List of Armenian inventors and discoverers explained

The following list contains notable inventions and discoveries made by ethnic Armenians, including those not born or living in modern-day Armenia and those of partial Armenian ancestry.

List

Default sorted chronologically

width=22%Namewidth=20%Country/citizenship width=15%Field width=50%Invention/discovery (date)
data-sort-value="Mashtots"Mesrop MashtotsKingdom of ArmeniaLinguisticsArmenian alphabet (c. 405)[1] [2]
Georgian alphabet (c. 408; disputed)
Caucasian Albanian alphabet[3] [4] [5] (c. 422)[6]
data-sort-value="Łukasiewicz"Ignacy Łukasiewicz[7] [8] Austrian PolandEngineering, chemicalFirst kerosene lamp (1853)[9]
First oil refinery (1856)[10]
data-sort-value="Kazanjian"Gabriel Kazanjian[11] United StatesEngineering, electricalHand-held hair dryer (1911)[12] [13] [14]
data-sort-value="Stepanian"Stephen StepanianUnited StatesEngineering, industrialConcrete mixer truck (1916)[15] [16]
data-sort-value="Artin"Emil Artin[17] [18] Austria, United StatesMathematicsArtin L-function (1923)[19]
data-sort-value="Vaganova"Agrippina Vaganova[20] Russian Empire, Soviet UnionArtsVaganova method (1930s)[21]
data-sort-value="Kirlian"Semyon Kirlian[22] Soviet UnionPhotographyKirlian photography (1939)[23]
data-sort-value="Mikoyan"Artem MikoyanSoviet UnionEngineering, aerospaceMikoyan-Gurevich MiG-9, the first Soviet turbo jet fighter (1946)[24]
data-sort-value="Alchian"Armen Alchian[25] United StatesEconomicsNew institutional economics (with Ronald Coase and Harold Demsetz) (1946–84)
data-sort-value="Ambartsumian"Victor AmbartsumianSoviet Union, ArmeniaAstronomyStellar association (1947)[26] [27]
Cyrus Melikian[28] United StatesEngineering, electricalCoffee vending machine (1947; with Lloyd Rudd)[29] [30] [31]
data-sort-value="Takhtajan"Armen Takhtajan[32] Soviet Union,
Russia, Armenia		Botany Takhtajan system (1950)[33]
data-sort-value="Mergelyan"Sergey Mergelyan[34] Soviet UnionMathematicsMergelyan's theorem (1951)[35]
data-sort-value="Keonjian"Edward Keonjian[36] United StatesEngineering, electricalFirst solar-powered, pocket-sized radio transmitter (1954)[37]
data-sort-value="Acopian"Sarkis AcopianUnited StatesEngineering, electricalSolar-powered radio (1957)[38] [39] [40]
data-sort-value="Simjian"Luther Simjian[41] United StatesEngineering, electricalPrototype of automated teller machine (ATM) (1960)[42] [43]
data-sort-value="Markarian"Benjamin MarkarianSoviet UnionAstronomyMarkarian's Chain (1961)[44]
Markarian galaxies (1965–80)[45]
data-sort-value="Askaryan"Gurgen Askaryan[46] Soviet UnionAskaryan effect (1962)[47]
data-sort-value="Artin"Michael Artin[48] United StatesMathematicsArtin approximation theorem (1969)
data-sort-value="Kemurdzhian"Alexander Kemurdzhian[49] Soviet UnionEngineering, aerospaceFirst planetary rover, Lunokhod 1 (1970)[50] [51]
data-sort-value="Ter-Pogossian"Michel Ter-Pogossian[52] [53] United StatesMedicine Positron emission tomography (PET) (1974)[54]
data-sort-value="Arakelov"Suren Arakelov[55] Soviet UnionMathematicsArakelov theory (1974)
data-sort-value="Damadian"Raymond Damadian[56] United StatesMedicine Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1977)[57] [58] [59]
(disputed with Paul Lauterbur)[60] [61]
data-sort-value="Khachiyan"Leonid Khachiyan[62] [63] Soviet Union, United StatesMathematicsEllipsoid method (1979)[64] [65]
data-sort-value="Donabedian"Avedis DonabedianUnited StatesHealthcareDonabedian model (1980–88)[66]
data-sort-value="Adomian"George AdomianUnited StatesMathematicsAdomian decomposition method (1980s)[67]
data-sort-value="Kapikian"Albert Kapikian[68] [69] United StatesMedicineRotavirus vaccine (1997)[70]
data-sort-value="Oganessian"Yuri Oganessian[71] Soviet Union, RussiaPhysics, nuclearDiscovery of superheavy elements:[72] Flerovium (1999),[73] Livermorium (2000),[74] Oganesson (2002),[75] Moscovium (2003),[76] Nihonium (2004),[77] Tennessine (2009)[78]
Cyrill DemianAustria-HungaryEngineering,MusicAccordion (1829)[79]
Hovannes AdamianRussian EmpireEngineeringColor Television (1908)[80]
Alex ManoogianUnited StatesPlumbingDelta Faucet (1952)[81]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Book: Bournoutian. George. George Bournoutian. A Concise History of the Armenian People. 2006. Mazda Publishers. Costa Mesa, California. 5th. 54.
  2. Book: Sanjian . Avedis K. . Daniels . Peter T. . Bright . William . Peter T. Daniels . William Bright . The World's Writing Systems . 1996 . Oxford University Press . 9780195079937 . 356-363 . The Armenian Alphabet.
  3. Book: Jost, Gippert. https://www.academia.edu/20005633. 2011. Die Entstehung der kaukasischen Alphabete als kulturhistorisches Phänomen : Referate des internationalen Symposions (Wien, 1.-4. Dezember 2005) = The creation of the Caucasian alphabets as phenomenon of cultural history. Jost Gippert. The script of the Caucasian Albanians in the light of the Sinai palimpsests. Vienna . Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. 39–50. 9783700170884. Nevertheless, the“Armenian” basis of the alphabet seems clear enough, thus confirming the historical tradition which attributes the invention of the Albanian script to Mesrop Maštoc..
  4. Book: J. R. Russell . James R. Russell . Bowersock . G. W. . Brown . Peter . Grabar . Oleg . Glen Bowersock . Peter Brown (historian) . Oleg Grabar . Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World . 289 . Alphabets . Maštocʿ also created the Georgian and Caucasian-Albanian alphabets, based on the Armenian model..
  5. Book: Clackson . James . James Clackson . Language and Society in the Greek and Roman Worlds . 2015 . Cambridge University Press . 9780521192354 . 144 . The languages of Christianity . Having discovered his talent for script creation, Mesrop also invented distinctive new alphabets for the Georgians, and for the Caucasian Albanians, acts of generosity still frequently unacknowledged..
  6. Book: Acharian . Hrachia . Hrachia Acharian . Հայոց գրերը [The Armenian Letters] ]. Հայագիտական հետազոտությունների մատենաշար . 1984 . Hayastan Publishing . Yerevan . hy. 390–392.
  7. Book: Ziółkowska-Boehm . Aleksandra . Aleksandra Ziółkowska-Boehm . The Polish Experience Through World War II . 2013 . . 978-0-7391-7819-5 . 22 . The Polish Armenians have become an integral part of our Polish culture. Armenians ancestors ... brought us many famous people, such as: Ignacy Łukasiewicz....
  8. Web site: Puda-Blokesz . Magdalena . Ignacy Łukasiewicz . chemia.zamkor.pl . . https://web.archive.org/web/20141027160818/http://chemia.zamkor.pl/pdf.php?file=images%2Fmaterialy%2Flukasiewicz_010711.pdf . 27 October 2014 . 1 . pl . 20 July 2011 . Ten ormiański szlachcic herbu Łada walczył w szeregach Tadeusza Kościuszki..
  9. Wołkowicz . Stanisław . Graniczny . Marek . Wołkowicz . Krystyna . Urban . Halina . History of the oil industry in Poland until 1939 . Special Publications . 2016 . 442 . 401–411 . . 10.1144/SP442.32 . 132429686 . ...the invention of an effective modern kerosene lamp by Ignacy Łukasiewicz in 1853..
  10. Book: Groysman . Alec . Corrosion in Systems for Storage and Transportation of Petroleum Products and Biofuels . 2014 . 978-94-007-7884-9. 10.1007/978-94-007-7884-9_10 . 224 . https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-7884-9_10 . History of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products . ...the Polish pharmacist Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (1822–1882) residing in Lvov and who built in 1856 probably the first oil refinery in the world..
  11. News: Nodjimbadem . Katie . Amazon's Jeff Bezos Honored at Citizenship Ceremony . . . June 15, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210520085747/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/amazons-jeff-bezos-honored-citizenship-ceremony-180959418/ . 20 May 2021 . An Armenian immigrant named Gabriel Kazanjian patented the first handheld hairdryer in 1911 in Chicago..
  12. News: A Lot of Hot Air . . 28 April 2016 . In 1911, the Armenian-American inventor Gabriel Kazanjian received the first patent for a hand-held hair dryer.....
  13. Web site: Hair dryer . maas.museum . . https://archive.today/20210818105121/https://collection.maas.museum/object/248815 . 18 August 2021 . In 1911 the first hair dryer was patented by American, Gabriel Kazanjian.
  14. Web site: US994259A: Hair-drier . patents.google.com . . 1911-06-06 Application granted.
  15. Web site: Stephen Stepanian portrait . . https://web.archive.org/web/20210815123135/https://digital-collections.columbuslibrary.org/digital/collection/ohio/id/5826/ . 15 August 2021 . 25 November 2020 . Stepanian was the inventor of the motor-truck concrete mixer and is the "father" of the ready-mixed concrete industry. Stepanian designed a self-discharging motorized concrete transit mixer in 1916..
  16. Web site: Ready Mixed Concrete . cement.org . . https://web.archive.org/web/20210812204110/https://www.cement.org/cement-concrete/products/ready-mixed-concrete . 12 August 2021 . In 1916, Stephen Stepanian of Columbus, Ohio, developed a self-discharging motorized transit mixer that was the predecessor of the modern ready-mixed concrete truck..
  17. Book: Yandell . Benjamin . Benjamin Yandell . The Honors Class: Hilbert's Problems and Their Solvers . 2001 . . 9781439864227 . 230 . Emil Artin was born on March 3, 1898, in Vienna, the son of an art dealer and grandson of an Armenian merchant of handmade rugs..
  18. Book: Faith . Carl . Rings And Things And A Fine Array Of Twentieth Century Associative Algebra (Mathematical Surveys and Monographs Volume 65) . 2004 . . 353 . Mike [Artin] explained to me the Armenian origin of the family name, Artinian, which had been shortened in Germany and the United States..
  19. Web site: Cogdell . James . James Cogdell . On Artin L-functions . people.math.osu.edu . Ohio State University Department of Mathematics . https://web.archive.org/web/20210506204206/https://people.math.osu.edu/cogdell.1/artin-www.pdf . 6 May 2021 . 2007.
  20. News: Walker . Christopher J. . Christopher J. Walker . Dispersed. Review of The Armenians: A People in Exile David Marshall Lang (Allen and Unwin pp.203, 12.95) . . 247 . 22 August 1981 . 22 . Leading Armenians ... such as Agrippina Vaganova (Vahanian, in Armenian), director of the Maryinsky, later Kirov, Ballet, and author of Fundamentals of the Classic Dance;....
  21. News: Kisselgoff . Anna . Anna Kisselgoff . WITH AN OPEN MIND, CLAUDE BESSY MOLDS PARIS BALLET SCHOOL'S FUTURE . . June 16, 1987 . In the Soviet Union, the curriculum developed by the teacher Agrippina Vaganova in the 1930's is applied throughout the country..
  22. News: Ponomarev . Fedor . "Пошёл дальше Теслы». Кем был изобретатель «эффекта Кирлиана" . kuban.aif.ru . . 26 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210807142135/https://kuban.aif.ru/science/poshyol_dalshe_tesly_chto_izvestno_ob_izobretatele_effekta_kirliana . 7 August 2021 . ru . Семён Кирлиан появился на свет в большой армянской семье....
  23. News: Pilkington . Mark . Mark Pilkington (writer) . Bodies of light . . 4 February 2004.
  24. Book: Schuster . Carl O. . Zabecki . David T. . David T. Zabecki . World War II in Europe: An Encyclopedia . 2015. 1999 . . 415 . Mikoyan, Artem Ivanovich . The result was the MiG-9, the first Soviet jet fighter..
  25. News: "The Armenian Adam Smith": UCLA Holds Conference in Honor of Armenian Economist . . May 26, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200111104319/http://asbarez.com/53710/the-armenian-adam-smith-ucla-holds-conference-in-honor-of-armenian-economist/ . 11 January 2020.
  26. News: Saxon . Wolfgang . Viktor A. Ambartsumyan, 87, Expert on Formation of Stars . . 15 August 1996 . 22. In 1947 he introduced the concept of stellar association into astronomy..
  27. Israelian . Garik . Garik Israelian. Obituary: Victor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian, 1912 [i.e. 1908] -1996 . Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society . 1997 . 29 . 4 . 1466–1467 . 1997BAAS...29.1466I . Discovery of Stellar Associations, 1947 .
  28. News: K. Cyrus Melikian, an inventor with a coffee focus . . December 5, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210812192637/https://www.inquirer.com/philly/obituaries/20081205_K__Cyrus_Melikian__an_inventor_with_a_coffee_focus.html . 12 August 2021 . Mr. Melikian's parents escaped the 1919 Armenian massacre and immigrated to Philadelphia shortly before he was born..
  29. News: Knight . Jerry . THE ULTIMATE FRENCH FRY MACHINE . . April 11, 1988 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210815083548/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1988/04/11/the-ultimate-french-fry-machine/34c2d970-be80-4504-913c-42d541f7df45/ . 15 August 2021 . Okay, so maybe nobody remembers that Melikian and partner Lloyd Rudd invented the coffee vending system....
  30. News: MACHINE TO SERVE HOT COFFEE SHOWN; Developed by Rudd-Melikian, Big Demand Seen by Schools, Factories and Cafeterias . . September 25, 1947.
  31. News: Hicks . James L. . Veteran's Whirl . The Ohio State News . January 17, 1948 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210815083313/https://digital-collections.columbuslibrary.org/digital/collection/african/id/5629/ . 15 August 2021 . Columbus, Ohio . 14 . Take the case of Lloyd Rudd and Cyrus Melikian. They were shivering in a railroad station one day when they walked up to a vending machine which was dishing out cold drinks for a nickel. "This damn thing should be giving out hot coffee instead of cold drinks," Rudd said. "That's an idea," said Melikian, and the two men invented "Kwik Kafe" hot coffee vending machine..
  32. News: Stevens . William K. . SCIENTIST AT WORK: Armen Takhtajan; Botanist Plans Survey of World's Flowers . . April 6, 1993 . ...in his native Armenia..
  33. Gabrielyan . Ivan . Kovar-Eder . Johanna . In memoriam Armen Leonovich Takhtajan . IOP Newsletter. 91 . October 2009 . 8–9 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201023053810/https://palaeobotany.org/wp-content/uploads/IOP91.pdf . dead . 2020-10-23 . International Organisation of Palaeobotany (International Union of Biological Sciences).
  34. Arakelian, N. U. . Sahakian, A. A. . Сергей Никитович Мергелян (1928-2008) [Sergey Nikitovich Mergelyan (1928-2008)] ]. Proceedings of the NAS Armenia: Mathematics . 2008 . 43 . 6 . 3–5 . . ru. (archived text)
  35. Web site: Mergelyan theorem . . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719114406/https://encyclopediaofmath.org/wiki/Mergelyan_theorem . 19 July 2020.
  36. News: Obituaries: Edward Keonjian . apnews.com . . September 11, 1999 . In 1954, Keonjian designed the world’s first solar-powered, pocket-sized radio transmitter. ... Keonjian, an Armenian....
  37. Web site: Brown . Pete . Keonjian Distinguished Professorship Honors Life and Work of "Father of Microelectronics" . engr.arizona.edu . . https://web.archive.org/web/20110514163753/http://www.engr.arizona.edu/news/story.php?id=59 . 14 May 2011 . October 6, 2009 . Keonjian was a pioneer of low-power electronics, and in 1954 designed the world's first solar-powered, pocket-sized radio transmitter....
  38. Web site: Sarkis Acopian . muhlenberg.edu . . https://web.archive.org/web/20200218211524/https://www.muhlenberg.edu/academics/biology/acopiancenterforornithology/sarkisacopian/ . 18 February 2020 . In 1957, he took out a loan from a local bank and began his journey. That same year he designed and manufactured the first ever solar radio..
  39. Karapetian . Alex . Acopian: Powering the World Behind the Scenes for 60 Years . IEEE Power Electronics Magazine . June 2017 . 4 . 2 . 103–104 . 10.1109/MPEL.2017.2692478 . . ... Sarkis Acopian ... developed something that is in wide use today—the solar radio. It was the first recorded solar-powered radio ever manufactured for commercial use..
  40. Web site: Dent . Charlie . Charlie Dent . Honoring Sarkis Acopian . govinfo.gov . . https://web.archive.org/web/20210817191313/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-2007-02-05/html/CREC-2007-02-05-pt1-PgH1173-4.htm . 17 August 2021 . After forming the Acopian Technical Company in 1957, he designed and manufactured the first ever solar radio.. Congressional Record, Volume 153, Number 21 (Monday, February 5, 2007), Pages H1173-H1174
  41. News: Gilpin . Kenneth N. . Luther Simjian Is Dead at 92; Held More Than 200 Patents . . November 2, 1997 . 45. While he was born in Turkey, he was of Armenian descent..
  42. News: Bandon . Alexandra . The Lives They Lived; Make It New . . January 4, 1998 . 40. ...his most famous invention was a 1960 bank-deposit machine that was the basis for the now-ubiquitous A.T.M., from which he never made a penny..
  43. Konheim . Alan G. . . Automated teller machines: their history and authentication protocols . Journal of Cryptographic Engineering . 2016 . 6 . 10.1007/s13389-015-0104-3 . 1706990 . In 1962, Luther Simjian was issued a patent for an early and not-very-successful prototype of an ATM.
  44. 1961AJ.....66..555M. Physical chain of galaxies in the Virgo cluster and its dynamic instability. Markarian. B.E. . Astronomical Journal. 66. 1961. 555–557.
  45. Mickaelian . Areg M. . Markarian survey and Markarian galaxies . Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union . October 2013 . 9 . 1–10 . 10.1017/S1743921314003147 . 122731075 . free .
  46. Web site: Bolotovskii . Boris . Boris Mikhailovich Bolotovsky . Reminiscences of Gurgen Askaryan . RADHEP-2000: First International Workshop on Radio Detection of High-Energy Particles . . https://web.archive.org/web/20201020193630/http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~moonemp/radhep/talks.html . dead . 20 October 2020 . November 2000 . All his life Gurgen Ashotovich Askaryan lived and worked in Moscow. He spoke about himself: \I am an Armenian of the Moscow bottling"..
  47. News: Miller . Katrina . Searching for the Universe's Most Energetic Particles, Astronomers Turn on the Radio . . April 27, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210817185558/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/searching-for-the-universes-most-energetic-particles-astronomers-turn-on-the-radio/ . 17 August 2021 . This phenomenon is known as the Askaryan effect, after Russian-Armenian physicist Gurgen Askaryan, who first predicted it in 1962..
  48. Web site: Robertson . Edmund . O'Connor . John . Michael Artin . MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive . . https://web.archive.org/web/20210430004652/https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Artin_Michael/ . 30 April 2021 . Emil Artin, born in Vienna, was descended from an Armenian carpet merchant..
  49. Web site: Alexander Kemurdjian . . https://web.archive.org/web/20200126160046/https://www.planetary.org/connect/our-experts/profiles/alexander-kemurdjian.html . 26 January 2020 . Alexander Kemurdjian was a pioneering scientist, of Armenian heritage....
  50. Book: Benson . Alvin K. . Inventors & Inventions . 2010 . Salem Press . 9781587655265 . 1285 . Kemurdzhian, Alexander (October 4, 1921 -February 25, 2003): Russian. Kemurdzhian designed Lunokhod 1, the first space-exploration rover, which roamed on the Moon in 1970..
  51. Book: Harvey . Brian . Brian Harvey (author) . Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration . 2007 . . 9780387739762 . 249 .
  52. Wackers . Frans J. Th. . Frans Wackers . Michael M. Ter-Pogossian (1925-1996) . . August 2018 . 25 . 4 . 1090–1091 . 10.1007/s12350-018-1313-9. 29869324 . 46934249 .
  53. News: Saxon . Wolfgang . Michel M. Ter-Pogossian, 71; Led Research on PET Scanner . . June 21, 1996 . 25.
  54. Michel Ter-Pogossian Honored as Nuclear Medicine Pioneer . . May 1985 . 26 . 5 . 449 .
  55. Web site: Аракелов Сурен Юрьевич . tsput.ru . Tula State Pedagogical University named after L. N. Tolstoy . https://archive.today/20221124182618/http://poivs.tsput.ru/ru/Math/NumberTheory/Events/XX/Arakelov . 24 November 2022 . ru . армянин по происхождению ... Основной результат учёного — создание в 1974 году теории, названной его именем — геометрии Аракелова.
  56. News: Edson . Lee . Books: Beyond X-rays . . February 6, 1986 . He is Dr. Raymond Damadian, the son of an Armenian-born father and a French-Armenian mother, and the inventor of the nuclear magnetic resonance scanner....
  57. Web site: Raymond Damadian . lemelson.mit.edu . . https://web.archive.org/web/20210815144235/https://lemelson.mit.edu/award-winners/raymond-damadian . 15 August 2021 . Developed the first MR (Magnetic Resonance) Scanning Machine.
  58. Macchia . Richard J. . Termine . Jack E. . Buchen . Charles D. . Raymond V. Damadian, M.D.: magnetic resonance imaging and the controversy of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine . . 2007 . 178 . 1 . 783–5 . 10.1016/j.juro.2007.05.019 . . 17631325 . The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine can be awarded to a maximum of 3 scientists for any single discovery but in this instance was only given to 2. Excluding Doctor Damadian seems to be a serious and purposeful omission..
  59. Kauffman . George . George Kauffman . Nobel Prize for MRI Imaging Denied to Raymond V. Damadian a Decade Ago . . 2014 . 19 . 73–90 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171110004850/http://chemeducator.org/bibs/0019001/19140073.html . dead . 2017-11-10 . 1430-4171 . This article surveys previous contributions to nuclear magnetic resonance for which Nobel Prizes were awarded, explores Damadian’s personal and professional career, and concludes that Damadian’s seminal discovery preceded and was more fundamental than Lauterbur’s developments..
  60. News: Wade . Nicholas . Nicholas Wade . Doctor Disputes Winners of Nobel in Medicine . . October 11, 2003.
  61. Web site: Raymond Vahan Damadian . nationalmedals.org . . https://web.archive.org/web/20210115231031/https://nationalmedals.org/laureate/raymond-vahan-damadian/ . 15 January 2021 . For their independent contributions in conceiving and developing the application of magnetic resonance technology to medical uses including whole body scanning and diagnostic imaging..
  62. Web site: World Renowned Computer Scientist Leonid G. Khachiyan Dies at 52 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160911131608/http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/Khachiyan/ . dead . 2016-09-11 . Rutgers University Department of Computer Science. (archived PDF) "Of Armenian descent, Khachiyan was born on May 3, 1952, in St. Petersburg..."
  63. News: Whitney . Craig R. . Soviet Mathematician Is Obscure No More . . November 27, 1979. Mr. Khachiyan is of Armenian background....
  64. Bland . Robert G. . Goldfarb . Donald . Todd . Michael J. . Robert G. Bland . Donald Goldfarb . The Ellipsoid Method: A Survey . . 1981 . 29 . 6 . 1039–1091 . 170362. https://web.archive.org/web/20150701025237/http://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/~cswamy/courses/co759/approx-material/ellipsoid-survey.pdf . 2015-07-01 . 10.1287/opre.29.6.1039 . free .
  65. Todd . Michael . Leonid Khachiyan, 1952–2005: An Appreciation . SIAG/OPT Views-and-News . October 2005 . 16 . 1–2 . 4–6 . SIAM Activity Group on Optimization. 10.1.1.131.3938 .
  66. Web site: McQuestion . Michael J. . Conceptualizing Quality of Care . jhsph.edu . . https://web.archive.org/web/20210916183440/http://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/immunizationPrograms/PDFs/Lecture7.pdf . 16 September 2021 . 2006 . The most common framework is that of Donabedian (1980, 1986, 1988) who conceptualized three quality-of-care dimensions..
  67. Cano . J. A. Sánchez . Adomian Decomposition Method for a Class of Nonlinear Problems . ISRN Applied Mathematics . 2011 . 2011 . 1–10 . 10.5402/2011/709753 . Hindawi. 73151867 . free .
  68. News: Langer . Emily . Albert Z. Kapikian, prominent National Institutes of Health virologist, dies at 83 . . March 21, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160124070235/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/albert-z-kapikian-prominent-national-institutes-of-health-virologist-dies-at-83/2014/03/21/db51e0ce-a57a-11e3-a5fa-55f0c77bf39c_story.html . 24 January 2016 . Albert Zaven Kapikian was born May 9, 1930, in the Bronx to Armenian immigrants..
  69. Morens . David M. . Fauci . Anthony S. . Anthony Fauci . In Memoriam: Albert Z. Kapikian, MD, 1930–2014 . . 2015 . 211 . 8 . 1199–1201 . 10.1093/infdis/jiv034 . 25737559 . The second profound influence was his parents’ harrowing escapes from the 1915 Armenian genocide.... free .
  70. News: Vaccine for a Global Childhood Illness Passes Last Big Hurdle . . (via Associated Press) . October 23, 1997 . Dr. Kapikian is the principal creator of the rotavirus vaccine....
  71. News: President Armen Sarkissian hosts academician Yuri Oganessian . . 12 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180714003255/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/940681 . 14 July 2018 . President Sarkissian said he has signed a decree on July 11 on granting Yuri Oganessian a citizenship of Armenia..
  72. Chapman. Kit. What it takes to make a new element. Chemistry World. 30 November 2016. Royal Society of Chemistry. 15 August 2021. 28 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171028122035/https://www.chemistryworld.com/what-it-takes-to-make-a-new-element/1017677.article. bot: unknown.
  73. Oganessian . Yu. Ts. . October 1999 . Synthesis of Superheavy Nuclei in the 48Ca + 244Pu Reaction . . 83 . 3154 . 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3154 . Utyonkov . V. K. . Lobanov . Yu. V. . Abdullin . F. Sh. . Polyakov . A. N. . Shirokovsky . I. V. . Tsyganov . Yu. S. . Gulbekian . G. G. . Bogomolov . S. L. . Gikal . B. . Mezentsev . A. . Iliev . S. . Subbotin . V. . Sukhov . A. . Buklanov . G. . Subotic . K. . Itkis . M. . Moody . K. . Wild . J. . Stoyer . N. . Stoyer . M. . Lougheed . R. . 109929705 . 16 . 1999PhRvL..83.3154O.
  74. Oganessian . Yu. Ts. . 2000 . Observation of the decay of 292116 . . 63 . 1 . 011301 . 10.1103/PhysRevC.63.011301 . Utyonkov . V. K. . Lobanov . Yu. V. . Abdullin . F. Sh. . Polyakov . A. N. . Shirokovsky . I. V. . Tsyganov . Yu. S. . Gulbekian . G. G. . Bogomolov . S. L. . Gikal . B. . Mezentsev . A. . Iliev . S. . Subbotin . V. . Sukhov . A. . Ivanov . O. . Buklanov . G. . Subotic . K. . Itkis . M. . Moody . K. . Wild . J. . Stoyer . N. . Stoyer . M. . Lougheed . R. . Laue . C. . Karelin . Ye. . Tatarinov . A. . 2000PhRvC..63a1301O .
  75. Oganessian . Yu. Ts. . 2006 . Synthesis of the isotopes of elements 118 and 116 in the 249Cf and 245Cm+48Ca fusion reactions . . 74 . 044602 . 10.1103/PhysRevC.74.044602 . Utyonkov . V. K. . Lobanov . Yu. V. . Abdullin . F. Sh. . Polyakov . A. N. . Sagaidak . R. N. . Shirokovsky . I. V. . Tsyganov . Yu. S. . Voinov . A. A. . Gulbekian . G. . Bogomolov . S. . Gikal . B. . Mezentsev . A. . Iliev . S. . Subbotin . V. . Sukhov . A. . Subotic . K. . Zagrebaev . V. . Vostokin . G. . Itkis . M. . Moody . K. . Patin . J. . Shaughnessy . D. . Stoyer . M. . Stoyer . N. . Wilk . P. . Kenneally . J. . Landrum . J. . Wild . J. . Lougheed . R. . 4 . 2006PhRvC..74d4602O . free .
  76. Oganessian . Yu. Ts. . 2005 . Synthesis of elements 115 and 113 in the reaction 243Am + 48Ca . . 72 . 034611 . 10.1103/PhysRevC.72.034611 . Utyonkov . V. K. . Dmitriev . S. N. . Lobanov . Yu. V. . Itkis . M. G. . Polyakov . A. N. . Tsyganov . Yu. S. . Mezentsev . A. N. . Yeremin . A. V. . Voinov . A. . Sokol . E. . Gulbekian . G. . Bogomolov . S. . Iliev . S. . Subbotin . V. . Sukhov . A. . Buklanov . G. . Shishkin . S. . Chepygin . V. . Vostokin . G. . Aksenov . N. . Hussonnois . M. . Subotic . K. . Zagrebaev . V. . Moody . K. . Patin . J. . Wild . J. . Stoyer . M. . Stoyer . N. . Shaughnessy . D. . 3 . 2005PhRvC..72c4611O . 29 .
  77. Experiments on the synthesis of element 115 in the reaction 243Am(48Ca,xn)291−x115 . 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.021601 . 2004 . Oganessian, Yu. Ts. . Physical Review C . 69 . 021601 . Utyonkoy . V. . Lobanov . Yu. . Abdullin . F. . Polyakov . A. . Shirokovsky . I. . Tsyganov . Yu. . Gulbekian . G. . Bogomolov . S. . A. N. . Mezentsev . S. . Iliev . V. G. . Subbotin . A. M. . Sukhov . A. A. . Voinov . G. V. . Buklanov . K. . Subotic . V. I. . Zagrebaev . M. G. . Itkis . J. B. . Patin . K. J. . Moody . J. F. . Wild . M. A. . Stoyer . N. J. . Stoyer . D. A. . Shaughnessy . J. M. . Kenneally . R. W. . Lougheed . 2 . 2004PhRvC..69b1601O . 10 . 2021-08-15 . 2020-03-07 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200307233820/http://lt-jds.jinr.ru/record/7440/files/178%28E7-2003-178%29.pdf . dead .
  78. Oganessian . Yu. Ts. . April 2010 . Synthesis of a New Element with Atomic Number Z=117 . . 104 . 142502 . 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.142502 . Abdullin . F. Sh. . Bailey . P. D. . Benker . D. E. . Bennett . M. E. . Dmitriev . S. N. . Ezold . J. G. . Hamilton . J. H. . Henderson . R. A. . Itkis . M. G. . Lobanov . Yu. V. . Mezentsev . A. N. . Moody . K. J. . Nelson . S. L. . Polyakov . A. N. . Porter . C. E. . Ramayya . A. V. . Riley . F. D. . Roberto . J. B. . Ryabinin . M. A. . Rykaczewski . K. P. . Sagaidak . R. N. . Shaughnessy . D. A. . Shirokovsky . I. V. . Stoyer . M. A. . Subbotin . V. G. . Sudowe . R. . Sukhov . A. M. . Tsyganov . Yu. S. . Utyonkov . V. K. . 20481935 . 14 . 2010PhRvL.104n2502O. 29 . free .
  79. Web site: 2009-06-19 . The Classical Free-Reed, Inc. Demian's Accordion Patent . 2024-09-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090619162610/http://www.ksanti.net/free-reed/history/demian.html . 2009-06-19 .
  80. Web site: Адамян Ованес Абгарович это... Что такое Адамян Ованес Абгарович? . 2024-09-21 . Словари и энциклопедии на Академике . ru.
  81. Web site: https://www.deltafaucet.ca/company/media-room/about-us#:~:text=Delta%20Faucet%20Company%20was%20founded,home%20improvement%20and%20building%20products. . 2024-09-21 . www.deltafaucet.ca.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "List of Armenian inventors and discoverers".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2025, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.