Macedonia, Greece | Amfipoli | |
| Amphissa | Phocis, Greece | Amfissa | Salona |
| Ankon (Ἀγκών) | Adriatic coast of central Italy | Ancona | |
| Antigonea | Chaonia, southern Albania | abandoned | |
| Antipatrea | Illyria, southern Albania | Berat | Beligrad |
| Antioch on the Maeander | south western Turkey, near Kuyucak | abandoned | Antiochia on the Maeander, Antiochia ad Mæandrum, Pythopolis |
| Antioch, Mygdonia | south eastern Turkey | Nusaybin | Soba, Nisibis |
| Antioch on the Orontes | eastern side of the Orontes River, near modern Antakya, Turkey | | Antiochia ad Orontem, Great Antioch, Syrian Antioch |
| Antioch, Pisidia | 1 km northeast of Yalvaç, Isparta Province, Turkey | | Antiochia in Pisidia, Pisidian Antioch (Greek: Ἀντιόχεια τῆς Πισιδίας), Antiochia Caesareia, Antiochia Caesaria, Antiochia in Phrygia |
| Antiochia ad Taurum | near Gaziantep, Turkey | abandoned | Antiochia in the Taurus |
| Andros | Cyclades, approximately 10km (10miles) south east of Euboea | | |
| Apamea | on the Orontes River, about 55 km northwest of Hama, Syria | abandoned | Apameia (Απάμεια), Afamia (أفاميا or آفاميا) |
| Apamea | near the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates, in Iraq | abandoned | Apameia (Απάμεια) |
| Apamea | Sittacene, Iraq, surrounded by the Tigris | abandoned | Apameia (Απάμεια) |
| Apamea | near Nahavand, Iran | abandoned | Apameia (Απάμεια) |
| Apamea Myrlea | on the Sea of Marmara, south of Mudanya, Turkey | abandoned | Apamea Myrleon, Apameia Myrleanos, Brylleion, Myrlea (Μύρλεια), Murleia, Myrleia, Colonia Iulia Concordia, Apamena. |
| Apamea | lake formed by the Birecik Dam, Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey | abandoned | Apameia (Απάμεια) |
| Apamea | Phrygia, Turkey | Dinar | Apameia (Απάμεια), Kibotos (κιβωτός), hê Kibôtos, Cibotus |
| Apamea Ragiana | Media, Iran | abandoned | Apamea Rhagiana, Apamea Raphiana, Apameia Rhagiane, Arsace, Khuvar, Choara |
| Aphidnae | Attica, Greece, about 28 km north of Athens | Afidnes (Αφιδνές, Αφίδναι) | Afidnai |
| Apollonia | Illyria, southernAlbania | abandoned | |
| Apollonia | Mygdonia, northern Greece | abandoned | |
| Apollonia | Pirgos Apollonias, northern Greece, opposite Thasos | abandoned | |
| Apollonia | Chalcidice, northern Greece | abandoned | |
| Apollonia | Aetolia, north western Greece | abandoned | |
| Apollonia | Acte peninsular, northern Greece | abandoned | |
| Apollonia | north coast of Crete, near Knossos | abandoned | |
| Apollonia | south coast of Crete | abandoned | |
| Apollonia | Sicily | possibly Pollina | |
| Apollonia | Cyrenaica, Libya | abandoned | |
| Apollonia | Mysia, western Turkey | abandoned | |
| Apollonia ad Rhyndacum | Mysia, western Turkey | abandoned | |
| Apollonia Pontica | Black Sea coast of Bulgaria | Sozopol | Antheia, Apollonia, Apollonia Magna |
| Apsaros | Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Georgia | Gonio | Apsyrtos (Ἄψυρτος) |
| Argos | Peloponnese, Greece | | |
| Arsuf | 15 km north of Tel al-Rabeea, Palestine | abandoned | Arsur, Apollonia |
| Artanes | on the Danube, north west Bulgaria | Lom | Almus, Lom Palanka |
| Artemita | Babylonia, in the district of Apolloniatis (modern Iraq) | abandoned | Ἀρτεμίτα |
| Argyroupoli | northern Turkey | Gümüşhane | |
| Asine | Argolis, Greece | destroyed | |
| Asine | Messenia, Greece | | |
| Asine | Laconia, southern Greece | Skoutari | |
| Asine | Cyprus | Asinou (Ασίνου) | |
| Asklepios | northern Turkey | Iskilip | Iskila, Aesculapius, Andrapa, Andrapolis, Blocium, Bloacium, Neoclaudiopolis, Neopolis, İmad, Iskelib, İskelib, Direklibel |
| Aspendos | Antalya, southern Turkey | abandoned | |
| Assus | Çanakkale, Turkey | Behramkale | Assos |
| Astacus | western Turkey | İzmit | Nicomedea, Olbia |
| Athens | Attica, southern Greece | | Athenai, Athena (Αθήνα) |
| Athmonia | 7miles north of Athens, Greece | abandoned | |
| Aulon | Illyria, southern Albania | Vlore | Aulona, Vlona, Valona |
| Aytos | eastern Bulgaria | Aitos | Aetos, Ajtos, Astos, Idos, Akvilia | |
| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Callipolis | Canakkale, Hellespont | Gelibolu | Kallipolis, Gallipoli |
| Calydon | Aetolia, Greece | | |
| Caphyae | Arkadia, Greece | | Kaphyai |
| Carystus | near modern Karystos, Euboea, Greece | | |
| Cassandreia | Central Macedonia, Greece | Kassandreia | |
| Cebrene | Troad region of Turkey | | Kebrene, Kevrin, Alexandria (Greek: Αλεξάνδρεια), Antiochia in Troad (Greek: Αντιόχεια της Τρωάδας) |
| Celenderis | Ancient Cilicia | Aydıncık | Kalenderis, Kelenderis |
| Chalcedon | opposite Byzantium, south of Scutari (modern Üsküdar) | Kadıköy | Chalkedon, Calchedon (Καλχήδων) |
| Chalcis | Euboea, Greece | | Chalkida, Halkida, Halkis, Chalkis |
| Chamaizi | Crete, Greece | [Chamaizi is later Turkish name; ancient name unknown] | [Hill is known locally as Souvloto Mouri, ancient [[Minoan civilization|Minoan]] site but possibly not a city] |
| Chersonesos | near Sevastopol, Crimea | | Korsun, Khersones, Chersonese, Chersonesos, Cherson |
| Chimaira | Chaonia, southern Albania | Himara, Himare | Cheimara, Cheimaera, Chimaera |
| Chios | in the island with the same name, Greece | | |
| Chytri | Cyprus | Kythrea | Chytroi (Χύτροι) |
| Clazomenae | near İzmir, in Turkey | Kilizman | Clazomenae (Κλαζομεναί) |
| Cleonae | Argolis, Greece | Archaies Kleones | Kontostavlos |
| Cnidus | situated on Datça peninsula, southwestern Turkey | Tekir | Knidos (Κνίδος) |
| Colosse | Phrygia, Asia Minor (modern Turkey) | abandoned | Κολλοσσαί, Colossae, Chonae, Kona |
| Corcyra | Corfu island, Greece | Corfu | Κέρκυρα, Κόρκυρα, Corcyra, Corfu, Corfù, Kérkyra |
| Corcyra Melaena | Korčula island, Dalmatia (part of modern Croatia) | Korčula | Κόρκυρα Μέλαινα, Kórkyra Mélaina, Corcyra Nigra |
| Corcyra | Kirkuk Gοvernorate, Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) | Kirkuk | Kórkura, Kirkoúk |
| Corinth | Corinthia | Corinth | |
| Croton | Calabria, southern Italy | Crotone | Crotona, Cotrone |
| Cyme | Aeolis, Turkey | Namurt | Kymi, Phriconis |
| Cyrene | near Shahhat, Cyrenaica, Libya | abandoned | |
| Cythera | Ionian Islands, Greece | | | |
| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Hagios Onouphrios | Crete, Greece | | |
| Hagia Triada | Crete, Greece | Ayias Triadha | |
| Halicarnassus | Caria, Turkey | Bodrum | Halikarnassós, Alikarnassós (Ἁλικαρνασσός), Halikarnas, Petronium (Πετρώνιον) |
| Halieis | Porto Heli, Argolis | abandoned | |
| Helike | Achaea, Greece | submerged | |
| Heliopolis | Lebanon | Baalbek | Heliopolis, Baalbek, Ἡλιούπολις |
| Hellespontos | Turkey | Dardanelles | |
| Helorus | south-east coast of Sicily | abandoned | Heloros, Helorum, Elorus, Ἔλωρος, Ἕλωρος, Eloro |
| Hēmeroskopeion | Province of Alicante, Spain | Dénia | Ἡμεροσκοπεῖον, Dianium |
| Heraclea Perinthus | western Turkey | Marmara Ereğli | Heraclea Thraciae, Heraclea (Ἡράκλεια), Heraclea |
| Heraclea | Lucania, Italy | abandoned | Anglona |
| Heraclea | Dalmatian Coast, Hvar | Hvar | Heraclea, Heracleia, Heraclia |
| Heraclea by Latmus | near Lake Bafa, Muğla Province, Turkey | Kapıkırı | Latmus, Λάτμος |
| Heraclea Cybistra | near Ereğli, Turkey | abandoned | |
| Heraclea Lyncestis | Pelagonia, near modern Bitola, North Macedonia | abandoned | Herakleia Lynkestis |
| Heraclea Minoa | near Montallegro, south coast of Sicily | abandoned | Hêrakleia Minôia, Rhachlôtês, Heracliensis |
| Heraclea Pontica | Bithynia, Turkey | Karadeniz Ereğli | |
| Heraclea Sintica | Rupite, Bulgaria | abandoned | |
| Heraclea Trachis | Central Greece, Greece | Heraclea | Trachis, Heraclea Trachinia |
| Heraklion | Crete, Greece | Iráklion | |
| Hermione | Peloponnese, Greece | Ermioni (Ερμιόνη) | |
| Hermonassa | Taman peninsula, Krasnodar Krai, Russia | Tmutarakan (Тмутаракань) | |
| Hierapetra | Southern Crete, Greece | | |
| Hierapolis | Pamukkale, western Turkey | abandoned | Hierapolis (Ἱεράπολις) |
| Himera | northern coast of Sicily | abandoned, site subsequently re-settled | Thermae, Therma, Thermae Himerenses |
| Histria | Black Sea coast of Romania | abandoned | Istros (Ιστριη) |
| Hubla Minor | Sicily, Italy | abandoned | |
| Hubla Gereatis | southern slope of Mount Etna, Sicily | abandoned | |
| Hubla Heraea | Hyblaean Mountains, south-eastern Sicily | Ragusa | Hibla, Heresium, Rogos, Rakkusa |
| Hyele | Campania, Italy | Velia | Elea |
|
| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Kaiete | Campania, Italy | Gaeta | Caiete, Caieta, Kaieta |
| Kallipolis | Caria, south-western Turkey | | |
| Kallipolis | Hellespont, north-western Turkey | Gelibolu | Gallipoli |
| Kallipolis | Apulia, southern Italy | Gallipoli | Callipolis |
| Kamares | Crete, Greece | | |
| Kameiros | Rhodes, Greece | | |
| Kannia | Crete, Greece | | |
| Kamarina | south-eastern coast of Sicily | abandoned | Camarina, Kamerina |
| Kasmenai | Hyblaean Mountains, south-eastern Sicily | abandoned (Buscemi) | Casmenae, Casmene, Kasmenai, Kasmene, Κασμέναι (Kasménai), Κασμένη (Kasménē) |
| Katane | east coast of Sicily | Catania | Katánē (Κατάνη), Catăna, Catĭna, Balad-al-Fil, Medinat-al-Fil, Wadi Musa, Qataniyah |
| Kerkinitida | Crimea, Ukraine | Yevpatoria | Eupatoria (Євпаторія, Евпатория), Kezlev, Kerkinitis, Gözleve |
| Kepoi | Taman Peninsula, Krasnodar Krai, Russia | abandoned, submerged | Cepoi (Κήποι, Кепы) |
| Kimmerikon | Kerch Peninsula, Crimea | abandoned | Cimmericum Crimea |
| Kios | Sea of Marmara, Bithynia, north-western Turkey | abandoned | Cius-Kios (Kίος, Kείος), Keios, Prusa, Prusias, Prusias ad Mare |
| Klazomenai | Ionia, Western Turkey | Urla | Clazomenae |
| Knidos | Caria | | |
| Knossos | Crete | abandoned | Knossus, Cnossus (Κνωσός) |
| Kommos | Crete, Greece | Kommos is the modern name; ancient name unknown | Komos, Komo |
| Korinthos | Korinthia, Greece | Archea Korinthos | |
| Kos | island of the Dodecanese, off Bodrum | | Cos (Κως), İstanköy, Coo, Stanchio |
| Kourion | Cyprus | | Curium, Curias (Κούριον) |
| Kúmē | Campania, Italy | abandoned | |
| Kydonia | Crete, Greece | Chania | Cydonia |
| Kynos | Boeotia, Greece | Livanates | Cynus, Kunos |
| Kyrenia | Cyprus | | Girne | |
| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Lamia | central Greece | | Zetounion (Ζητούνιον), Zitouni (Ζητούνι), Zirtounion, Zitonion, Girton, El Cito |
| Lampsacus | Troad, Turkey | Lapseki | Lampsakos (Λάμψακος), Pityusa, Pityussa, Pituousa (Πιτυουσα), Pituoussa (Πιτυουσσα) |
| Laodicea in Syria | Syrian coast | Latakia | Laodicea ad Mare, Latakiyah, Al-Ladhiqiyah, Laodikeia, Laodiceia, Lazkiye, Laodicea ad Mare |
| Laodicea on the Lycus | Lydia, Turkey | destroyed | Diospolis, Rhoas, Claudiolaodicea, Laodicea ad Lycum, Laodiceia, Laodikeia |
| Laodicea in Media | western Iran | Nahavand | Laodicea in Persis, Antiochia Nahavand, Nahāvand (نهاوند), Nahavend, Nahawand, Nehavand, Nihavand, Nehavend, Mah-Nahavand, Laodicea (Λαοδικεια), Ladhiqiyya, Laodiceia, Laodikeia, Laodicea in Media, Antiochia in Persis, Antiochia of Chosroes (Αντιόχεια του Χοσρόη), Antiochia in Media (Αντιόχεια της Μηδίας), Nemavand, Niphaunda |
| Laodicea Combusta | Lycaonia, Turkey | abandoned | Laodicea Catacecaumene, Laodiceia, Laodikeia, Laodikeia Katakekaumenê, Claudiolaodicea |
| Laodicea ad Libanum | Coele-Syria | abandoned | Laodiceia, Laodikeia, Cabrosa, Scabrosa, Cabiosa Laodiceia |
| Laodicea | Arcadia, Greece | | Laodiceia, Laodikeia |
| Laodicea Pontica | Pontus, north-eastern Turkey | | Laodiceia and Laodikeia |
| Laodicea | Mesopotamia, Iraq | lost | Laodikeia, Laodiceia |
| Laodicea in Phoenicia | Lebanon | Beirut | Laodicea in Canaan, Berytus |
| Lapithos | Cyprus | | Lapta |
| Larissa | Thessaly, Greece | | Yenişehr-i Fenar, Lárisa |
| Larissa | Troad, Turkey | abandoned | |
| Lato | Crete, Greece | | |
| Laüs | Lucania, southern Italy | abandoned | Laus, Laos (Λᾶος) |
| Lebena | Crete, Greece | | |
| Lefkada | island in the Ionian Sea | | |
| Lekhaion | Corinthia, Greece | | |
| Leibethra | Central Macedonia, near modern Skotina, Greece | | |
| Leontinoi | southeastern Sicily | Lentini | Lintini, Leontinoi, Leontini and Leontium |
| Lepreum | Elis, Greece | abandoned | Lepreon, Lepreus |
| Lessa | Epidauria, Greece | abandoned | |
| Lilaea | Boeotia, Greece | Lilaea | |
| Lindus | Rhodes | Lindos | |
| Lissus | Crete, Greece | abandoned | |
| Lychnidos | Southwestern Region, North Macedonia | Ohrid | |
| Epizephyrian Locris | Calabria, southern Italy | destroyed | Locri | |
| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Madytos | Eceabat (Town) | abandoned | Maitos, Madyta, |
| Magnesia on the Maeander | Ionia, western Turkey, on the Maeander river | abandoned | Magnesia ad Maeandrum |
| Magnesia ad Sipylum | Lydia, western Turkey | Manisa | Magnesia on the Sipylum |
| Malia | Crete, Greece | | |
| Mantineia | Arcadia, Greece | abandoned | Mantinea, Antigonia (Αντιγόνεια) |
| Marathon | Attica, Greece | | Marathónas (Μαραθώνας), Marathōn (Μαραθών) |
| Marmara | Balıkesir, Western Turkey | Marmara | |
| Maroneia | Maroneia, Eastern Thrace | Maroneia | Maronya |
| Masis | Epidauria, Greece | Kranidi | |
| Massalia | southern France | Marseille | Massilia |
| Megalopolis | Arcadia, Greece | | Sinanou (Σινάνο) |
| Megara | Attica, Greece | | |
| Megara Hublaea | near Augusta, eastern Sicily | destroyed | |
| Mesembria | Black Sea coast of Bulgaria | Nesebar | Menebria, Mesimvria (Μεσήμβρια), Mesimvria |
| Messene | southern Greece | | |
| Metapontum | Lucania, southern Italy | abandoned | Metapontium (Μεταπόντιον) |
| Methana | Epidauria, Greece | Vathy | |
| Methone | Central Macedonia, Greece | abandoned | |
| Methone | Messenia, southern Greece | | Mothoni (Μοθώνη), Modon |
| Methumna | Lesbos, in the Aegean Sea | | Mithymna (Μήθυμνα), Molyvos, Molivos |
| Miletos | Aydin, Turkey, Balat | abandoned | Milētos, Millawanda, Milawata, Miletus, Milet |
| Misenum | Campania, Italy | Miseno | |
| Mochlos | Crete, Greece | | |
| Monastiraki | Crete, Greece | abandoned | |
| Morgantina | central Sicily | abandoned | Murgantia, Morgantium, Μοργάντιον, Μοργαντίνη, Murgentia, Morgentia |
| Mulai | Sicily, Italy | Milazzo | |
| Mukenai | north-eastern Argolis, near Mykines | abandoned | Mykēnē, Mykēnai |
| Mylasa | Caria, south-western Turkey | Milas | |
| Myndus | Caria, western Turkey | Gümüşlük | Myndos (Μύνδος) |
| Myonia | Phocis, Greece | Agia Efthymia | Myania, Mynia |
| Myra | Lycia, Turkey | Demre | Kale |
| Myrmekion | Crimea, Ukraine | abandoned | Myrmēkion (Μυρμηκιων, Мирмекий) |
| Mutilene | Lesbos, in the Aegean Sea | | |
| Myos | Ionia, Anatolia | abandoned | | |
| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Pactye | Thracian Chersonesos, Turkey | abandoned | |
| Pagasae | Magnesia, central Greece | Platanos, central Greece | |
| Palaikastro | Crete, Greece | Minoan city | |
| Pandosia | Epirus, Greece | abandoned | |
| Pandosia | Bruttium, Italy | castellibero | castrofranco |
| Pandosia | Lucania, Italy | abandoned | |
| Panticapaeum | Taurica, eastern Crimea, Ukraine | Kerch | Pantikápaion | Παντικάπαιον |
| Paphos | Cyprus | | |
| Parium | Mysia, Hellespont | Kemer (Town) | Parion, Adrasteia, Adrastea |
| Paros | Greek island in Aegean Sea | Paros | Plateia, Pactia, Demetrias, Strongyli, Hyria, Hyleessa, Minoa, Cabarnis |
| Parthenope | Port of Neapolis, Campania | Naples | |
| Patrae | Achaea, Greece | Patrai | Pátra (Πάτρα) Patrae |
| Pavlopetri | Laconia, Greece | submerged | |
| Pegai | Megaris, Greece | abandoned | |
| Peiraieús | Attica, Greece | Piraeus | Peiraiás, Peiraieús (Πειραιεύς) |
| Pella | Central Macedonia, Greece | abandoned | |
| Percote | Asian Hellespont, Northeast of Troy | abandoned | Percope |
| Perga | 15 km east of Antalya, Turkey | abandoned |
| Pergamum | Mysia, Turkey | Bergama | Pergamon (Πέργαμος) |
| Petsofas | Crete, Greece | Minoan city | |
| Phaistos | Crete, Greece | | |
| Phálēron | Attica, Greece | Palaio Faliro | Phaleron, Phalerum |
| Phanagoria | Cimmerian Bosporus, Ukraine | abandoned | Matrega |
| Pharae | | | |
| Pharae (Messenia) | | | |
| Pharnacia | northern Turkey | Giresun | |
| Pharos | Croatian island | Hvar | Hvor, For, Pharina, Lesina |
| Phaselis | Lycia, Turkey | abandoned | |
| Phasis | Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti, Georgia | Poti | |
| Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, near Kavala, Greece | Filippoi | |
| Pithekussa | island in Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy | Ischia | |
| Philippopolis | southern Bulgaria | Plovdiv | Pulpudeva (reconstructed Thracian, uncertain), Eumolpias, Philippoupoli, Philippoupolis (Φιλιππούπολη, Φιλιππούπολις), Trimontium, Paldin (Пълдин). Plavdiv (Плъвдив), Filibe |
| Platanos | Crete, Greece | Minoan city | |
| Phlius | Argolid, Greece | abandoned | |
| Pherae | Thessaly, Greece | abandoned | |
| Pherae (Aetolia) | | | |
| Phocaea | western Turkey | Foça | Phokaia (Φώκαια) |
| Phoenice | Chaonia, southern Albania | Finiq | |
| Pinara | Lycia, Turkey | abandoned | Pilleñni (τὰ Πίναρα) |
| Pisa | Elis, Greece | | |
| Pitane | Çandarlı, Turkey | abandoned | |
| Pitiunt | Abkhazia, Black Sea coast | Pitsunda | Bichvinta, Pezonda |
| Pixous | Campania, Italy | Policastro Bussentino | Pixunte |
| Plataea | Boeotia, Greece | destroyed | Plataeae |
| Poseidonia | Campania, Italy | Paestum | Paestum |
| Potidaea | Chalcidice, Greece | Nea Poteidaia | Potidaia (Ποτίδαια), Potidea |
| Priapus | Canakkale, western Turkey | Karabiga | |
| Priene | Ionia, western Turkey | abandoned | |
| Prousa | north-western Turkey | Bursa | Prussa (Προύσα), Brusa |
| Pseira | Crete, Greece | Minoan city | |
| Psychro | Crete, Greece | Minoan city | |
| Pteleum | Thessaly, Greece | destroyed | |
| Pydna | Central Macedonia, Greece | Pydna | Púdna (Πύδνα) |
| Pylos | western Peloponnese, Greece | | Pílos (Πύλος), Navarino, Avarino (Αβαρίνος), Zonklon, Anavarin, Neokastron, Avarmus, Abarinus, Albarinos, Albaxinus, Avarinos, Coryphasium, Iverin, Nelea, Port de Jonc, Porto Giunco, Zunchio. |
| Pyrgos | Black Sea coast of Bulgaria | Burgas | |
| Pyrgos | Northern Crete, Greece | Minoan city | | |
| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Salamis | Cyprus | abandoned | |
| Same (Σάμη) | island in the Ionian Sea, Greece | | |
| Samos | in the island with the same name, Greece | | |
| Scyllaeum | Calabria, Italy | Scilla | | |
| Scolacium (Σκυλλήτιον) | near Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy | Squillace | | |
| Selinus | south-west coast of Sicily, Italy | abandoned-Marinella di Selinunte | Selinunte |
| Seleucia Pieria (Σελεύκεια Πιερία) | south-eastern Turkey | Çevlik[1] | Seleukia Pieria, Seleukia |
| Semasus | Paphlagonia, northern Turkey | Amasra | Cromna, Amastris |
| Sestos | Eceabat, Turkey, North of Abydos | | Sestus |
| Scidrus (Σκίδρος) | Lucania, Italy | location uncertain | |
| Sicyon (Σικυών) | northern Peloponnese, Greece | abandoned | |
| Side | Pamphylia, Turkey | abandoned | Eski Adalia, Old Antalya |
| Sidon | Lebanon | Sidon | Σιδών, Sidon, Saïda |
| Siteia | Crete, Greece | | |
| Sinope (Σινώπη) | Paphlagonia, northern Turkey | Sinop | |
| Siris | Central Macedonia, Greece | Serres | Serrai (Katharevousa), Serras (local dialect, archaic form), Sirra (Roman era and Theopompus), Serez or Siroz (in Turkish), Ser (in Serbian and Bulgarian), Syar (in Bulgarian) |
| Sklavokampos | Crete, Greece | | |
| Smyrna | near İzmir, western Turkey | abandoned | Old Smyrna |
| Soli | Cyprus | abandoned | Soloi |
| Sozopolis | Pisidia, Turkey | abandoned | Apollonia |
| Sparta | southern part of the Peloponnese, Greece | Sparti | Lakedaimon (Λακεδαίμων), Lakedaimonia (Λακεδαιμωνία), Σπάρτα, Σπάρτη, Spartē. |
| Stagirus | Chalcidice, Greece | abandoned | Stageira (Στάγειρα), Stagira (Στάγιρα), Stagiros (Στάγιρος), Stageiros (Στάγειρος) |
| Stratos | Western Greece | Stratos | |
| Stymphalos | Corinthia, Greece | Stymfalia | |
| Sybaris | near Sibari, Gulf of Taranto, Italy | destroyed | |
| Syrakousai | east-coast of Sicily, Italy | Syracuse | Siracusai, Aretusa. | |
| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Taras (Τάρᾱς) | southern Italy | Taranto | Tarentum, Tarantas (Τάραντας) |
| Tanagra | Boeotia, Greece | | Poimandria |
| Tanais | north-eastern Sea of Azov, Russia | | Tánaïs (Τάναϊς) |
| Tauromenion (Ταυρομένιον) | east coast of Sicily | Taormina | Taurmina, Tauromenium |
| Tegea | Arcadia, Greece | Alea | |
| Temnos | Aeolis, Turkey | abandoned | |
| Tenedos | Turkish island in northern Aegean Sea | Bozcaada | Bozca ada, Tenedhos (Τένεδος) |
| Tenea | Corinthia, Peloponnese | Municipal unit of Tenea |
| Teos (Τέως) | Ionia, western Turkey | abandoned | Teo |
| Termessos (Τερμησσός) | Ionia, western Turkey | abandoned | Termissós |
| Thapsos | Sicily, Italy | abandoned | |
| Thassos (Θάσος) | Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece | Thassos | Limenas, Λιμένας |
| Thebes | Boeotia, Greece | Thēbai (Θῆβαι), Thiva (Θήβα) |
| Theodosia (Θεοδοσία) | Crimea, Ukraine | Feodosiya (Феодосія, Феодосия) | Kefe, Feodosia |
| Therma | Mygdonia, Central Macedonia, Greece | Thessaloniki | Therme (Θέρμα, Θέρμη) |
| Thespiae | Boeotia, Greece | abandoned | Thespiai (Θεσπιαι) |
| Thronium | Illyria/Epirus, near Vlorë, Albania | abandoned | Thronium |
| Thoricus | southern Attica, Greece | abandoned | Thorico |
| Thurii (Θούριοι) | Magna Graecia, southern Italy | abandoned | Thurium (Θούριον), Copia, Copiae, Turios, Thurio Magna Graecia |
| Thyreum | | | |
| Thyria | South of İzmir, Turkey | Tire | |
| Tiruns | Argolis, Peloponnese | abandoned | |
| Tithoraea | Boeotia, Greece | Kato Tithorea | |
| Tomis | Black Sea coast of Romania | Constanţa | Konstantia, Köstence |
| Toróne | Chalcidice, Greece | Toroni | |
| Tragurion | Dalmatian coast, Croatia | Trogir | Traù, Tragurium, Trau |
| Trapeze | Crete, Greece | | |
| Trapezus, Arcadia | Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey | Trabzon | Trapezounta (Τραπεζούντα) |
| Tripolis (Τρίπολις) | Lebanon | Tripoli | |
| Tripolis (Τρίπολις) | Libya | Tripoli | |
| Tripolis (Τρίπολις) | Pontus, north-eastern Turkey | Tirebolu | Ischopolis |
| Tripolis (Τρίπολις) | Thessaly, Greece | | Tripolis Larisaia |
| Tripolis (Τρίπολις) | Phrygia | abandoned | Neapolis, Apollonia, Antoninopolis |
| Troizen (Τροιζήν) | northeastern Peloponnese, Greece | abandoned | Troizina, Trizina |
| Troliton | Sicily, Italy | abandoned | |
| Troy | Dardanelles, north-eastern Turkey | Truva | Troia (Τροία), Ilion (Ἴλιον), Īlium, Wilusa, Truwisa, Hisarlık |
| Tylissos | Crete, Greece | | |
| Tyras | Ukrainian Black Sea coast | Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi[2] | Cetatea Albă |
| Tyros | Lebanon | Tyre | Τύρος, Tyre, Sur |
| Tyritake (Τυριτάκη) | Crimea, Cimmerian Bosporus | abandoned | | |
