| Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil | |
| Arrondissement: | Sarlat-la-Canéda |
| Canton: | Vallée de l'Homme |
| Insee: | 24172 |
| Postal Code: | 24620 |
| Commune: | Les Eyzies |
| Coordinates: | 44.936°N 1.018°W |
| Elevation M: | 74 |
| Elevation Min M: | 55 |
| Elevation Max M: | 245 |
| Area Km2: | 37.44 |
| Population: | 840 |
| Population Date: | 2019 |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil (pronounced as /fr/; oc|Las Aisiás de Taiac e Siruèlh) is a former commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. It was created in 1973 by the merger of two former communes: Les Eyzies-de-Tayac and Sireuil.[2] On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Les Eyzies.[3]
Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil lies in the Périgord Noir area. It is served by the Gare des Eyzies railway station. This locale is home to the (National Museum of Prehistory) and the area contains several important archaeological sites, including the Font-de-Gaume, and Lascaux cave prehistoric rock dwellings. The many prehistoric sites and cave paintings in the area were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley in 1979.[4]
The commune is located at the confluence of the Vézère and the Beune rivers. It is accessible by the SNCF network at the Gare des Eyzies, by the A89 motorway, exit 16 Périgueux-East (Bordeaux – Périgueux axis) and then by the D710 road or by Montignac via Terrasson (Lyon - Terrasson-Lavilledieu axis). In the north-west, the commune is also watered by another small tributary of the Vézère, the Manaurie.
In the Dordogne department, the highest temperature was recorded on 4 and 5 August 2003 at Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil, with 43°C.
In Occitan, the commune bears the name Las Aisiás de Taiac e Siruèlh.
In March 1868, the geologist Louis Lartet, financed by Henry Christy, discovered the first five skeletons of Cro-Magnons, the earliest known examples of Homo sapiens sapiens, in the Cro-Magnon rock shelter at Les Eyzies-de-Tayac. These skeletons included a foetus, and the skulls found were remarkably modern-looking and much rounder than the earlier Neanderthal.
As at 31 December 2013, the municipality has 209 establishments, including 151 in the field of commerce, transport or services, twenty relating to the administrative sector, education, health or social action, eighteen in construction, thirteen in the industry, and seven in agriculture, forestry or fishing.
The municipality has many prehistoric archaeological sites including:
Many of these sites have been classified as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO as Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley.[4] The discovery of these shelters within a restricted radius around Les Eyzies, their methodical exploration and the study of the deposits they concealed allowed prehistory to build up as a science and explains why the city claims the status of world capital of the prehistory, as the publicity leaflets recall.
The National Museum of Prehistory, where many prehistoric discoveries are preserved, is located in the heart of the village. Very rich in carved flints, it is especially aimed at specialists.
Pioneers of Archaeology: