List of Hungarian Nobel laureates explained

The Nobel Prizes are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." In 1968, a sixth prize, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, was established.

Hungarians have won (at least) 15 Nobel Prizes since 1905. Eight were born in Budapest. Following is a complete list of the Nobel laureates of Hungary, as recognised by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.^{[1] [2]} However, if persons born as Hungarian citizens are included, then the number rises to 22 in the scientific field and to (at least) 27 in total.^[3] However if all who claim some hungarian ancestry or citizenship are included then the number rises to 37.

Laureates

Hungarians have received Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Economics – in all fields except Peace.

Year	Winner	Field	Contribution
1905	Philipp Lenard	Physics	for his work on cathode rays
1914	Robert Bárány	Physiology or Medicine	for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus
1925	Richard Adolf Zsigmondy	Chemistry	for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry
1937	Albert Szent-Györgyi	Physiology or Medicine	for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to Vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid
1943	George de Hevesy	Chemistry	for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes
1961	Georg von Békésy	Physiology or Medicine	for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea
1963	Eugene Wigner	Physics	for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles
1971	Dennis Gabor	Physics	for his invention and development of the holographic method
1986	John Polanyi	Chemistry	for his contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes
1994	George Andrew Olah	Chemistry	for his contribution to carbocation chemistry
1994	John Harsanyi	Economics	for pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games
2002	Imre Kertész	Literature	for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history
2004	Avram Hershko (Hungarian spelling: Herskó)	Chemistry
2023	Katalin Karikó	Physiology or Medicine	for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19[4]
2023	Ferenc Krausz	Physics	for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter[5]

Also sometimes included

Born in the Kingdom of Hungary (Austro-Hungarian Empire)

• Leopold Ružička (Chemistry 1939) born in Vukovár (until 1920 in Hungary), Syrmia County, in the, Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, Kingdom of Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire, mostly ethnic Croat^[6]
• Born in the Austro-Hungarian Empire as Condominium:
• Ivo Andrić, born in Bosnia, Condominium of Austria-Hungary, ethnic Croat
• Vladimir Prelog (Chemistry 1975) born in Sarajevo, Bosnia, Condominium of Austria-Hungary, (mostly) ca 5/9 ethnic Croat^{[7] [8] [9]}

Born abroad

• Elie Wiesel (Peace 1986), Hungarian-Jewish, born in Sighet, former Máramaros County, Transylvania (until 1920 Hungary), Kingdom of Romania^{[6] [10] [11] [12] [13]}
• Alfred Hermann Fried (Peace 1911) Austrian, parents Hungarian-Jewish, father^[14] from Szigetvár, Baranya County, mother^[15] from Budapest.
• Daniel Carleton Gajdusek (Medicine 1976), US-born, parents from the Kingdom of Hungary, father ethnic Slovak from Büdöskő, Nyitra County, mother ethnic Hungarian from Debrecen^{[6] [11] [12] [13]}
• Milton Friedman (Economics 1976), US-born, Hungarian-Jewish, parents from Beregszász, Bereg County, Kingdom of Hungary^{[6] [10] [11] [12]}
• Hugh David Politzer (Physics 2004), US-born, Hungarian-Jewish; father (Aladár) from Nádszeg, Pozsony County (until 1920 Hungary), Kingdom of Hungary.^[16] His mother was also Hungarian-Jewish.^{[17] [18]}

Unsuccessful nominees

Year(s)	width=150	Nominee !	width=160	Field !	Nominated by
1911, 1914, 1917	Loránd Eötvös[19]	Physics	, Radó von Kövesligethy,, Philipp Lenard
1901	[20]	Physiology or Medicine	,
1901	[21]	Physiology or Medicine	Frigyes Korányi,
1901	Josef von Fodor[22]	Physiology or Medicine	,
1901, 1931, 1937	Sándor Korányi[23]	Physiology or Medicine	,, Louis Nékám,,,,,,,, Philipp Schwartz,
1904	István Apáthy[24]	Physiology or Medicine	Willem Rommelaere
1928, 1940	[25]	Physiology or Medicine	, István Rusznyák
1943	Ladislas J. Meduna[26]	Physiology or Medicine	Jakob Klaesi
1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953	Hans Selye[27]	Physiology or Medicine	...
1950	[28]	Physiology or Medicine	,,
1901, 1902	Ferenc Kemény[29]	Literature	,
1925, 1926, 1927	Ferenc Herczeg[30]	Literature	Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
1935	Dezső Szabó[31]	Literature	Björn Collinder
1936, 1937	Cécile Tormay[32]	Literature	,,,, Fredrik Böök
1965, 1966	Gyula Illyés[33]	Literature
1965-1970	George Popják[34]	Chemistry
1967	György Lukács[35]	Literature	Erik Lindegren
1969, 1970	[36]	Literature	Watson Kirkconnell
1970, 1971	Sándor Weöres[37]	Literature
1911, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1932	Albert Apponyi[38]	Peace	19 Professors of Law, Members of the Faculty of Law at the University of Pécs, Members of the Faculty of History and Philosophy at the University of Szeged, Members of the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Pécs, Members of the Faculty of Law at the University of Debrecen, The Hungarian Inter-Parliamentary Group (Albert Berzeviczy), The professors at the Faculty of Law at the Elisabeth University of Pécs, 3 professors at the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Pécs, Professors at the Faculty of History and Philosophy at the University of Szeged

One parent Hungarian-born

• George Stigler, (Economics 1982), US-born, hungarian mother^[39] (Erzsébet Hungler, from Bakonybél, Veszprém County), the Kingdom of Hungary^[40]
• Douglas Osheroff (Physics 1996), US-born, Mother's parents from upper Hungary (now Slovakia) and her fathers father Ondo^[41] was a Lutheran priest born in Felvidék, (until 1920 in the Kingdom of Hungary). Ondo/Ondó family name have the highest frequency in Hungary and among hungarians.^[41]
• Louise Glück (Literature 2020), US-born, Hungarian-Jewish father (grandparents from Érmihályfalva, Bihar County, Partium, Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary)^[11]
• Robert F. Furchgott, (Medicine 1998), US-born, Hungarian-Jewish father; grandfather from Sarlóska, Nyitra county, Felvidék, Kingdom of Hungary,^[42] grandmother^[43] from Nyitra (now Nitra), Kingdom of Hungary^[44]

See also

• Friedrich Hayek, (economy 1974) Austrian, grandfather from Arad, Partium, Transylvania, until 1920 in the Kingdom of Hungary One of his father's grandmothers, Zembsch, was born in Eger, Hungary. About 3/8 of Hayek's ancestors were born in Hungary.
• Erwin Schrödinger, (physics 1933) Austrian, Grandfather Alexander Bauer from Mosonmagyaróvár, Kingdom of Hungary Bauers mother was Jesefine von Wittman-Denglár,^[45] whose mother was Franciska von Szikler.^[46] She was of unknown high origin, supposedly a Habsburg was her father and that makes her a descendant of the Árpád house.^[47] There are two more versions of mother's name in different sources. Many of these names indicate Magyar ancestry to some degree. And his appearance, with slight epicanthus, in his portrait from 1933, gives him a hint of mongoloid look, which in Central Europe originates from Hungarian lands.
• Elfride Jelinek, (literature 2004), Austrian, grandmother Olga-Ilona Buchner born 1882 in Stájerlakanina in Krassó-Szörény County^[48] Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary
• Herta Müller, (literature 2009) ethnic German, born 1953 in Niczkyfalva in former Temes County, Banat, Transylvania (until 1920 in Hungary), Mother Gion (french name: possible relative Nándor Gion born in Banat-region ceded to Yougoslavia 1920^[49]) born 1928,^[50] All grandparents (probably), mothers definitely born in the Kingdom of Hungary
• Stefan Hell, (chemistry 2014) ethnic German born in Arad in former Arad County (until 1920 in Hungary), grandparents probably born in the Kingdom of Hungary
• Carl Ferdinand Cori Austrian, Hungarian ancestry on mother's side: Grandfather: Lippich^[51] (whose mother was daughter to Kastenholz Honorius Vilmos^{[52] [53]} and Terézia Zsitkovszky) 13 June 1799 in Igló, Szepes county^[54]
• Jerome Karle (chemistry) US-born, mother née Kun might have been hungarian-jewish and her mother was born in the Kingdom of Hungary. ^[55]
• David Gross, (physics 2004), US-born, father had ancestry from Hungary/Czechoslovakia^[56]
• Patrick Modiano, (literature 2014), French, grandmother on mother's side was Hungarian-Jewish: Cecile Burdej^[57] from Budapest
• Karl von Frisch, (medicine 1973), Austrian, 1/8 Hungarian-Jewish^[58]

Nobel per capita:natural sciences

Only the awards for Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine. are considered.According to citizenship at birth and countries with at least 1 million inhabitants.

Rank	Entity	Nobel prizes	Population	Laureates/ 10 million
1		20[59]	9,58	20.7[60]
2			8,9	20,2
3			9,03	(20.57) 18,3
4			5,94	15,2
5		(17) 15	10,5	14,3
6		(109) 88 British born.	67,6	13,01
7			5,56	9,00
8			84,6	10,9

Scientific prizes per capita-10-top

Only the awards for Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine and Economy are considered.According to citizenship at birth and countries with at least 1 million inhabitants.

Rank	Entity	Nobel prizes	Population	Laureates/ 10 million
1			9,58	23.7
2		(22) 18 Swiss-born	8,9	20,45
3			9,03	18,3
4			10,54	16,1
5			5,94	15,2
6		88 British born.	67,6	13,01
7			5,56	12,6
8			84,6	10,9

Physics prize per capita

Only the awards for Physics are considered.According to citizenship at birth and countries with at least 1 million inhabitants.

Rank	Entity	Nobel prizes	Population	Laureates/ 1 million
1			9,58	0,63
2			8,9	0,56
3		4	9,03	0,44
4		4	10,54	0,38
5			5,94	0,34
6		17	67,6	0,24
7		1	5,56	0,18
8		28	84,6	ca 0,3

Some of the most important Hungarian physicists from the 20th century did not get the Nobel prize:1.John von Neumann 2.Edward Teller3.Theodore von Karman4.Leo Szilard5.Roland von Eötvös 6.Radó von Kövesligethy7.Béla Harkányi8.Zoltán Bay9.Victor Szebehely10.Kálmán Tihanyi11.Lise Meitner, 1/2-hungarian-jewish on mothers side.

Prominent 21th century physicists mentioned in Nobel Prize arguments are:

• Albert-László Barabási, Gothenburg Lise Meitner Award 2024
• Ferenc Mezei,Gothenburg Lise Meitner Award 2022:

(Neutron spin echo, Neutron supermirror)

• Tamás Csörgő

(Odderon)

• Miklos Porkolab
• Krasznahorkay

• Tamás Vicsek
• Örs Legeza

Chemistry prize per capita

Only the awards for Chemistry are considered.According to citizenship at birth and countries with at least 1 million inhabitants.

Rank	Entity	Nobel prizes	Population	Laureates/ million
1			9,58	0,73[61] [62]
2			8,9	0,56
3		5	9,03	0,55
4			5,94	0,34
5		4	10,5	0,38
6		29	67,6	0,43
7		2	5,56	0,36
8		26	84,6	0,31

Some of those who did not win the prize: Tibor Gánti who created chemoton-theory, Csaba Horváth who constructed the first High-performance liquid chromatography.Somorjai didnt share the prize with Ertl.

Medicine Prize per capita-10-top

Only the awards for Medicine are considered.According to citizenship at birth and countries with at least 1 million inhabitants.

Rank	Entity	Nobel prizes	Population	Laureates/ 10 million
1		7	8,9	0,79
2		7	10,54	0,68
3			5,94	0,67
4		6	9,58	0,63
5		5	9,03	0,55
6		26	67,6	0,38
7		1	5,56	0,18
8			84,6	0,

Economy prizes per capita-10-top

Only the awards for Economy are considered.According to citizenship at birth and countries with at least 1 million inhabitants.

Rank	Entity	Nobel prizes	Population	Laureates/ 10 million
1		3	5,56	ca 0,55
2			9,58	ca 0,3
3			10,5	ca 0,19
4			5,94	ca 0,17
5			9,03	0,11
6			68,3	ca 0,10
8			84,6	ca 0,01

All Scientifical Nobel prizes: Absolute numbers

All prizes are considered.According to citizenship at birth and countries with at least 1 million inhabitants.

Rank	Entity	Nobel prizes	Population	Laureates/ 10 million
1		......	...	...
2		..	18 ...	...	....
3		...		...	...
4		...	39	...	...
5			24	...	...
6			21
7		..	20	.
8		...	17	...	1...
9			18		...
10		..	16	...	...
11			16	...
12		..	17	...	...
13		..	13	...	...

Place of Birth

• 1. Budapest: (8): von Szent-Györgyi, de Hevesy, von Békésy, Wigner, Gábor, Oláh, Harsányi, Kertész
• 2. New York: (4) Friedman (Hungarian-Jewish), Gajdusek, Politzer (Hungarian-Jewish), Glück (1/2-Hungarian-Jewish)
• 3. Vienna: (3) Fried (Hungarian-Jewish), Bárány, Zsigmondy
• 4. Pozsony von Lenárd

Religion at birth

• Roman Catholics (10): von Lénárd, de Hevesy, Ruzicka (Croat), Prelog (Croat), Andric (Croat) Stigler (RC Hungarian mother), von Békésy, Polányi, Harsányi, Krausz
• Protestants (8): Zsigmondy (Lutheran), Szent-Györgyi (Reformed), Wigner (Lutheran), Gábor (Lutheran), Gajdusek (reformed HUN mother), Osheroff (Lutheran Hungarian mother), Oláh (Reformed), Karikó (Reformed)
• Jewish (9): Bárány (born in Austria), Fried (born in Austria), Wiesel (born in Romania, former Hungarian Transsylvania), Kertész, Herskó, Politzer (born in New York), Glück (born in New York, 1/2-hung.), Furchgott (born in US, 1/2-hung.), Friedman (born in New York, agnostic), Jerome Karle (most probably hungarian jewish mother: Kun (hungarian family name) and her mother definitely hungarian.

Sources

• Book: Binder , David . David Binder . 2013 . Farewell, Illyria . Central European University Press . Budapest, Hungary . 978-615-5225-74-1 .
• Book: Hoare , Marko Attila . Marko Attila Hoare . 2007 . The History of Bosnia: From the Middle Ages to the Present Day . Saqi . London, England . 978-0-86356-953-1 .
• Book: Lampe , John R. . John R. Lampe . 2000 . 1996 . 2nd . Yugoslavia as History: Twice There Was a Country . Cambridge University Press . Cambridge, England . 978-0-521-77401-7 .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Hungary's Nobel Prize Winners . Hungarian Academy of Sciences . 17 October 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151006113721/http://mta.hu/articles/hungarys_nobel_prize_winners__25577 . 6 October 2015.
2. Web site: Hungary's Nobel Prize Winners . Hungarian Academy of Sciences . 17 February 2016 . 20 October 2022 . 1 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221101085127/https://mta.hu/english/hungarys-nobel-prize-winners-106018 . live .
3. See list below by Laszlo Vazulvonal of Stockholm
4. 2 October 2023 . The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023 . live . Press release . . https://web.archive.org/web/20231003020418/https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2023/10/press-medicineprize2023-3.pdf . 3 October 2023 . 3 October 2023.
5. 3 October 2023 . The Nobel Prize in Physics 2023 . live . Press release . . https://web.archive.org/web/20231003121552/https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2023/10/press-physicsprize2023.pdf . 3 October 2023 . 3 October 2023.
6. Web site: Magyar Nobel-díjasok – III. rész . hu . Hungarian Nobel laureates – part III . Tudománypláza . Földesi . Katalin . 11 December 2018 . 20 October 2022 . 19 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221019221134/https://tudomanyplaza.hu/magyar-nobel-dijasok-iii-resz/ . live .
7. Web site: Eugenija Prelog. 27 August 2023. geni_family_tree.
8. Web site: Marija Ana Prelog. 24 September 2023. geni_family_tree.
9. Father 1/2-croat:(Prelog) & 1/2-german:(Riemer). Mother: 2/8-italian (Cettolo) 5/8-croat (Kovacic, Korac), 1/8 german(Mahne)
10. Web site: A Nobel-díj és a magyar Nobel-díjasok . The Nobel Prize and Hungarian Nobel laureates . Beck . Mihály . Budapest Főváros XV. Kerület Rákospalota, Pestújhely, Újpalota Önkormányzata . hu . 20 October 2022 . 19 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221019233206/https://www.bpxv.hu/r4wf434rf/uploads/2006/01/nobel.pdf . live .
11. Web site: Hány magyar Nobel-díjasunk van? . hu . How many Hungarian Nobel laureates do we have? . 24.hu . 7 October 2021 . 18 October 2022 . 18 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221018154420/https://24.hu/tudomany/2021/10/07/magyar-nobel-dij-tudos/ . live .
12. Web site: Magyar Nobel-díjasok . hu . Hungarian Nobel laureates . Nemzeti Tudósképző Akadémia . 18 October 2022 . 18 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221018172652/https://www.edu-sci.org/nemzeti-tudoskepzo-akademia/nobel-dij/magyar-nobel-dijasok/ . live .
13. Beck . Mihály . December 2001 . A magyar Nobel-díjasok . The Hungarian Nobel laureates . Magyar Tudomány . hu . Budapest . Akaprint . 46 . 12 . 1444–1452 . 0025-0325 . 20 October 2022 . 19 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221019224335/https://epa.oszk.hu/00700/00775/00037/1444-1452.html . live .
14. Web site: Samuel Fried. 26 April 2022. geni_family_tree.
15. Web site: Bertha Fried. 26 April 2022. geni_family_tree.
16. Book: Rechcigl Jr., Miloslav . Mila Rechcigl . Surgeons . American Men and Women in Medicine, Applied Sciences and Engineering with Roots in Czechoslovakia . Bloomington, IN . AuthorHouse . 28 September 2021 . 470 . 978-1-6655-1497-2 . 2021901850 . 4 October 2023 . 5 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231005111112/https://books.google.com/books?id=Tu4gEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover . live .
17. Web site: Mania (Manyi) Diamant . 16 December 2014 . 5 October 2023 . 11 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231011214347/https://www.geni.com/people/Mania-Manyi-Diamant/6000000008297812169 . live .
18. Manyi, Józsi, Terka etc are hungarian names
19. Web site: Loránd Eötvös . The Nobel Prize . April 2020 . 21 October 2022 . 21 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221021204521/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=2878 . live .
20. Web site: V von Schulek . The Nobel Prize . April 2020 . 21 October 2022 . 21 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221021204518/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=9858 . live .
21. Web site: Andreas Högyes . The Nobel Prize . April 2020 . 21 October 2022 . 21 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221021204520/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=4427 . live .
22. Web site: Josef von Fodor . The Nobel Prize . April 2020 . 21 October 2022 . 21 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221021204518/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=9752 . live .
23. Web site: Alexander von Korányi . The Nobel Prize . April 2020 . 21 October 2022 . 21 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221021204515/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=9797 . live .
24. Web site: Stephan Apáthy . The Nobel Prize . April 2020 . 30 November 2022 . 30 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130184045/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=462 . live .
25. Web site: Geza Mansfeld . The Nobel Prize . April 2020 . 21 October 2022 . 21 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221021204519/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=5879 . live .
26. Web site: Ladislas de Meduna . The Nobel Prize . April 2020 . 21 October 2022 . 21 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221021204523/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=2267 . live .
27. Web site: Hans Selye . The Nobel Prize . April 2020 . 5 October 2023 . 28 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230828052716/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=8395 . live .
28. Web site: Miklos Jancsó . The Nobel Prize . April 2020 . 21 October 2022 . 21 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221021204516/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=4541 . live .
29. Web site: Franz Kemény . The Nobel Prize . April 2020 . 21 October 2022 . 29 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220929032719/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=4784 . live .
30. Web site: Franz (Ferenc) Herczeg . The Nobel Prize . April 2020 . 21 October 2022 . 29 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220929131718/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=4073 . live .
31. Web site: Dezsö Szabó . The Nobel Prize . April 2020 . 21 October 2022 . 28 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220928180516/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=8948 . live .
32. Web site: Cecile Tormay . The Nobel Prize . April 2020 . 21 October 2022 . 26 October 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161026080828/http://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=9315 . live .
33. Web site: Gyula Illyés . The Nobel Prize . April 2020 . 21 October 2022 . 28 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220928204126/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=13763 . live .
34. Web site: Nomination%20archive%20-%20%20%20. 1 April 2020. NobelPrize.org. 11 May 2023. 28 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230328114930/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=13988. live.
35. Web site: Georg Lukács . The Nobel Prize . April 2020 . 21 October 2022 . 29 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220929131730/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=14973 . live .
36. Web site: László Mécs . The Nobel Prize . April 2020 . 21 October 2022 . 28 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220928161830/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=15163 . live .
37. Web site: Sándor Weöres . The Nobel Prize . April 2020 . 21 October 2022 . 29 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220929070259/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=15298 . live .
38. Web site: Count Albert Apponyi . The Nobel Prize . April 2020 . 21 October 2022 . 21 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221021204518/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=470 . live .
39. https://www.kisalfold.hu/helyi-eletstilus/2022/09/nobel-dijas-rokonnal-buszkelkedhet-a-bakonypeterdi-hofstadter-matyas
40. Web site: George J. Stigler. The Nobel Prize. 11 January 2022. 27 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210427150745/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1982/stigler/biographical/. live.
41. https://www.familysearch.org/en/surname?surname=ondo
42. Web site: Max Furchgott . Geni . 17 January 2020 . 20 October 2022 . 20 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221020222730/https://www.geni.com/people/Max-Furchgott/6000000009468839436 . live .
43. Web site: Archived copy . 5 October 2023 . 11 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231011110122/https://www.geni.com/people/Arthur-Furchgott/6000000009368784029 . live .
44. Web site: Bertha Furchgott . Geni . 17 January 2020 . 20 October 2022 . 3 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220803130549/https://www.geni.com/people/Bertha-Furchgott/6000000009468672560 . live .
45. Web site: Bauer, Alexander - Deutsche Biographie . www.deutsche-biographie.de . Deutsche Biographie . 19 May 2024 . de.
46. Web site: Franziska von Szikler. zbphysik.univie.ac.at.
47. Added by László Vazulvonal of Stockholm
48. Web site: Helene Buchner . 6 May 2023 . 6 October 2023 . 11 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231011110122/https://www.geni.com/people/Helene-Buchner/6000000194378489843 . live .
49. Web site: Gion Nándor. 5 January 2024. Wikipedia.
50. Web site: Katharina Müller. 3 May 2022. geni_family_tree.
51. Web site: dr.med. Franz Wilhelm Lippich. geni_family_tree. 13 June 1799. 6 April 2023. 6 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230406215330/https://www.geni.com/people/dr-med-Franz-Lippich/6000000085560140871. live.
52. Web site: Kastenholz Honorius Vilmos . 12 September 2023 . 11 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220711224044/https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastenholz_Honorius_Vilmos . live .
53. Web site: Kastenholz János András, | Magyar írók élete és munkái – Szinnyei József | Kézikönyvtár . 12 September 2023 . 21 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230921154254/https://www.arcanum.com/hu/online-kiadvanyok/Lexikonok-magyar-irok-elete-es-munkai-szinnyei-jozsef-7891B/k-8D2C5/kastenholz-janos-andras-8E26D/ . live .
54. Web site: Wilhelmine Lippich. geni_family_tree. 2 May 2022 . 6 April 2023. 6 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221206165258/https://www.geni.com/people/Wilhelmine-Lippich/6000000085558002889. live.
55. https://www.geni.com/people/Fannie-Ida-Lenzer/6000000002784457377
56. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004. NobelPrize.omrg. 6 April 2023. 6 April 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200406085057/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2004/gross/facts/. live.
57. Patrick Modiano, True Detective. 28 September 2015. The New Yorker. 6 April 2023. 5 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230405095233/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/10/05/the-unforgotten-books-alexandra-schwartz. live.
58. Web site: Josef Ofenheimer. 30 April 2022. geni_family_tree.
59. plus Furchgott, Osheroff, who are half-hungarians born as hungarian citizens
60. Born in Kingdom of Hungary: Vladimir Prelog & Leopold Ružička. According to Hungarian citizen law there are more: Friedman, Gajdusek & Politzer
61. Born in Kingdom of Hungary: Vladimir Prelog & Leopold Ružička. According to Hungarian citizen law.
62. Web site: The American Hungarian Federation - Founded 1906 .