| Office1: | 16th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico |
| Term Start1: | April 11, 2014 |
| Term End1: | February 1, 2016 |
| Predecessor1: | Federico Hernández Denton |
| Successor1: | Maite Oronoz Rodríguez |
| Nominator1: | Alejandro García Padilla |
| Office2: | Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico |
| Nominator2: | Sila María Calderón |
| Term Start2: | February 19, 2004 |
| Term End2: | April 11, 2014 |
| Predecessor2: | Miriam Naveira |
| Successor2: | Maite Oronoz Rodríguez |
| Office3: | Judge of the Puerto Rico Court of Appeals |
| Nominator3: | Rafael Hernández Colón |
| Term Start3: | 1992 |
| Term End3: | 2002 |
| Birth Date: | 1946 10, mf=yes |
| Alma Mater: | University of Puerto Rico School of Law (JD) Columbia Law School (LL.M., SJD) |
| Occupation: | judge professor |
Liana Fiol Matta (born October 20, 1946) is a Puerto Rican jurist, who served as the 16th chief justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico. Fiol was born in Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico and is the second woman in Puerto Rican history to serve in the highest court of the island as well as being the second woman to hold the post of chief justice.
Fiol received her law degree from the University of Puerto Rico School of Law, magna cum laude, and later her master's and doctorate degree in Juridical Science from Columbia University. She was a law professor in Puerto Rico during the 1980s until she was appointed Judge of the Court of Appeals of Puerto Rico by Governor Rafael Hernández Colón. She held that seat until 2003, when Governor Sila Calderón appointed her to associated justice for the Puerto Rico Supreme Court. She was confirmed by the Senate and began her duties in February 2004. At present besides being an Associate Justice of the Puerto Rico Supreme Court, she is a tenured professor at the University of Puerto Rico School of Law. On April 11, 2014, Fiol Matta became the 16th chief justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, after being nominated by Governor Alejandro García Padilla, thus succeeding Federico Hernández Denton as court chief justice. Served as chief justice until her retirement on February 1, 2016.
Justice Fiol Matta was perceived as the leading liberal voice in the Puerto Rican high court.