This is a list of the Brazil's Indigenous or Native peoples.
This is a sortable listing of peoples, associated languages, Indigenous locations, and population estimates with dates. A particular group listing may include more than one area because the group is distributed in more than one area.
The Indigenous peoples in Brazil (pt|povos indígenas no Brasil) comprise a large number of distinct ethnic groups, who have inhabited the country prior to the European. The word índios ("Indians"), was by then established to designate the people of the Americas and is still used today in the Portuguese language to designate these peoples, while the people of Asiatic India are called indianos.
At the time of first European contact, some of the Indigenous peoples were traditionally semi-nomadic tribes who subsisted on hunting, fishing, gathering, agriculture, and arboriculture. Many of the estimated 2,000 nations and tribes which existed in the 16th century died out as a consequence of the European settlement. Most of the Indigenous population died due to European diseases and warfare, declining from an estimated pre-Columbian high of millions to some 300,000 in 1997, grouped into some 200 tribes. A few tribes were assimilated into the Brazilian population.
In 2007, FUNAI reported that it had confirmed the presence of 67 different uncontacted tribes in Brazil, an increase from 40 in 2005. With this addition Brazil has now surpassed New Guinea as the country having the largest number of uncontacted peoples. Seven Terras Indígenas (TI) (Reservations) are exclusively reserved for isolated people:
| Name | Other names | Language | Location | Population census/estimated | Year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aikanã | Massacá, Tubarão, Columbiara, Mundé, Mondé, Huari, Aikaná | Aikanã | Rondônia | 350 | 2014[1] | |
| Aikewara | Akewara, Akewere, Suruí, Sororos | Pará | 470 | 2020 | ||
| Akuntsu | Akunt'su | Akuntsu | Rondônia | 3 | 2022[2] [3] | |
| Amanayé | Amanaié, Amanyé, Araradeua | Amanayé (possibly extinct) | Pará | 174 | 2017 | |
| Amondawa | Amondaua, Amundava, Amundawa, Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Mbo'uima'ga, Envuga | Southern Kagwahiva (Amondawa variety) | Acre, Rondônia | 129 | 2020 | |
| Anacé | Ceará | 2,018 | 2014 | |||
| Anambé | Anambé (possibly extinct) | Pará | 182 | 2020 | ||
| Anapuru Muypurá | Maranhão | 150 | 2021 | |||
| Aparai | Apalai, Apalaí, Apalay, Appirois, Aparathy, Apareilles, Aparai | Aparai | French Guiana, Pará, Suriname | 697 (Brazil: 647, French Guiana: 40, Suriname: 10) | 2020 | |
| Apiaká | Apiacá | Apiaká (extinct) | Mato Grosso, Pará | 1,050 | 2020 | |
| Apinayé | Apinajé, Apinaié | Apinayé | Tocantins | 2,699 | 2020 | |
| Apurinã | Popukare, Ipurinãn, Kangite, Popengare | Apurinã | Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Rondônia | 10,228 | 2020 | |
| Aranã | Krenak (Aranãa variety) | Minas Gerais | 362 | 2010 | ||
| Arapaso | Arapaço, Araspaso, Koneá | Tucano (Arapaso dialect; possibly extinct) | Amazonas | 448 | 2014 | |
| Arapiuns | Arapium | Pará | 2,204 | 2012 | ||
| Arara | Arara do Pará, Ajujure, Ukaragma | Pará Arára | Pará | 377 | 2014 | |
| Arara da Volta Grande do Xingu | Arara do Maia | possibly a Pekodian language (extinct) | Pará | 293 | 2019 | |
| Arara do Rio Amônia | Arara Apolima, Apolima-Arara | Acre | 434 | 2014 | ||
| Arara do Rio Branco | Arara do Beiradão, Arara do Aripuanã, Mato Grosso Arára | Mato Grosso | 249 | 2014 | ||
| Arara Shawãdawa | Arara do Acre, Shawanaua | Panoan | Acre | 677 | 2014 | |
| Araweté | Araueté, Bïde | Tupi-Guarani | Pará | 568 | 2020 | |
| Arikapu | Arikapú, Aricapú | Yabutian | Rondônia | 37 | 2014 | |
| Aruá | Aruachi, Aruáshi | Mondé | Rondônia | 121 | 2020 | |
| Ashaninka | Ashenika, Kampa | Asháninka | Acre, Peru | 99,197 (Brazil: 1,720, Peru: 97,477) | 2020 | |
| Assurini do Tocantins | Akuawa, Asurini | Tupi–Guarani | Tocantins | 671 | 2020 | |
| Assurini do Xingu | Assurini, Awaete | Tupi–Guarani | Pará | 219 | 2020 | |
| Atikum | Aticum | Portuguese | Bahia, Pernambuco | 7,929 | 2012 | |
| Avá-Canoeiro | Canoeiro, Cara-Preta, Carijó, Ãwa | Tupi–Guarani | Goiás, Tocantins | 25 | 2012 | |
| Awa Guajá | Avá, Awá, Awa | Tupi–Guarani | Maranhão | 520 | 2020 | |
| Aweti | Aueti, Awytyza, Enumaniá, Anumaniá, Auetö | Tupian | Mato Grosso | 221 | 2020 | |
| Bakairi | Bacairi, Kurä, Kurâ | Karib | Mato Grosso | 982 | 2014 | |
| Banawá | Arawá | Amazonas | 207 | 2014 | ||
| Baniwa | Baniba, Baniua do Içana, Baniva, Baniua, Curipaco, Dakenei, Issana, Kohoroxitari, Maniba, Walimanai | Arawakan | Amazonas, Colombia, Venezuela | 17,646 (Brazil: 7,145, Colombia: 7,000, Venezuela: 3,501) | 2014 | |
| Bará | Bara tukano, Waípinõmakã | Tucano | Amazonas, Colombia | 340 (Brazil: 44, Colombia: 296) | 2017 | |
| Barasana | Panenoá | Barasana | Amazonas, Colombia | 994 (Brazil: 55, Colombia: 939) | 2014 | |
| Baré | Hanera | Arawakan | Amazonas, Venezuela | 16,516 (Brazil: 11,472, Venezuela: 5,044) | 2014 | |
| Borari | Amazonas, Pará | 1,116 | 2014 | |||
| Bororo | Araripoconé, Araés, Boe, Coxiponé, Cuiabá, Coroados, Porrudos | Bororoan | Mato Grosso | 1,817 | 2014 | |
| Canela Apanyekrá | Canela, Kanela, Timbira | Jê | Maranhão | 1,076 | 2012 | |
| Canela Ramkokamekrá | Canela, Kanela, Timbira, Memortumré | Jê | Maranhão | 2,175 | 2012 | |
| Chamacoco | Ishiro, Jeywo, Yshyro[4] | Zamucoan | Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraguay | 1,611 (Brazil: 40 Paraguay: 1,571) | 2002 | |
| Chiquitano | Chiquito | Chiquitano | Bolivia, Mato Grosso | 88,358 (Bolivia: 87,885, Brazil: 473) | 2012 | |
| Cinta Larga | Matetamãe | Mondé | Mato Grosso, Rondônia | 1,954 | 2014 | |
| Dâw | Dow, Kamã, Makú | Nadahup | Amazonas | 142 | 2020 | |
| Deni | Jamamadi | Arawá | Amazonas | 2,064 | 2020 | |
| Desana | Desano, Dessano | Tucano | Amazonas, Colombia | 3,735 (Brazil: 1,699, Colombia: 2,036) | 2017 | |
| Djeoromitxí | Jabuti, Jabotí, Yabutí | Yabutian | Rondônia | 230 | 2020 | |
| Enawenê-nawê | Enawene Nawe, Enáuenês-nauê, Salumã | Arawakan | Mato Grosso | 951 | 2020[5] | |
| Fulni-ô | Fulniô, Fulni-o | Ia–tê | Pernambuco | 4,689 | 2014 | |
| Galibi do Oiapoque | Kali'na, Kali'na tilewuyu, Galibi | Karib | Amapá, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela | 39,913 (Brazil: 89, French Guiana: 3,000, Suriname: 3,000, Venezuela: 33,824) | 2017 | |
| Galibi-Marworno | Creole | Amapá | 2,822 | 2020 | ||
| Gamela | Maranhão | |||||
| Gavião Akrãtikatêjê | Akratikatêjê | Jê | ||||
| Gavião Kykatejê | Jê | Maranhão | 362 | 2014 | ||
| Gavião Parkatêjê | Parkatejê | Jê | Pará | 646 | 2014 | |
| Gavião Pykopjê | Gavião do Maranhão, Gavião Pukobiê, Gavião do Leste, Timbira, Pykopcatejê | Jê | Maranhão | 769 | 2014 | |
| Guajajara | Guajájara, Guazazzara, Tenetehar, Tenetehara | Tupi–Guarani | Maranhão | 28,858 | 2020 | |
| Guarani Kaiowá | Kaiowá, Caingua, Caiua, Caiwa, Cayua, Kaiova, Kaiwá, Kayova | Tupi–Guarani | Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraguay | 46,097 (Brazil: 31,000, Paraguay: 15,097) | 2012 | |
| Guarani Ñandeva | Apytare, Chiripá, Guaraní, Nhandeva, Tsiripá, Txiripá | Tupi–Guarani | Argentina, Paraguay, MS, PR, RS, SC, SP | 16,393 (Argentina: 1,000, Brazil: 13,000, Paraguay: 2,393) | 2012 | |
| Guató | Guató | Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul | 419 | 2014 | ||
| Hupda | Hup, Hupdë, Jupde, Ubdé | Nadahup | Amazonas, Colombia | 1,500 (Brazil: 1,000, Colombia: 500) | 2012 | |
| Ikolen | Digut, Gavião of Jiparaná, Gavião do Rondônia | Mondé | Rondônia | 691 | 2020 | |
| Ikpeng | Txicão, Txikão, Txikân, Chicao, Tunuli, Tonore, Chicão, Tchicão | Karib | Mato Grosso | 584 | 2020 | |
| Ingarikó | Acahuayo, Acewaio, Akawai, Akawaio, and Kapon | Karib | Roraima, Guyana, Venezuela | 6,456 (Brazil: 1,728, Guyana: 4,000, Venezuela: 728) | 2020 | |
| Iranxe Manoki | Iranxe, Irantxe, Manoki | Iranxe | Mato Grosso | 413 | 2020 | |
| Jamamadi | Canamanti, Kanamanti, Madi, Yamamadí | Arawá | Amazonas | 1,138 | 2020 | |
| Jaraqui | Pará | 163 | 2020 | |||
| Jarawara | Jarauara | Arawá | Amazonas | 271 | 2014 | |
| Javaé | Karajá, Itya Mahãdu | Jê | Goiás, Tocantins | 1,510 | 2020 | |
| Jenipapo-Kanindé | Payaku | Portuguese | Ceará | 328 | 2014 | |
| Jiahui | Jahoi, Diarroi, Djarroi, Parintintin, Diahoi, Diahui, Kagwaniwa | Tupi–Guarani | Amazonas | 115 | 2014 | |
| Jiripancó | Geripancó, Geripankó, Jeripancó, Jeripankó | Alagoas | 1,757 | 2014 | ||
| Juma | Arara, Kagwahibm, Kagwahiph, Kagwahiv, Kavahiva, Kawahip, Kawaib, Yumá | Tupi–Guarani | Amazonas | 12 | 2020 | |
| Ka’apor | Kaapor, Caapor, Kaaporté, Urubú-Kaapor | Tupi–Guarani | Maranhão | 1,914 | 2020 | |
| Kadiwéu | Caduveo, Ediu-Adig, Kadivéu, Kadiveo, Kaduveo, Mbaya-Guaikuru | Guaikuru | Mato Grosso do Sul | 1,413 | 2014 | |
| Kaiabi | Caiabi, Cajabi, Kaiaby, Kajabi, Kawaiwete, Kayabi | Tupi–Guarani | Mato Grosso | 2,734 | 2020 | |
| Kaimbé | Caimbé | Bahía | 1,135 | 2020 | ||
| Kaingang | Kanhgág, Bugre, Caingang, Coroado, Coroados | Jê | Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo | 51,000 | 2022 | |
| Kaixana | Caixana | Tupi–Guarani | Amazonas | 1,410 | 2020 | |
| Kalabaça | Calabaça | Ceará | 227 | 2014 | ||
| Kalankó | Cacalancó | Portuguese | Alagoas | 329 | 2014 | |
| Kalapalo | Calapalo | Karib | Mato Grosso | 855 | 2020 | |
| Kamaiurá | Camayurá | Tupi–Guarani | Mato Grosso | 710 | 2020 | |
| Kamba | Camba | Mato Grosso do Sul | 114 | 2014 | ||
| Kambeba | Cambemba, Omaguá, Omágua | Tupi–Guarani | Amazonas, Peru | 4,375 (Brazil: 875, Peru: 3,500) | 2014 | |
| Kambiwá | Cambiua | Pernambuco | 3,105 | 2014 | ||
| Kanamari | Canamari, Tukuna | Katukinan | Amazonas | 4,684 | 2020 | |
| Kanindé | Ceará | 1,076 | 2014 | |||
| Kanoê | Canoê, Kapixaná, Kapixanã | Kanoe | Rondônia | 319 | 2014 | |
| Kantaruré | Cantaruré | Bahia | 401 | 2014 | ||
| Kapinawa | Kapinauá, Capinawá | Portuguese | Pernambuco | 2,263 | 2020 | |
| Karajá | Iny, Carajá | Jê | Goiás, Mato Grosso, Pará, Tocantins | 4,373 | 2020 | |
| Karajá do Norte | Xambioá, Ixybiowa, or Iraru Mahãndu | Jê | Tocantins | 287 | 2014 | |
| Karapanã | Muteamasa, Ukopinõpõna | Tucano | Amazonas, Colombia | 523 (Brazil: 111, Colombia: 412) | 2014 | |
| Karapotó | Alagoas | 945 | 2020 | |||
| Karipuna do Amapá | Creole | Amapá | 3,030 | 2020 | ||
| Karipuna de Rondônia | Ahé | Tupi–Guarani | Rondônia | 55 | 2014 | |
| Kariri | Cariri, Kiriri | Portuguese | Ceará, Piauí | 159 | 2014 | |
| Karirí-Xocó | Kariri Xucó, Kipeá, Xocó, Xokó, Xokó-Karirí, Xukuru Kariri | Alagoas | 2,334 | 2020 | ||
| Karitiana | Caritiana, Yjxa | Arikem | Rondônia | 333 | 2014 | |
| Karo | Arara de Rondônia, Arara Karo, Arara Tupi, Ntogapíd, Ramaráma, Urukú, Urumí, I´târap | Ramarama | Rondônia | 414 | 2020 | |
| Karuazu | Alagoas | 1,013 | 2010 | |||
| Kassupá | Aikaná | Rondônia | 149 | 2013 | ||
| Katuenayana | Katuwena | Karib | Amazonas, Pará | 140 | 2014 | |
| Katukina do Rio Biá | Tükuna | Katukinan | Amazonas | 2,004 | 2020 | |
| Katukina Pano | Catuquina, Kamanawa, Kamannaua, Katukina do Juruá, Waninnawa | Panoan | Acre | 1,154 | 2014 | |
| Kaxarari | Caxarari | Panoan | Amazonas, Rondônia | 522 | 2020 | |
| Kaxinawá | Cashinauá, Caxinauá, Huni Kuin | Panoan | Acre, Peru | 14,148 (Brazil: 11,729, Peru: 2,419) | 2020 | |
| Kaxixó | Caxixó | Minas Gerais | 301 | 2014 | ||
| Kaxuyana | Caxuiana, Kaxuiâna, Kachuana, Kashujana, Kashuyana, Kaxúyana, Warikiana, Warikyana, Purehno | Karib | Amazonas, Pará | 540 | 2020 | |
| Kinikinau | Terena | Arawakan | Mato Grosso do Sul | 600 | 2016 | |
| Kiriri | Kariri, Quiriri | Portuguese | Bahia | 2,806 | 2020 | |
| Kisêdjê | Kisidjê, Suyá, Khisetje | Jê | Mato Grosso | 536 | 2020 | |
| Kokama | Cocoma | Tupi–Guarani | Amazonas, Colombia, Peru | 30,658 (Brazil: 19,052, Colombia: 236, Peru: 11,370) | 2020 | |
| Koripako | Kuripako, Coripaco, Curipaco, Curripaco | Arawakan | Amazonas, Colombia, Venezuela | 14,425 (Brazil: 1,673, Colombia: 7,827, Venezuela: 4,925) | 2014 | |
| Korubo | Caceteiros | Panoan | Amazonas | 127 | 2020 | |
| Kotiria | Tucano | Amazonas, Colombia | 1,848 (Brazil: 735, Colombia: 1,113) | 2005 | ||
| Krahô | Craô, Kraô, Mehin | Jê | Tocantins | 3,571 | 2020 | |
| Krahô-Kanela | Jê | Tocantins | 122 | 2014 | ||
| Krenak | Crenaque, Crenac, Krenac, Botocudos, Aimorés, Krén | Krenak | Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, São Paulo | 494 | 2020 | |
| Krenyê | Jê | Maranhão | 104 | 2016 | ||
| Krikatí | Kricati, Kricatijê, Põcatêjê, Timbira | Jê | Maranhão | 1,031 | 2020 | |
| Kubeo | Cubeo, Cobewa, Kubéwa, Pamíwa | Tucano | Amazonas, Colombia, Venezuela | 4,859 (Brazil: 565, Colombia: 4,238, Venezuela: 56) | 2014 | |
| Kuikuro | Ipatse Ótomo, Ahukugi Ótomo, Lahatuá Ótomo | Karib | Mato Grosso | 802 | 2020 | |
| Kujubim | Cujubi, Cujubim, Kuyubi, Miqueleno, Towa Panka | Chapacuran | Rondônia | 140 | 2014 | |
| Kulina | Culina, Madiha[6] | Arawakan | Amazonas, Peru | 7,628 (Brazil: 7,211, Peru: 417) | 2014 | |
| Kulina Pano | Culina Pano | Panoan | Amazonas | 6,892 | 2020 | |
| Kuruaya | Caravare, Curuaia, Kuruaia | Munduruku | Pará | 283 | 2020 | |
| Kwazá | Coaia, Koaiá, Koaya, Quaiá | Kwazá | Rondônia | 54 | 2014 | |
| Macuxi | Makuxi, Macushi, Pemon | Karib | Roraima, Guyana, Venezuela | 46,839 (Brazil: 37,250, Guyana: 9,500, Venezuela: 89) | 2020 | |
| Makuna | Baigana, Buhagana, Paneroa, Wuhána, Yeba–masã, Yehpá Majsá, Yepá–Mahsá | Tucano | Amazonas, Colombia | 636 (Brazil: 108, Colombia: 528) | 2017 | |
| Makurap | Makuráp, Macuráp, Macurapi, Makurápi, Massaka | Tupari | Rondônia | 579 | 2014 | |
| Manchineri | Machinere, Machineri, Manitenerí, Maxinéri, Yine | Arawakan | Acre, Bolivia, Peru | 1,460 (Bolivia: 38, Brazil: 1,332,[7] Peru: 90) | 2020 | |
| Marubo | Kaniuá, Marova, Marúbo | Panoan | Amazonas | 2,008 | 2014 | |
| Matipu | Matipuhy, Mariape-Nahuqua | Karib | Mato Grosso | 189 | 2020 | |
| Matis | Matsë, Mushabo, Deshan Mikitbo | Panoan | Amazonas | 529 | 2020 | |
| Matsés | Mayoruna | Panoan | Amazonas, Peru | 4,200 (Brazil: 1,700, Peru: 2,500) | 2016 | |
| Maxakali | Kumanuxú, Maxacalí, Tikmuún, Tikmu'un | Maxakalían | Minas Gerais | 2,407 | 2020 | |
| Mbya | Bugre, Mbiá, Mbua, Mbyá, Mbayá, Guarani Mbya | Tupi–Guarani | Argentina, Paraguay, ES, PA, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP, TO | 30,569 (Argentina: 2,147, Brazil: 7,000, Paraguay: 21,422) | 2012 | |
| Mebêngôkre Kayapó | Kayapo, Caiapó, Kayapó, Kokraimoro, Mebengôkre | Jê | Mato Grosso, Pará | 9,762 | 2014 | |
| Mehinako | Meinako, Mehinaco, Meinacu, Meinaku | Arawakan | Mato Grosso | 341 | 2020[8] | |
| Menky Manoki | Munku, Menku, Myky, Manoki | Iranxe | Mato Grosso | 131 | 2020 | |
| Migueleno | Rondônia | 267 | 2014 | |||
| Miranha | Bora, Boro, Miraña, Mirãnia | Boran | Amazonas, Colombia | 2,130 (Brazil: 1,685, Colombia: 445) | 2020 | |
| Mirity-tapuya | Buia-tapuya | Tucano | Amazonas | 94 | 2017 | |
| Mukurin | Minas Gerais | |||||
| Munduruku | Mundurucu, Maytapu, Cara Preta, Wuyjuyu | Munduruku | Amazonas, Pará | 17,997 | 2020 | |
| Mura | Mura | Amazonas | 18,511 | 2020 | ||
| Nadöb | Macú Nadob, Maku Nadeb | Makú | Amazonas | 483 | 2014[9] | |
| Nahukuá | Nauquá, Nahukwá | Karib | Mato Grosso | 169 | 2020 | |
| Nambikwara | Anunsu, Nambiquara | Nambiquaran | Mato Grosso, Rondônia | 2,332 | 2014 | |
| Naruvoto | Karib | Mato Grosso | 81 | 2003 | ||
| Nawa | Náua | Panoan | Acre | 535 | 2020 | |
| Nukini | Nuquini | Panoan | Acre | 726 | 2020 | |
| Ofaié | Ofayé, Ofaié-Xavante | Jê | Mato Grosso do Sul | 69 | 2014 | |
| Oro Win | Oro-uin | Chapacuran | Rondônia | 88 | 2014 | |
| Palikur | Paricuria, Paricores, Palincur, Parikurene, Parinkur-Iéne, Païkwené | Arawakan | Amapá, French Guiana | 2,655 (Brazil: 1,935, French Guiana: 720) | 2020 | |
| Panará | Kreen-Akarore, Krenhakore, Krenakore | Jê | Mato Grosso | 704 | 2022 | |
| Pankaiuká | Pernambuco | 150 | 2011 | |||
| Pankará | Pernambuco | 3,080 | 2020 | |||
| Pankararé | Pancararé | Portuguese | Bahia | 1,648 | 2014 | |
| Pankararu | Pancaré, Pancaru, Pankarará, Pankararú | Portuguese | Mato Grosso, Pernambuco, São Paulo | 8,184 | 2014 | |
| Pankaru | Pankararu-Salambaia | Portuguese | Bahia | 123 | 2020 | |
| Parakanã | Awaeté | Tupi–Guarani | Pará | 2,042 | 2020 | |
| Paresí | Arití, Halíti | Arawakan | Mato Grosso | 2,138 | 2014 | |
| Parintintin | Cabahyba | Tupi–Guarani | Amazonas | 480 | 2014 | |
| Patamona | Ingarikó, Kapon | Karib | Guyana, Roraima | 5,838 (Brazil: 338, Guyana: 5,500) | 2020 | |
| Pataxó | Patachó, Patashó, Pataso | Maxakalían | Bahia, Mato Grosso | 12,865 | 2020 | |
| Paumari | Pamoari | Arawá | Amazonas | 1,804 | 2014 | |
| Pipipã | Pernambuco | 1,391 | 2013 | |||
| Pira-tapuya | Piratapuya, Piratapuyo, Piratuapuia, Pira-Tapuya, Waíkhana | Tucano | Amazonas, Colombia | 1,156 (Brazil: 756, Colombia: 400) | 2020 | |
| Pirahã | Mura Pirahã, Hiaitsiihi | Mura | Amazonas | 592 | 2014 | |
| Pitaguary | Potiguara, Pitaguari | Portuguese | Ceará | 3,623 | 2014 | |
| Potiguara | Potyguara, Pitiguara | Portuguese | Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte | 18,445 | 2014 | |
| Puruborá | Tupian | Rondônia | 243 | 2014 | ||
| Puyanawa | Poianáua, Puinahua | Panoan | Acre | 745 | 2014 | |
| Rikbaktsa | Aripaktsa, Canoeiro, Erikbatsa, Erikpatsa | Jê | Mato Grosso | 1,600 | 2020 | |
| Sakurabiat | Mequéns, Sakiriabar, Sakurabiat | Tupari | Rondônia | 219 | 2014 | |
| Sateré Mawé | Sateré-Maué, Mawé | Tupian | Amazonas | 16,312 | 2020 | |
| Shanenawa | Katukina Shanenawa | Panoan | Acre | 769 | 2020 | |
| Siriano | Sarirá, Siriana, Siriane, Surianá, Surirá, Suryana | Tucano | Amazonas, Colombia | 751 (Brazil: 86, Colombia: 665) | 2014 | |
| Surui Paiter | Suruí, Paiter | Mondé | Mato Grosso, Rondônia | 1,375 | 2014 | |
| Suruwahá | Zuruahã | Arawá | Amazonas | 171 | 2014 | |
| Tabajara | Ceará, Piauí | 3,279 | 2020 | |||
| Tapajó | Pará | 241 | 2020 | |||
| Tapayuna | Tapayúna, Beiço de pau, Kajkwakratxi | Jê | Mato Grosso, Pará | 432 | 2024 | |
| Tapeba | Perna-de-pau, Tapebano | Ceará | 7,038 | 2020 | ||
| Tapirapé | Apyãwa | Tupi–Guarani | Mato Grosso, Tocantins | 917 | 2020 | |
| Tapuio | Tapuya, Tapuia | Ceará, Goiás, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte | 369 | 2020 | ||
| Tariana | Taliáseri, Tariano, Tariáno, Tarîna | Arawakan | Amazonas, Colombia | 2,889 (Brazil: 2,684, Colombia: 205) | 2014 | |
| Taurepang | Taulipang, Taurepangue, Taulipangue, Pemon | Karib | Roraima, Venezuela | 28,006 (Brazil: 849, Venezuela: 27,157) | 2020 | |
| Tembé | Tenetehara | Tupi–Guarani | Maranhão, Pará | 2,096 | 2020 | |
| Tenharim | Kagwahiva | Tupi–Guarani[10] | Amazonas | 828 | 2014 | |
| Terena | Etelena, Terêna | Arawakan[11] | Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, São Paulo | 26,065 | 2014 | |
| Ticuna | Magüta, Tikuna, Tukuna | Ticuna–Yuri | Amazonas, Colombia, Peru | 72,553 (Brazil: 57,571, Colombia: 8,000, Peru: 6,982) | 2020 | |
| Tingui Botó | Tingui-botó, Carapató, Dzboku’a, Dzubukuá, Karapató, Tingui | Portuguese | Alagoas | 407 | 2020 | |
| Tiriyó | Tirió, Tarona, Yawi, Pianokoto, Wü tarëno, Txukuyana, Ewarhuyana, Akuriyó | Karib | Pará, Suriname | 3,921 (Brazil: 2,076, Suriname: 1,845) | 2020 | |
| Torá | Portuguese | Amazonas | 330 | 2014 | ||
| Tremembé | Ceará | 3,837 | 2020[12] | |||
| Truká | Bahia, Pernambuco | 3,233 | 2020 | |||
| Trumai | Trumái | Trumai | Mato Grosso | 260 | 2020[13] | |
| Tsohom-dyapa | Tyohom-dyapa | Katukinan | Amazonas | 38 | 2016 | |
| Tukano | Daxsea, Tukána, Tucano, Ye´pâ-masa | Tucano | Amazonas, Colombia, Venezuela | 12,090 (Brazil: 5,731, Colombia: 6,330, Venezuela: 29) | 2014 | |
| Tumbalalá | Portuguese | Bahia | 1,381 | 2020 | ||
| Tunayana | Karib | Amazonas, Pará | 107 | 2010 | ||
| Tupari | Tupian | Rondônia | 607 | 2014 | ||
| Tupinambá | Portuguese | Bahia, Pará | 7,656 | 2020 | ||
| Tupiniquim | Tupinikim, Tupinaki, Tupinikim, Tupinikin | Portuguese | Espírito Santo | 3,278 | 2020 | |
| Turiwára | Turiuara | Tupi–Guarani | Pará | 30 | 1995 | |
| Tuxá | Todela, Tusha | Alagoas, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco | 1,703 | 2014 | ||
| Tuyuka | Dochkafuara, Doka-Poara, Doxká-Poárá, Tuiuca, Tuyuca, Utapinopona | Tucano | Amazonas, Colombia | 1,620 (Brazil: 1,050, Colombia: 570) | 2014 | |
| Umutina | Omotina, Balatiponé | Bororan | Mato Grosso | 515 | 2014 | |
| Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau | Jupaú | Tupi–Guarani | Rondônia | 127 | 2020 | |
| Waimiri-Atroarí | Atroahy, Atroaí, Atroarí, Atrowari, Atruahí, Ki’nya, Waimiri Atroari, Kinja | Karib | Amazonas | 2,394 | 2022 | |
| Waiwai | Wai-wai, Ouayeone, Uaieue, Uaiuai | Karib | Amazonas, Guiana, Pará, Roraima | 2,861 (Brazil: 2,691, Guiana: 170) | 2020 | |
| Wajãpi | Wayapi, Wajapi, Oiampi | Tupi–Guarani | Amapá, French Guiana, Pará | 2,562 (Brazil: 1,612, French Guiana: 950) | 2020 | |
| Wajuru | Wayoró, Ayurú, Uaiora, Wajaru, Wayurú, Ajurú | Tupari | Roraima | 248 | 2014[14] | |
| Wapishana | Wapichana, Wapixana, Uapixana | Arawakan | Roraima, Guiana, Venezuela | 17,346 (Brazil: 11,309, Guiana: 6,000, Venezuela: 37) | 2020 | |
| Warekena | Uarekena | Arawakan | Amazonas, Venezuela | 1,659 (Brazil: 1,039, Venezuela: 620) | 2014 | |
| Wari' | Pakaa Nova, Waricaca', Uari, Orowari, | Txapakura | Rondônia | 4,461 | 2020 | |
| Wassu | Uassu, Wasu | Portuguese | Alagoas | 2,014 | 2014 | |
| Wauja | Uauja, Waurá, Waujá | Arawakan | Mato Grosso | 672 | 2020 | |
| Wayana | Uaiana, Upurui, Roucouyen, Orkokoyana, Urucuiana, Urukuyana, Alucuyana | Karib | French Guiana, Pará, Suriname | 1,674 (Brazil: 374, French Guiana: 800, Suriname: 500) | 2020 | |
| Witoto | Uitoto | Witotoan | Amazonas, Colombia, Peru | 7,887 (Brazil: 84, Colombia: 5,939, Peru: 1,864) | 2014 | |
| Xakriabá | Xacriaba | Jê | Minas Gerais | 8,867 | 2014 | |
| Xavante | A´uwe | Jê | Mato Grosso | 22,256 | 2020 | |
| Xerente | Xerentes, Akwê | Jê | Tocantins | 3,964 | 2020 | |
| Xetá | Tupi–Guarani | Paraná | 69 | 2020 | ||
| Xikrin | Caiapós-xicrin, Kayapó Xikrin, Mebengôkre | Jê | Pará | 2,267 | 2020 | |
| Xipaya | Xipaia | Yuruna | Pará | 241 | 2020 | |
| Xokleng | Xoclengue, Aweikoma | Jê | Santa Catarina | 2,153 | 2020 | |
| Xokó | Xocó | Portuguese | Sergipe | 340 | 2014 | |
| Xukuru | Portuguese | Pernambuco | 8,481 | 2020 | ||
| Yaminawá | Yaminawa | Panoan | Acre, Bolivia, Peru | 2,684 (Bolivia: 630, Brazil: 1,454, Peru: 600) | 2014 | |
| Yanomami | Ianomâmi | Yanomami | Amazonas, Roraima, Venezuela | 41,731 (Brazil: 30,390, Venezuela: 11,341) | 2023 | |
| Yawalapiti | Iaualapiti | Arawakan | Mato Grosso | 309 | 2020 | |
| Yawanawá | Iauanauá | Panoan | Acre, Bolivia, Peru | 1,305 (Brazil: 849, Bolivia: 132, Peru: 324) | 2020 | |
| Ye'kwana | Ye'kuana, Yekuana, Yequana, Maiongong, Soto | Karib | Roraima, Venezuela | 8,678 (Brazil: 681, Venezuela: 7,997) | 2020 | |
| Yuhupde | Yuhupdeh, Yuhupdëh | Nadahup | Amazonas, Colombia | 1,308 (Brazil: 1,058, Colombia: 250) | 2020 | |
| Yudja | Jurúna, Iuruna, Jaruna, Yudjá, Yudya, Yurúna | Yuruna | Mato Grosso | 950 | 2020 | |
| Zo'é | Poturu | Tupi–Guarani | Pará | 331 | 2022 | |
| Zoró | Pangyjej | Mondé | Mato Grosso, Rondônia | 787 | 2020 |