List of Nepenthes species explained

This list of Nepenthes species is a comprehensive listing of all known species of the carnivorous plant genus Nepenthes. It includes 179 recognised extant species, 2 incompletely diagnosed taxa, and 3 nothospecies. Three possible extinct species are also covered.

The official IUCN conservation status of each species is taken from the latest edition of the IUCN Red List.[1] Unofficial assessments based on the IUCN criteria are also included, but are presented in italics. Unless otherwise noted, taxonomic determinations and all other information are sourced from Stewart McPherson's two-volume Pitcher Plants of the Old World, published in 2009.[2] Where recent literature provides an altitudinal distribution that falls outside the range given in Pitcher Plants of the Old World, the discrepancy is noted.

All major islands within a species's geographic range are included. Smaller surrounding islands are listed separately under "Minor islands", though these lists are not exhaustive. In the case of archipelagos such as the Philippines, the individual islands to which the species is native are shown in brackets.

Authorities are presented in the form of a standard author citation, using abbreviations specified by the International Plant Names Index.[3] Years given denote the year of the species's formal publication under the current name, thus excluding the earlier basionym date of publication if one exists.

Extant species

Species Authority Year Image Distribution Altitudinal distribution IUCN conservation status
Nepenthes abalata 2013 Philippines (Culion, Cuyo, Malalison)0–20 m Least Concern
Nepenthes abgracilis 2013 Philippines (Mindanao) 670 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes adnata 1994          600–1200 m Endangered
Nepenthes aenigma[4] 2016 Philippines (Luzon) 1200 m Data Deficient
Nepenthes alata 1837 Philippines (Luzon) 550–? m Least Concern
Nepenthes alba 1924 1600–2187 m
Nepenthes albomarginata 1849 0–1100 m Least Concern
Nepenthes alfredoi2017 Philippines (Mindanao) 160–345 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes alzapan[5] 2013 Philippines (Luzon) 1800 m Data Deficient
Nepenthes ampullaria 1835 0–2100 m Least Concern
Nepenthes andamana[9] M.Catal. 2010 0–50 m[10]
Nepenthes angasanensis 1999 2200–2800 m Least Concern
Nepenthes appendiculata[11] 2011 1450–1700 m Least Concern
Nepenthes argentii 1997 Philippines (Sibuyan) 1400–1900 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes aristolochioides 1997 1800–2500 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes armin[12] 2014 Philippines (Sibuyan) 750 m Least Concern
Nepenthes attenboroughii 2009 Philippines (Palawan) 1450[13] –1726 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes barcelonae[14] 2015 Philippines (Luzon) 1500–1700 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes beccariana 1908 Nias, Sumatra?[15] unknown
(0–<800 m)[16] 		Data Deficient
Nepenthes bellii 1969 Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao) 0–800 m Least Concern
Nepenthes benstonei 1999 150[17] –1350 m[18] Data Deficient
Nepenthes berbulu 2023 1400–2100 m Endangered
Nepenthes biak[19] 2018 Schouten Islands (Biak) sea level Critically Endangered
Nepenthes bicalcarata 1873 0–?950 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes bokorensis 2009 800–1080 m Endangered
Nepenthes bongso 1839 1000–2700 m Least Concern
Nepenthes boschiana 1839 1200–1800 m Endangered
Nepenthes bracteosa Suran. & Nuanlaong 2022 710–760 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes burbidgeae 1882 1200–1800 m Endangered
Nepenthes burkei 1889 Philippines (Mindoro, Panay?) 1100–2000 m Conservation Dependent
Nepenthes cabanae Lagunday, N. E. & Amoroso, V. B. 2019 Philippines (Mindanao) 1020–1050 mCritically Endangered
Nepenthes calcicola Gary W.Wilson, S.Venter & Damas 2023 250–270 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes campanulata 1973 Borneo, Philippines (Palawan?[20]) 100–300 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes candalaga Lagunday & V. B. Amoroso 2022 Philippines (Mindanao) 1800 – 2100 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes ceciliae[21] 2011 Philippines (Mindanao) 1500–1880 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes chang[22] M.Catal. 2010 300–600 m
Nepenthes chaniana 2006 1100–1800 m Endangered
Nepenthes cid 2013 Philippines (Mindanao) 770 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes clipeata 1928 600–800 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes copelandii 1908 Philippines (Mindanao) 1100–2400 m Least Concern
Nepenthes cornuta 2014 Philippines (Mindanao) ~1000 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes danseri 1997 Raja Ampat Islands (Waigeo) 0–320 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes deaniana 1908 Philippines (Palawan) 1180–1296 m Near Threatened
Nepenthes densiflora 1940 1700–3200 m Least Concern
Nepenthes diabolica[23] 2020 2200–2300 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes diatas 1997 2400–2900 m Least Concern
Nepenthes distillatoria 1753 0–700 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes domei M.N.Faizal, A.Amin, & A.Latiff2020 850–1000 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes dubia 1928 1600–2700 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes edwardsiana 1859 1600–2700 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes ephippiata 1928 1300–2000 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes epiphytica[24] 2011 ~1000 m
Nepenthes erucoides 2019 Philippines (Dinagat Islands) 800–929 m Critically endangered
Nepenthes eustachya 1858 0–1600 m Least Concern
Nepenthes extincta[25] 2013 Philippines (Mindanao) 400 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes eymae 1984 1000–2000 m Least Concern
Nepenthes faizaliana 1991 400–1600 m Least Concern
Nepenthes flava 2007 1800–2200 m
Nepenthes fractiflexa 2020 1400–2150 m Near Threatened
Nepenthes fusca 1928 300[26] –2500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes gantungensis[27] 2010 Philippines (Palawan) 1600–1784 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes glabrata 1984 1600–2100 m Least Concern
Nepenthes glandulifera 2004 1100–1700 m
Nepenthes graciliflora 1912 Philippines (Bohol, Leyte, Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Panay, Samar, Sibuyan) 300–1280 m Least Concern
Nepenthes gracilis 1839 0–1100 m Least Concern
Nepenthes gracillima 1908 1400–2000 m Least Concern
Nepenthes gymnamphora 1824 600–2800 m Least Concern
Nepenthes halmahera[30] 2015 Maluku Islands (Halmahera) 10–760 m Least Concern
Nepenthes hamata 1984 1400–2500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes hamiguitanensis[31] 2010 Philippines (Mindanao) 1200–1600 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes harauensis 2022 1100–1400 m Unassessed(?)
Nepenthes hemsleyana[32] 1908 0–200 m[33] Conservation Dependent[34]
Nepenthes hirsuta 1873 200–1100 m Least Concern
Nepenthes hirtella Nuanlaong & Suran. 2022 348 - 355 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes hispida 1895 100–800 m Conservation Dependent
Nepenthes holdenii[35] 2010 600–800 m Near Threatened
Nepenthes hurrelliana 2003 1300–2400 m Least Concern
Nepenthes inermis 1928 1500–2600 m Least Concern
Nepenthes insignis 1928 0–850 m Least Concern
Nepenthes izumiae 2003 1700–1900 m Least Concern
Nepenthes jacquelineae 2001 1700–2200 m Data Deficient / Conservation Dependent[36]
Nepenthes jamban 2006 1800–2100 m
Nepenthes junghuhnii sensu Macfarl. in sched. nom.nud. 1917 1220 m Data Deficient
Nepenthes justinae 2016 Philippines (Mindanao) 1000–1620 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes kampalili Lagunday & V.B. Amoroso 2024 Philippines (Mindanao) 2200–2320 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes kampotiana 1909 Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam[37] 0–600 m Least Concern
Nepenthes kerrii[38] 2010 Thailand

Minor islands: Langkawi? 		400–500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes khasiana 1873 500–1500 m Endangered
Nepenthes kitanglad 2013 Philippines (Mindanao) 1800–2100 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes klossii 1916 930[39] –2000 m Endangered
Nepenthes kongkandana M.Catal. & Kruetr.[40] 2015 0–50 m
Nepenthes krabiensis[41] 2016 600–700 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes lamii 1997 3200–3520 m Least Concern
Nepenthes latiffiana M.N.Faizal, A.Amin & N.Dome2020 1000-1100 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes lavicola 1996 2000–2600 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes leonardoi[42] 2011 Philippines (Palawan) 1300–1490 m Least Concern
Nepenthes leyte 2013 Philippines (Leyte) 900 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes limiana Wistuba, Mey, Golos, S. McPherson & A.S. Rob. 2023 700-2171 m Data Deficient
Nepenthes lingulata 2006 1700–2100 m
Nepenthes longifolia 1994 300–1100 m Least Concern
Nepenthes longiptera 2021 Sumatra[43] 750 - 1600 m Endangered
Nepenthes lowii 1859 1650–2600 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes macfarlanei 1905 900–2150 m Least Concern
Nepenthes macrophylla 1997 2200–2642 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes macrovulgaris 1988 300–1200 m Least Concern
Nepenthes madagascariensis 1797 0–500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes malayensis[44] A.Amin, M.N.Faizal & Dome 2020 Peninsular Malaysia (Terengganu) 800-1000 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes malimumuensis[45] Lagunday, Acma, Cabana, Sabas & V.B. Amoroso 2017 Philippines (Mindanao) 1000–1020 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes manobo Lagunday, Acma, Cabana, Sabas & V.B. Amoroso 2017 Philippines (Mindanao) 1000–1020 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes mantalingajanensis 2007 Philippines (Palawan) 1700–2085 m Least Concern
Nepenthes mapuluensis 1990 700–800 m Endangered
Nepenthes maryae[46] 2016 2100 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes masoalensis 1977 0–400 m Endangered
Nepenthes maxima 1824 D'Entrecasteaux Islands,[47] Maluku Islands, New Guinea, Sulawesi

Minor islands: Wowoni?[48] 		40[49] –2600 m Least Concern
Nepenthes maximoides 2020 Philippines (Luzon, possibly Mt. Banahaw) Critically Endangered(possibly Extinct)
Nepenthes merrilliana 1911 Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao, Samar[50]) 0–1100 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes micramphora 2009 Philippines (Mindanao) 1100–1635 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes mikei 1995 1100–2800 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes mindanaoensis 2001 Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao) 0–1400 m Least Concern
Nepenthes minima[51] 2016 1000–1700 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes mira 1998 Philippines (Palawan) 1550–1605 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes mirabilis 1869[52] Australia, Borneo, Cambodia, Caroline Islands (Palau, Yap), China (Guangdong Province, Hainan,[53] Hong Kong, Macau), D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Java, Laos, Louisiade Archipelago, Maluku Islands, Myanmar, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao), Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam

Minor islands: Babi, Bangka Belitung Islands (Bangka), Banyak Islands, Batu Islands, Bengkalis, Enggano, Ko Lanta, Ko Tarutao, Langkawi, Mendol, Mentawai Islands (North Pagai, Siberut, Sipura, South Pagai), Meranti Islands (Padang, Rangsang, Tebing Tinggi), Nias, Penang, Phuket, Riau Islands (Lingga Islands, Riau Archipelago), Rupat, Tawi-Tawi, Wowoni? 		0–1500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes mollis 1928 ~1800 m Data Deficient
Nepenthes monticola[54] 2011 1400–2620 m Least Concern
Nepenthes muluensis 1966 1700–2400 m Least Concern
Nepenthes murudensis 1997 2000–2423 m Least Concern
Nepenthes naga 2009 1500–2000 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes nebularum[55] 2016 Philippines (Mindanao) ≤1800 m Data Deficient
Nepenthes negros[56] 2013 Philippines (Biliran, Negros) Critically Endangered
Nepenthes neoguineensis 1911 D'Entrecasteaux Islands, New Guinea, Raja Ampat Islands (Misool?) 0–1400 m Least Concern
Nepenthes nigra[57] 2011 1500–2700 m Least Concern
Nepenthes northiana 1881 0–500 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes orbiculata M.Catal. & Kruetr. 2018 sea level
Nepenthes ovata 1994 1700–2100 m Least Concern
Nepenthes palawanensis[58] 2010 Philippines (Palawan) 1100–1236 m Endangered
Nepenthes paniculata 1928 ~1460 m Endangered
Nepenthes pantaronensis 2014 Philippines (Mindanao) "intermediate altitudes" Least Concern
Nepenthes papuana 1928 0–1300 m Least Concern
Nepenthes parvula[59] 2016 Least Concern
Nepenthes peltata 2008 Philippines (Mindanao)865–1635 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes pervillei 1852 350–750 m Least Concern
Nepenthes petiolata 1928 Philippines (Mindanao) 1450–1900 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes philippinensis 1908 Philippines (Busuanga, Coron, Culion, Linapacan, Palawan)[60] 0–600 m Least Concern
Nepenthes pilosa 1928 ~1600 m Data Deficient
Nepenthes pitopangii Chi.C.Lee, S.McPherson, Bourke & M.Mansur[61] 2009 1400–1800 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes platychila 2002 900–1400 m
Nepenthes pulchra[62] 2011 Philippines (Mindanao) 1300–1800 mCritically Endangered
Nepenthes putaiguneung2020 Indonesia (Sumatra)
Nepenthes rafflesiana 1835 Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra

Minor islands: Bangka Belitung Islands (Bangka), Labuan,[63] Riau Islands (Lingga Islands, Natuna Islands, Riau Archipelago) 		0–1200 m Least Concern
Nepenthes rajah 1859 1500–2650 m Endangered
Nepenthes ramispina 1909 900–2000 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes ramos[64] 2013 Philippines (Mindanao)

Minor islands: Camiguin, other neighbouring islands 		at least 670–1400 m Critically Endangered / Near Threatened
Nepenthes reinwardtiana 1852 Borneo, Sumatra

Minor islands: Bangka Belitung Islands (Bangka), Mentawai Islands (Siberut), Nias, Riau Islands (Natuna Islands) 		0–2200 m Least Concern
Nepenthes rhombicaulis 1973 1600–2000 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes rigidifolia 2004 1000–1600 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes robcantleyi Cheek[65] 2011 Philippines (Mindanao) ~1800 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes rosea[66] 2014 450–520 m
Nepenthes rowaniae 1897 0–80 m Least Concern
Nepenthes samar[67] 2013 Philippines (Samar) "low elevation" Critically Endangered
Nepenthes sanguinea 1849 300–1800 m Least Concern
Nepenthes saranganiensis 2003 Philippines (Mindanao) 1800–2100 m Endangered
Nepenthes sericea Golos, Wistuba, G.Lim, Mey, S.McPherson & A.S.Rob. 2023 1300–2183 m Least Concern
Nepenthes sibuyanensis 1998 Philippines (Sibuyan) 1250–1500 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes singalana 1886 2000–2900 m Least Concern
Nepenthes smilesii 1895 Cambodia,[68] Laos, Thailand, Vietnam[69] 0–1500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes spathulata 1935 1100–2900 m Least Concern
Nepenthes spectabilis 1928 1400–2200 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes stenophylla 1890 800–2600 m Least Concern
Nepenthes sumagaya[70] 2014 Philippines (Mindanao)[71] 1600–2247 m Endangered
Nepenthes sumatrana 1895 0–800 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes suratensis[72] M.Catal. 2010 0–200 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes surigaoensis 1915 Philippines (Mindanao) 800–1200 m Endangered
Nepenthes talaandig 2014 Philippines (Mindanao) ~1000 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes talangensis 1994 1800–2500 m Endangered
Nepenthes tboli 2014 Philippines (Mindanao) 1463 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes tenax 2006 0–80 m Least Concern
Nepenthes tentaculata 1873 400–2550 m Least Concern
Nepenthes tenuis 1994 1000–1200 m Endangered
Nepenthes thai[73] 2009 500–600 m Endangered
Nepenthes thorelii 1909 10–20 m[74] Data Deficient
Nepenthes tobaica 1928 380–1800 m Least Concern
Nepenthes tomoriana 1928 0–500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes treubiana 1891 New Guinea, Raja Ampat Islands (Misool?) 0–80 m Least Concern
Nepenthes truncata 1911 Philippines (Dinagat, Leyte, Mindanao) 0–1500 m Endangered
Nepenthes ultra[75] 2013 Philippines (Luzon) 1.5–40(–400?) m Endangered
Nepenthes ulukaliana A.S.Rob., Wistuba, Mey, Golos, G.Lim & S.McPherson 2023 1200–1772 m Near Threatened
Nepenthes undulatifolia[76] 2011 ~1800 m Data Deficient
Nepenthes veitchii 1859 0–1600 m Least Concern
Nepenthes ventricosa 1837 Philippines (Luzon, Panay, Sibuyan) 1000–2000 m Least Concern
Nepenthes vieillardii 1873 0–850 m Least Concern
Nepenthes villosa 1852 1600–3240 m Least Concern
Nepenthes viridis[77] 2013 Philippines (Dinagat, Samar)

Minor islands: numerous unspecified islets off Dinagat 		Endangered
Nepenthes vogelii 2002 1000–1500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes weda 2015 Maluku Islands (Halmahera) 415–1014 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes zygon 2014 Philippines (Mindanao) 1500–1875 m Critically Endangered

Incompletely diagnosed taxa

The following undescribed taxa are taken from Pitcher Plants of the Old World and its supplementary volume, New Nepenthes, published in 2011.[78]

Taxon Image Distribution Altitudinal distribution
Nepenthes sp. Anipahan[79] Philippines (Palawan) 1200–1400 m
Raja Ampat Islands (Misool) 0–30 m

Nothospecies

Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek recognised the following three nothospecies in their monographs on the genus ("A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae)" (1997) and "Nepenthaceae" (2001)). In the recent literature, these taxa have generally been treated as natural hybrids rather than as species. Of the three, N. × kinabaluensis has the strongest claim to species status, as it grows in two large, self-sustaining populations independent of its putative parent species.[80] These populations are reportedly true breeding. Jumaat Haji Adam and C. C. Wilcock advocated the recognition of N. × kinabaluensis as a species in a 1998 article.[81]

Nothospecies Parent species Authority Year Image Distribution Altitudinal distribution IUCN conservation status
Nepenthes × hookeriana N. ampullaria × N. rafflesiana 1881 0–450 m Least Concern[82]
Nepenthes × kinabaluensis N. rajah × N. villosa 1984 2420–3030 m Endangered
Nepenthes × trichocarpa N. ampullaria × N. gracilis 1858 0–800 m Least Concern

Extinct species

Fossil pollen of various provenance, much of it originally described under the form taxon Droseridites, has been tentatively assigned to Nepenthes by several authors.[83] [84] [85] The following three species were transferred to the genus Nepenthes by Wilfried Krutzsch in 1985.

Species Authority Year Location Age
Nepenthes echinatus 1985 Palaeocene
Nepenthes echinosporus 1985 Palaeocene
Nepenthes major 1985 Palaeocene

Some authors consider Droseridites major and D. parvus as synonyms of Nepenthidites laitryngewensis.[86] [87]

Pollen from the Kerguelen Islands originally described as D. spinosus has also been interpreted as belonging to Nepenthes.[88]

See also

Notes and References

  1. [International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]
  2. McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  3. http://www.ipni.org/ipni/authorsearchpage.do Author Query
  4. Gronemeyer, T., W. Suarez, H. Nuytemans, M. Calaramo, A. Wistuba, F.S. Mey & V.B. Amoroso 2016. Two new Nepenthes species from the Philippines and an emended description of Nepenthes ramos. Plants 5(2): 23.
  5. Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Nepenthes alzapan (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Luzon, Philippines. Phytotaxa 100(1): 57–60.
  6. Clarke, C.M. 2001. Appendix C: Distribution Maps. In: Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 299–307.
  7. Rizqiani, S., N.S. Ariyanti & Sulistijorini 2018. Anatomical characters used for defining five species of Nepenthes from Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Life Science 8(3): 311–322.
  8. Mansur, M. 2012. Keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan pemakan serangga dan laju fotosintesisnya di Pulau Natuna. [Diversity on insectivorous plants and its photosynthetic rate in Natuna Island.] Berita Biologi 11(1): 33–42. Abstract
  9. Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes andamana M. Catal. sp. nov. In: . Prague. p. 34.
  10. McPherson, S.R. 2010. Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  11. Lee, C.C., G. Bourke, W. Taylor, S.T. Yeo & K. Rembold 2011. Nepenthes appendiculata, a new pitcher plant from Sarawak. In: McPherson, S.R. . Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 24–35.
  12. Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2014. Expansion of the Nepenthes alata group (Nepenthaceae), Philippines, and descriptions of three new species. Blumea 59: 144–154.
  13. McPherson, S.R. & V.B. Amoroso 2011. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of the Philippines. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  14. Cheek, M., D.N. Tandang & P.B. Pelser 2015. Nepenthes barcelonae (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Luzon, Philippines. Phytotaxa 222(2): 145–150.
  15. Clarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  16. McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sumatra and Java. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  17. McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Peninsular Malaysia and Indochina. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  18. Clarke, C. & C.C. Lee 2012. A revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Gunung Tahan, Peninsular Malaysia. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 64(1): 33–49.
  19. Cheek, M., M. Jebb, B. Murphy & F. Mambor (2018). Nepenthes section Insignes in Indonesia, with two new species. Blumea 62(3): 174–178.
  20. Clarke, C., C.C. Lee & V. Enar 2014. Observations of the natural history and ecology of Nepenthes campanulata. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 43(1): 7–13.
  21. Gronemeyer, T., F. Coritico, M. Micheler, D. Marwinski, R. Acil & V. Amoroso 2011. Nepenthes ceciliae, a new pitcher plant species from Mount Kiamo, Mindanao. In: McPherson, S.R. . Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 412–423.
  22. Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes chang M. Catal. sp. nov. In: . Prague. p. 38.
  23. Bianchi, A., C.C. Lee, M.R. Golos, F.S. Mey, M. Mansur, Y.M. Mambrasar & A.S. Robinson. 2020. Nepenthes diabolica (Nepenthaceae), a new species of toothed pitcher plant from Central Sulawesi. Phytotaxa 464(1): 29–48.
  24. Robinson, A.S., J. Nerz & A. Wistuba 2011. Nepenthes epiphytica, a new pitcher plant from East Kalimantan. In: McPherson, S.R. . Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 36–51.
  25. Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 69: 1–23.
  26. Phillipps, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008. Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  27. McPherson, S., J. Cervancia, C. Lee, M. Jaunzems, A. Fleischmann, F. Mey, E. Gironella & A. Robinson 2010. Nepenthes gantungensis (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant species from Mount Gantung, Palawan, Philippines. In: S.R. McPherson Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. Volume 2. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 1286–1295.
  28. Mey, F.S. 2016. The beautiful Nepenthes kampotiana x bokorensis. Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, 5 October 2016.
  29. Hidayat, S., J. Hidayat, Hamzah, E. Suhandi, Tatang & Ajidin 2003. Analisis vegetasi dua jenis tumbuhan pemakan serangga di Padang Pinang Anyang, Pulau Belitung. [Vegetation analysis of two insectivorous plants in Padang Pinang Anyang, Belitung Island.] Biodiversitas 4(2): 93–96.
  30. Cheek, M. 2015. Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) of Halmahera, Indonesia. Blumea 59: 215–225.
  31. Gronemeyer, T., A. Wistuba, V. Heinrich, S. McPherson, F. Mey & A. Amoroso 2010. Nepenthes hamiguitanensis (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant species from Mindanao Island, Philippines. In: S.R. McPherson Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. Volume 2. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 1296–1305.
  32. Scharmann, M. & T.U. Grafe 2013. Reinstatement of Nepenthes hemsleyana (Nepenthaceae), an endemic pitcher plant from Borneo, with a discussion of associated Nepenthes taxa. Blumea 58(1): 8–12.
  33. McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  34. Clarke, C., J.A. Moran & C.C. Lee 2011. Nepenthes baramensis (Nepenthaceae) – a new species from north-western Borneo . Blumea 56(3): 229–233.
  35. Mey, F.S., M. Catalano, C. Clarke, A. Robinson, A. Fleischmann & S. McPherson 2010. Nepenthes holdenii (Nepenthaceae), a new species of pyrophytic pitcher plant from the Cardamom Mountains of Cambodia. In: S.R. McPherson Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. Volume 2. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 1306–1331.
  36. Hernawati & P. Akhriadi 2006. A Field Guide to the Nepenthes of Sumatra. PILI-NGO Movement, Bogor.
  37. Nunn, R. & C.N.A. Vu 2016. An account of the Nepenthes species of Vietnam. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 45(3): 93–101.
  38. Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes kerrii M. Catal. et T. Kruetr. sp. nov. In: . Prague. p. 32.
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