As of 2023, Romania has produced four Nobel laureates in the fields of Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Nobel Peace Prize.[1]
| Year | Image | Laureate | Born | Died | Field | Citation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citizens | |||||||
| 1974 | George Emil Palade | 19 November 1912 in Iași, Romania | 8 October 2008 in Del Mar, California, United States | Physiology or Medicine | "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell."[2] (shared with American-Belgian cell biologist Albert Claude and Belgian biochemist Christian de Duve) | ||
| 1986 | Eliezer "Elie" Wiesel | 30 September 1928 in Sighetu Marmației, Maramureș, Romania | 2 July 2016 in Manhattan, New York, United States | Peace | "for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace, atonement and dignity."[3] | ||
| 2010 | Herta Müller | 17 August 1953 in Nițchidorf, Timiș, Romania | Literature | "who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed."[4] | |||
| 2014 | Stefan Walter Hell | 23 December 1962 in Arad, Romania | Chemistry | "for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy."[5] (shared with American physicist Eric Betzig and physical chemist William E. Moerner) | |||
| Expatriates | |||||||
| 1907 | Eduard Buchner | 20 May 1860 in Munich, Bavaria, Germany | 13 August 1917 in Focșani, Vrancea, Romania | Chemistry | "for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation."[6] |
| Image | Nominee | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Citation | Nominator(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physics | |||||||
| Hermann Julius Oberth | 25 June 1894 in Sibiu, Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary. | 28 December 1989 in Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany | 1967 | "for contributions to astronautics and rocketry, and discovering the effect for fuel-saving maneuvers in interplanetary space flights (Oberth effect)."[7] | (1924–2016)  Austria | ||
| Chemistry | |||||||
| Costin Nenițescu | 15 July 1902 in Bucharest, Romania | 28 July 1970 in Bușteni, Prahova, Romania | 1969 | "for discovering two new syntheses for the indole nucleus, and a new method of polymerisation of ethylene.[8] | Paul Doughty Bartlett (1907–1997)  United States | ||
| Physiology or Medicine | |||||||
| Victor Babeș | 28 July 1854 in Vienna, Austria | 19 October 1926 in Bucharest, Romania | 1914 | "for work on pathological anatomy, and the discovery of the first piroplasmosis."[9] | (1867–1954)  Romania | ||
| 1924 | "for work on the pathological anatomy, symptomatology, prophylaxis and treatment of pellagra."[10] | Gheorghe Marinescu et al. (1863–1938) Romania | |||||
| Constantin Levaditi | 1 August 1874 in Galați, Romania | 5 September 1953 in Paris, France | 1922 | "for work on the virus of poliomyelitis, influenza and sleeping sickness."[11] | (1881–1957)  Belgium | ||
| 1924 | "for work on experimental syphilis." | (1890–1980)  Brazil | |||||
| 1927 | "for discovery of new chemical treatments for syphilis, and of a new method for the prevention of the disease." | (1868–1939)  Sweden | |||||
| 1930 | "for work on metallotherapy in the treatment of spirochet diseases, and work on the use of bismuth and stovarsol in the treatment of syphilis." | et al. (1876–1967)  France | |||||
| 1931 | "for work on the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of metals, especially bismuth, in the treatment of syphilis, and the conditions at which their pharmacodynamic effects arise." | Israel Holmgren et al. (1871–1961) Sweden | |||||
| 1932 | "for work on chemotherapy, and work on bismuth therapy against syphilis and syphilis prevention." | Karl Landsteiner et al. (1868–1943) Austria United States | |||||
| 1933 | "Work on the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of bismuth on syphilis." | et al. (1879–1967) Sweden | |||||
| 1934 | "for work on syphilis, especially on metallotherapy and metalloprophylaxis, and on treponema's states of latency." | Louis Spillman (1875–1940) France | |||||
| 1935 | "for work in the area of microbiology, Wassermann's reaction, the treatment of syphilis and the pathogenesis in tertiary syphilis." | Henri Gougerot (1881–1955) France | |||||
| 1938 | "for work on the use of bismuth in the therapy of syphilis." | Ștefan S. Nicolau (1896–1967) Romania | |||||
| 1939 | "for work on bacteriology, ultra virus, sulphanilamides and chemotherapy, particularly on the introduction of the use of bismuth in the treatment of syphilis." | René Le Blaye et al. (1881–1941) France | |||||
| 13 September 1860 in Ploiești, Prahova, Romania | 28 March 1926 in Bucharest, Romania | 1924 | "for work on the anatomy, physiology and surgery of the neck and chest sympathicus."[12] | Nicolae Paulescu et al. (1869–1931) Romania | |||
| 25 November 1863 in Bucharest, Romania | 14 January 1934 in Bucharest, Romania | 1933 | "for work on immunity reaction on invertebrates and contact immunity."[13] | E. Techoueyres el al. France | |||
| Literature | |||||||
| Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol | 23 March 1847 in Iași, Romania | 27 February 1920 in Bucharest, Romania | 1901, 1909 | The History of the Romanians in Trajan's Dacia (1888–93) The Fundamental Principles of History (1899)[14] | (1859–1949) Romania | ||
| Dezső Szabó | 10 June 1879 in Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania | 13 January 1945 in Budapest, Hungary | 1935 | The Eroded Village (1919) Wonderful Life (1920) Resurrection in Makucska (1925)[15] | Björn Collinder (1894–1983) Sweden | ||
| Martha Bibescu | 28 January 1886 in Bucharest, Romania | 28 November 1973 in Paris, France | 1956 | The Green Parrot (1923) Isvor, Land of Willows (1924) Catherine-Paris (1927) At the Ball with Marcel Proust (1928)[16] | Auguste-Armand de la Force et al. (1878–1961) France | ||
| Mircea Eliade | 13 March 1907 in Bucharest, Romania | 22 April 1986 in Chicago, Illinois, United States | 1957 | Bengal Nights (1933) Miss Christina (1936) Marriage in Heaven (1938) The Forbidden Forest (1955) The Forge and the Crucible (1956)[17] | Ernest Koliqi (1903–1975)  Albania | ||
| 1968 | Stig Wikander (1908–1983) Sweden | ||||||
| Paul Celan | 23 November 1920 in Cernăuți, Romania (now Chernivtsi, Ukraine) | 20 April 1970 in Paris, France | 1964 | The Sand from the Urns (1948) Poppy and Destiny (1952) From Threshold to Threshold (1955) The No-One's-Rose (1963) Breathturn (1967) Threadsuns (1968)[18] | Hermann Bausinger et al. (1926–2021)  Germany | ||
| 1966 | Henry Olsson (1896–1985) Sweden | ||||||
| 1968 | unnamed nominator | ||||||
| 1969 | Heinz Politzer et al. (1910–1978) Austria | ||||||
| Eugène Ionesco | 26 November 1909 in Slatina, Olt, Romania | 28 March 1994 in Paris, France | 1964 | The Bald Soprano (1948) Jack, or The Submission (1950) The Lesson (1951) The Chairs (1951) Victims of Duty (1952) The New Tenant (1953) The Picture (1955) The Killer (1959) Rhinoceros (1959) Exit the King (1962) The Hermit (1973)[19] | Erik Lindegren (1910–1968) Sweden | ||
| 1967, 1971 | Karl Ragnar Gierow (1904–1982) Sweden | ||||||
| 1968 | et al. (1905–1994) Germany | ||||||
| 1969 | Eyvind Johnson (1900–1976) Sweden | ||||||
| 1970 | Louis Alexander MacKay (1901–1982)  Canada United States | ||||||
| 1972 | Johannes Söderlind (1918–2001) Sweden | ||||||
| Tudor Arghezi | 21 May 1880 in Bucharest, Romania | 14 July 1967 in Bucharest, Romania | 1965 | Fitting Words (1927) Flowers of Mildew (1932) The Black Gate (1932) Tablets from the Land of Kuty (1934)[20] | (1886–1967)  Italy | ||
| Zaharia Stancu | 7 October 1902 in Salcia, Teleorman, Romania | 5 December 1974 in Bucharest, Romania | 1969 | Simple Poems (1927) Camp Days (1945) Barefoot (1948) A Gamble with Death (1962) The Mad Forest (1963) The Gypsy Tribe (1968)[21] | Șerban Cioculescu et al. (1902–1988) Romania | ||
| 1971 | Karl Ragnar Gierow (1904–1982) Sweden | ||||||
| 1972 | Miguel Ángel Asturias et al. (1899–1974)  Guatemala | ||||||
| 1973 | Alf Lombard et al. (1902–1996) Sweden | ||||||
| Eugen Barbu | 20 February 1924 in Bucharest, Romania | 7 September 1993 in Bucharest, Romania | 1970 | Golden Triplet (1956) The Pit (1957) The Making of the World (1964) The Prince (1969)[22] | Alexandru Rosetti (1895–1990) Romania | ||
| Elie Wiesel | 30 September 1928 in Sighetu Marmației, Maramureș, Romania | 2 July 2016 in Manhattan, New York, United States | 1971 | Night (1960) Dawn (1961) Day (1962) The Gates of the Forest (1964) The Oath (1973)[23] [24] | (1915–2007)  Norway | ||
| 1972 | André Neher (1914–1988) France | ||||||
| 1973 | Robert Alter et al. (born 1935) United States | ||||||
| Eugen Jebeleanu | 24 April 1911 in Câmpina, Prahova, Romania | 21 August 1991 in Bucharest, Romania | 1973 | The Smile of Hiroshima (1958) Lidice, Songs against Death (1963) Elegy for the Cut Flower (1966) | Miron Nicolescu et al. (1903–1975) Romania | ||
| Peace[25] | |||||||
| Vespasian Pella | 17 January 1897 in Bucharest, Romania | 24 August 1952 in New York City, New York, United States | 1926 | "for promoting the idea of international criminal proceedings against war crimes through a special international tribunal."[26] | Constantin Dissescu (1854–1932) Romania | ||
| Peter Tomaschek | 11 July 1882 in Siret, Suceava, Romania | 1 December 1940 in Siret, Suceava, Romania | 1931 | "for his visionary ideas on the issues of world peace."[27] | Pantelimon Chirilă (1899–1952) Romania | ||
| 1933 | Ștefan Percec (1873–1938) Romania | ||||||
| 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 | Erast Nastasi (1898-1933) Romania | ||||||
| Andreo Cseh | 12 September 1895 in Luduș, Mureș County, Romania | 9 March 1979 in The Hague Netherlands | 1934 | "for his apostolic action for international understanding and peace, uniting people by means of a common language (Esperanto) and working on reconciliation of mankind."[28] | Henri La Fontaine (1854–1943) France | ||
| Eugen Relgis | 22 March 1895 in Iași, Romania | 24 May 1987 in Montevideo, Uruguay | 1956 | "for his steadfast dedication toward humanitarianism and pacifism.[29] | members of Japanese Parliament | ||
| Elie Wiesel | 30 September 1928 in Sighetu Marmației, Maramureș, Romania | 2 July 2016 in Manhattan, New York, United States | 1970 | "for being a messenger of peace and brotherhood, fighting in for the cause of human rights and building bridges between generations through his literary works." | et al. (1921–2012) France | ||
| 1971 | "for, in terms of his own personal experience of horrors and his subsequent efforts for peace, having become a symbol of hope and an inspiration to peoples throughout the world." | Fred Roy Harris et al. (born 1930) United States | |||||
| 1972 | George McGovern et al. (1922–2012) United States | ||||||
| 1973 | Hubert Humphrey et al. (1911–1978) United States | ||||||
| 4 Romanian (part of the 1000 PeaceWomen) | began in 2003 in Bern, Switzerland | 2005 | "in recognition of women's efforts and visibility in promoting peace all over the world."[30] | ||||