The Nobel Prizes and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, which began in 1969, is a set of award based on Alfred Nobel's will given to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to mankind." Since 1901, the prestigious Swedish Prize have been awarded 609 times to 975 people and 27 organizations including a Vietnamese diplomat.
The first and only Vietnamese Nobel laureate was Lê Đức Thọ when he was awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize jointly with Henry Kissinger.[1] But, Tho rejected the awarded claiming "peace has not yet really been established in South Vietnam."[2] [3]
| Year | Image | Laureate | Born | Died | Field | Citation | Nominator(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citizens | ||||||||
| 1973 | Lê Đức Thọ | 14 October 1911 Nam Trực, Nam Định, Vietnam | 13 October 1990 Hanoi, Vietnam | Peace | "for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973."[4] (awarded together with American diplomat Henry Kissinger) |
The following Vietnam-based organizations are members of a larger organization that are Nobel laureates.
| Year | Image | Individual/ organization | Born | Laureate organization | Citation | Nominator(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peace | |||||||
| 1963 | founded on 23 November 1946 in Ứng Hòa, Hanoi, Vietnam | League of Red Cross Societies | "for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the U.N."[5] |
Since 1967, Vietnamese citizens started receiving nominations for the prestigious Swedish Prize in any category. The following list are the nominees with verified nominations from the Nobel Committee and recognized international organizations. There are also other purported nominees whose nominations are yet to be verified since the archives are revealed 50 years after,[6] among them Nguyễn Chí Thiện[7] (for Literature), Nguyễn Quang Hồng[8] (for Literature), Xuân Diệu (for Literature), Bảo Ninh (for Literature), Kim Thúy (for Literature), Đàm Thanh Sơn (for Physics), Minh-Quảng Trần (for Physics), Trần Thanh Vân (for Physics), Cardinal Nguyễn Văn Thuận (for Peace), 2013 convicted Vietnamese dissidents (for Peace), Amanda Nguyen (for Peace), Lê Công Định (for Peace) and Phạm Đoan Trang[9] (for Peace).
| Image | Nominee | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Citation | Nominator(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physiology or Medicine | |||||||
| Alexandre Yersin | 22 September 1863 in Aubonne, Vaud, Switzerland | 1 March 1943 in Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Vietnam | 1904 | "for his discovery of the plague bacillus."[10] | Jaques-Louis Reverdin (1842–1929) | ||
| Literature | |||||||
| Hồ Hữu Tường | c. 1910 in Thường Thạnh, Cái Răng, Cần Thơ, Vietnam | 26 June 1980 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam | 1969 | [11] | Đông Hồ (1906–1969) | ||
| Vũ Hoàng Chương | 5 May 1915 in Phù Ủng, Ân Thi, Hưng Yên, Vietnam | 6 September 1976 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam | 1972 | [12] | Thanh Lãng (1924–1978) | ||
| Peace | |||||||
| 11 October 1926 Huế, Thừa Thiên Huế, Vietnam | 22 January 2022 Huế, Thừa Thiên-Huế, Vietnam | 1967 | "for his lifelong efforts to promote peace, social justice and reconciliation in between North and South Vietnam."[13] | George McTurnan Kahin (1918–2000) | |||
| Martin Luther King Jr. (1929–1968) | |||||||
| Walter Nash (1882–1968) | |||||||
| Jim Cairns (1914–2003) | |||||||
| John G. Dow (1905–2003) | |||||||
| Lawrence Fuchs (1927–2013) | |||||||
| Horace L. Friess (1900–1975) | |||||||
| Lê Đức Thọ | 14 October 1911 in Nam Trực, Nam Định, Vietnam | 13 October 1990 in Hanoi, Vietnam | 1972 | [14] | John Sanness (1913–1984) | ||
| 28 December 1922 in Cam Lộ, Quảng Trị, Vietnam | 18 April 1986 in Monterey Park, California, United States | 1972 | Vietnamese professors and members of the South Vietnamese government | ||||
| Thích Quảng Độ | 27 November 1928 in Thành Châu, Thái Bình, Vietnam | 22 February 2020 in Hồ Chí Minh City, Vietnam | 1978 | "[with [[Thích Huyền Quang|Quang]]] for their non-violent struggle for human rights and opposition against the Communist regime in Vietnam."[15] | |||
| 2013 | "[with [[Thadeus Nguyễn Văn Lý|Lý]]] for their selfless devotion in the pursuit of peaceful political reform and respect for fundamental freedoms in Vietnam." | ||||||
| 19 September 1919 An Nhơn, Bình Định, Vietnam | 5 July 2005 Hồ Chí Minh City, Vietnam | 1978 | "[with [[Thích Quảng Độ|Độ]]] for their non-violent struggle for human rights and opposition against the Communist regime in Vietnam."[16] | ||||
| 2008 | "for his non-violent combat for freedom and justice amidst intimidation and imprisonment for three decades, inspiring Vietnamese of all generations and helping them to overcome fear."[17] | 60 members of the European Parliament | |||||
| 67 members of the Italian Parliament | |||||||
| members of the United States Congress | |||||||
| 12 Vietnamese women (part of the 1000 PeaceWomen) | began in 2003 in Bern, Switzerland | 2005 | "in recognition of women's efforts and visibility in promoting peace all over the world."[18] | Ruth-Gaby Vermont-Mangold (b. 1941) | |||
| 15 May 1946 Vĩnh Chấp, Vĩnh Linh, Quảng Trị, Vietnam | 2013 | "[with [[Thích Quảng Độ|Độ]]] for their selfless devotion in the pursuit of peaceful political reform and respect for fundamental freedoms in Vietnam."[19] [20] | |||||