| Official Name: | Lifau |
| Other Name: | Lifáo, Liphao, Leiffauw |
| Mapsize: | 260px |
| Pushpin Map: | East Timor |
| Pushpin Label Position: | bottom |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in East Timor |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | District |
| Subdivision Name1: | Oecusse District |
| Subdivision Type2: | Subdistrict |
| Subdivision Name2: | Pante Macassar |
| Subdivision Type3: | Suco |
| Subdivision Name3: | Lifau |
| Unit Pref: | Imperial |
| Population Total: | 1,938 |
| Population Blank1 Title: | Ethnicities |
| Population Blank1: | Atoin Meto |
| Population Blank2 Title: | Religions |
| Population Blank2: | Catholic |
| Coordinates: | -9.2167°N 124.3°W |
| Elevation M: | 5 |
Lifau is a village and suco in the East Timor exclave of Oecusse District. The village is located west of the mouth of the Tono River. 1,938 people live in the suco.
Lifau was the first European settlement on the island of Timor. Dominican brothers carried on missionary work on the north coast of Timor after 1556. In 1641 they arrived at Lifau and baptized the royal family of Ambeno.Book: Heuken, Adolf . Aritonang . Jan Sihar . Steenbrink . Karel . A History of Christianity in Indonesia . Brill . 2008 . 73–97 . Chapter 4: The Solor-Timor mission of the Dominicans, 1562-1800 . https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/10.1163/j.ctv4cbgb1.9.pdf . 978-90-04-17026-1. A permanent Portuguese settlement arose in the 1650s, as many Portuguese moved from their old colonial seat Larantuka on Flores to Timor in response to the Dutch colonial settlement in Kupang in westernmost Timor (1653). Lifau remained the centre for Portuguese colonial activities for more than a century, and was headed by a governor after 1702. In 1769 the colonial capital was moved to Dili due to military aggression from the Eurasian Topasses who opposed the politics of the governor. After this date the place lost its significance, since the Topasses preferred to keep their residence in Pante Macassar further to the east.