Railway speed record explained

The world record for a conventional wheeled passenger train is held by a modified French TGV high-speed (with standard equipment) code named V150, set in 2007 when it reached 574.8km/h on a 140km (90miles) section of track.^[1] Japan's experimental maglev train L0 Series achieved 603km/h on a magnetic levitation track in 2015.^[2]

Under commercial traffic and practical conditions where trains carry passengers across from one station to another, the world records for top operating speeds of maglev and single-phase trains are held respectively by China's Shanghai Maglev Train with a top speed of and CR400 Fuxing Hao at . They are followed by France's TGV Duplex and Japan's E5 Series Shinkansen which both have maximum operating speeds of for commercial services.^[3]

World speed records

Legend:

Arr (Arrangement) : Disposition and number of elements forming the train.

Loc: One locomotive pulling one or more cars.

Multi: Multiple motorized elements on a single train.

Single: Single rail vehicle (i.e. railbus)

Power: DC, DC 3rd rail, AC, Single phase, Triphase, Diesel-elec., Gas, Steam, Diesel-hydraulic, Propeller, Rocket, Jet

State

• "Proto." (Prototype)

• "Unmod." (Unmodified from vehicles in service)

• "Tuned" (Modified at some level for a better performance)

• "Unknown"

All passenger trains

The following is a partial list of absolute world speed records for all trains designed to carry passengers, regardless of gauge, propulsion or type of rail.

Speed	Date	Line	Country	Train	Arr <	-- EMU, Locomotive, Multi, Single -->	Power <	-- See legend -->	State <	-- See legend -->	Comments
6030NaN0	2015-04-21	Yamanashi Test Track	Japan	L0 Series	Multi	AC (Maglev)	Proto.	Seven-car train set, manned
5900NaN0	2015-04-16	Yamanashi Test Track	Japan	L0 Series	Multi	AC (Maglev)	Proto.	Seven-car train set, manned[4]
5810NaN0	2003-12-02	Yamanashi Test Track	Japan	MLX01	Multi	AC (Maglev)	Proto.	Three-car train set. Guinness Book of Records authenticated.[5]
574.80NaN0	2007-04-03	LGV Est	France	SNCF TGV POS Set No. 4402	Multi	AC	Tuned	Set formed of 5 cars.[6] Current world record on steel rails.
5680NaN0	2007-04-01	LGV Est	France	SNCF TGV POS Set No. 4402	Multi	AC	Tuned	Set formed of 5 cars.[7]
515.30NaN0	1990-05-18	LGV Atlantique	France	SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325	Multi	AC	Tuned	Extensive modifications.
510.60NaN0	1990-05-09	LGV Atlantique	France	SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325	Multi	AC	Tuned	Extensive modifications.[8]
5010NaN0	2003-11-12	Shanghai Maglev Train	China	Transrapid SMT	Multi	AC (Maglev)	Unmod.	Recorded in 2003 at a test run before the commercial operation in 2004[9]
487.30NaN0	2010-12-03	Beijing–Shanghai HSR	China	CRH380BL	Multi	Single phase	Unmod.	16-car trainset[10]
486.10NaN0	2010-12-03	Beijing–Shanghai HSR	China	CRH380AL	Multi	Single phase	Unmod.	16-car trainset, near Sùzhōu[11]
482.40NaN0	1990-12-05	LGV Atlantique	France	SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325	Multi	AC	Tuned	Extensive modifications.[12]
443km/h	1996-07-26	Tōkaidō Shinkansen	Japan	Class 955 Shinkansen	Multi	AC	Proto
421.40NaN0	2013-03-28	Gyeongbu high-speed railway	South Korea	Hyundai Rotem HEMU-430X	Multi	AC	Proto	six-car train set, maximum speed test[13]
411.50NaN0	1974-08-14	High Speed Ground Test Center	United States	LIMRV[14]	Loc	Gas turbine	Proto
408.40NaN0	1988	LGV Sud-Est	France	SNCF TGV Sud-Est Set No. 88	Multi	AC		[15]
406.90NaN0	1988-05-01	Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway	Germany	Intercity Experimental (ICE V)	Multi	AC	Proto	Reached over 400 km/h in a tunnel[16]
403.70NaN0	2006-07-16	Madrid-Barcelona HSL	Spain	Renfe Class 103	Multi	AC	Unmod.	Currently holds the record of the fastest unmodified AC trainset (non-Maglev) in the world.
400 km/h (250 mph)	2019-12-14	Tohoku Shinkansen	Japan	Class E956 "ALFA-X"	Multi	AC	Proto
393.80NaN0	2016-02-26	AV Milano-Torino	Italy	ETR 1000	Multi	AC	Unmod.
3800NaN0	2007-04-03	LGV Est	France	SNCF TGV POS Set No. 4404	Multi	AC	unmod	Set formed of 10 cars -The 4404 train opens the way at 380 km/h for record breaker Tgv 4402 V150 train.[17]
3800NaN0	1981-02-26	LGV Sud-Est	France	SNCF TGV Sud-Est Set No. 16	Multi	AC	Tuned	Line voltage increased from 25 kV to 29 kV, wheels of a larger diameter, and gear ratios between motors and wheels increased.
3620NaN0	2009-02-04	Monte Bibele tunnel (Bologna-Firenze HSL)	Italy	ETR 500-Y	Multi	AC	Tuned	World record in tunnel.[18]
352.40NaN0	2004-12-16	Gyeongbu high-speed railway	South Korea	Hyundai Rotem HSR-350x	Multi	AC	Proto
334.70NaN0	2003-07-30	High Speed 1	United Kingdom	Alstom Eurostar Tgv 3313/4, British Rail Class 373	Multi	AC	Unmod	The speed of 334.7 km/h was recorded at Nashenden Valley, just outside Rochester.[19]
3310NaN0	1955-03-29	"Les Landes", between Bordeaux and Dax	France	Jeumont-Schneider SNCF BB 9003-9004	Loc	DC	Tuned	Pulling 3 cars. Train was specially modified for the test. The track was badly damaged by the test.
3180NaN0	1974-12-08	"Les Landes", between Bordeaux and Dax	France	TGV001	Multi	AC	proto	TGV first prototype[20]
303km/h	2007-09-14	Ankara-Istanbul high-speed railway between Ankara and Eskişehir.	Turkey	ETR 500 Y2	Multi	AC	Unmod.	Turkish railway speed record. Record set during testing of the high-speed railway, 18 months before revenue service began.[21]
2430NaN0	1954-02-21		France	SNCF CC 7107	Loc	DC	unmod	[22]
3030NaN0	2008-09-14	Western Main Line	Sweden	Bombardier Regina	Multi	AC	Proto.	Swedish national speed record.
2750NaN0	1967-12-20	Northeast Corridor between Trenton and New Brunswick, New Jersey	United States	UAC TurboTrain	GTEL	--	Unmod.	--
2710NaN0	1993-10-05	Saint Petersburg — Moscow	Russia	TEP80	Loc	Diesel-elec	Proto.	Claimed,[23] but no verification from an independent witness[24]
2560NaN0	2002-06-12, 2002-07-10	Madrid - Barcelona, Olmedo-Medina del Campo	Spain	Talgo XXI	Multi	Diesel-elec	Proto.	Claimed by the company for both dates.[25] [26]
2450NaN0	1980	Rosslyn to De Wildt South Africa	South Africa	South African Class 6E	Loc	DC	Proto.	High speed pantographs was tested for British rail on locomotive number E1525. The idea was abandoned thereafter.
2380NaN0	1987-11-01	East Coast Main Line	United Kingdom	Class 43 (HST)	Multi	Diesel-elec	Modified	Current official diesel speed record listed in 2006 Guinness Book of Records[27]
230.40NaN0	1973-06-12	East Coast Main Line	United Kingdom	HST prototype	Multi	Diesel-elec	Proto.	[28]
2050NaN0	1936-02-17		Germany	DRG SVT 137 233-234 "Bauart Leipzig"	Multi	Diesel-elec	Unmod.	First diesel train faster than 2000NaN0[29] [30]
2030NaN0	1938-20-07	Bologna-Milano line between Pontenure and Piacenza	Italy	FS Class ETR 200	Loc	DC	Unmod.
202.580NaN0	1938-03-07	East Coast Main Line between Peterborough and Grantham	United Kingdom	LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard	Loc	Steam	Unmod.	Authenticated speed. World Steam Speed Record Holder to this day. Analysis of the original dynamometer rolls in 2018 however points to several issues with the original authentication and a sustained maximum speed of 199.36 km/h (124 mph).[31]
166.60NaN0	1934-07-20		United States	Milwaukee Road class F6 #6402	Loc	Steam	Unmod	A point between Oakwood, Illinois and Lake, Wisconsin. Also averaged 75.50NaN0 on from Chicago, Illinois to Milwaukee, and 89.920NaN0 for a stretch
1610NaN0	1934-11-30	East Coast Main Line	United Kingdom	LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman	Loc	Steam	Unmod.	In 1934, Flying Scotsman achieved the first authenticated 1000NaN0 by a steam locomotive.[32]
480NaN0	1829	Rainhill Trials	United Kingdom	Stephenson's Rocket	Loc	Steam	Unmod.	[33]

Conventional wheeled

The following is a list of verified absolute world speed records for conventional wheeled rail vehicles.

Speed	Date	Line	Country	Train	Arr. <	-- EMU, Locomotive, Multi, Single -->	Power <	-- See legend -->	State <	-- See legend -->	Comments
574.80NaN0	2007-04-03	LGV Est	France	SNCF TGV POS Set No. 4402	Multi	AC	Tuned	Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers. Current world record on steel rails.
515.30NaN0	1990-05-18	LGV Atlantique	France	SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325	Multi	AC	Tuned	Extensive modifications.
487.30NaN0	2010-12-03	Beijing–Shanghai HSR	China	CRH380BL	Multi	Single phase	Unmod.	16-car trainset[34]
486.10NaN0	2010-12-03	Beijing–Shanghai HSR	China	CRH380AL	Multi	Single phase	Unmod.	16-car trainset, near Sùzhōu[35]
482.40NaN0	1989-12-05	LGV Atlantique	France	SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325	Multi	AC	Tuned	Extensive modifications.
421.40NaN0	2013-03-28	Gyeongbu high-speed railway	South Korea	Hyundai Rotem HEMU-430X	Multi	AC	Proto	six-car train set. maximum speed test.
3800NaN0	1981-02-26	LGV Sud-Est	France	SNCF TGV Sud-Est Set No. 16	Multi	AC	Tuned	Line voltage increased from 25 kV to 29 kV, wheels of a larger diameter, and gear ratios between motors and wheels increased.
352.40NaN0	2004-12-16	Gyeongbu high-speed railway	South Korea	Hyundai Rotem HSR-350x	Multi	AC	Proto
334.70NaN0	2003-07-30	High Speed 1	United Kingdom	Eurostar 3313/4, British Rail Class 373	Multi	AC	Unmod	The speed of 334.7 km/h was recorded at Nashenden Valley, just outside Rochester.
3310NaN0	1955-03-29	"Les Landes", between Bordeaux and Dax	France	Jeumont-Schneider SNCF BB 9003-9004	Loc	DC	Tuned	Pulling 3 cars. Train was specially modified for the test. The track was badly damaged by the test.
2710NaN0	1993-10-05	Saint Petersburg — Moscow	Russia	TEP80	Loc	Diesel-elec	Proto.	Claimed, but no verification from an independent witness
2380NaN0	1987-11-01	East Coast Main Line	United Kingdom	Class 43 (HST)	Multi	Diesel-elec	Modified	Current official diesel speed record listed in 2006 Guinness Book of Records
230.40NaN0	1973-06-12	East Coast Main Line	United Kingdom	HST prototype	Multi	Diesel-elec	Proto.
2050NaN0	1936-02-17		Germany	DRG SVT 137 233-234 "Bauart Leipzig"	Multi	Diesel-elec	Unmod.	World speed record. First diesel train faster than 2000NaN0
202.60NaN0	1938-07-03		United Kingdom	LNER Class A4 No. 4468 Mallard	Loc	Steam	unknown	[36] [37] Downhill grade. Data indicates peak speed 202.60NaN0, mean speed (half-mile) 201.20NaN0. Mallard suffered an overheated crankpin during the run, but was repaired and returned to traffic within 9 days.[38] This is the standing record for a steam locomotive. Analysis of the original dynamometer rolls in 2018 however points to several issues with the original authentication and a sustained maximum speed of 199.36 km/h (124 mph).[39]
166.60NaN0	1934-07-20		United States	Milwaukee Road class F6 #6402	Loc	Steam	Unmod	A point between Oakwood, Illinois and Lake, Wisconsin. Also averaged 75.50NaN0 on from Chicago, Illinois to Milwaukee, and 89.920NaN0 for a stretch
1610NaN0	1934-11-30	East Coast Main Line	United Kingdom	LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman	Loc	Steam	Unmod.	In 1934, Flying Scotsman achieved the first authenticated 1000NaN0 by a steam locomotive.
480NaN0	1829	Rainhill Trials	United Kingdom	Stephenson's Rocket	Loc	Steam	Unmod.

Electric

The following is a list of speed records for rail vehicles with electric traction motors and powered by electricity transferred to the train.

Speed records of electric locomotive and electric multiple unit trains

Speed	Date	Line	Country	Train	Arr. <	-- EMU, Locomotive, Multi, Single -->	Power <	-- See legend -->	State <	-- See legend -->	Comments
574.80NaN0	2007-04-03	LGV Est	France	SNCF TGV POS Set No. 4402	Multi	Single phase	Tuned	Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers. Current world record.
487.30NaN0	2010-12-03	Beijing–Shanghai HSR	China	CRH380BL	Multi	Single phase	Unmod.	16-car trainset
486.10NaN0	2010-12-03	Beijing–Shanghai HSR	China	CRH380AL	Multi	Single phase	Unmod.	16-car trainset, near Sùzhōu
4430NaN0	1996-07-26	Tōkaidō Shinkansen	Japan	Class 955 Shinkansen	Multi	Single phase	Proto
4250NaN0	1993-12-21	Jōetsu Shinkansen	Japan	Class 952/953 Shinkansen	Multi	Single phase	Proto
421.40NaN0	2013-03-28	Gyeongbu high-speed railway	South Korea	Hyundai Rotem HEMU-430X	Multi	Single phase	Proto	six-car train set. maximum speed test.
416.60NaN0	2010-09-28	Shanghai–Hangzhou HSR	China	CRH380A	Multi	Single phase	Unmod.	[40]
403.70NaN0	2006-07-15	Madrid–Barcelona HSR between Guadalajara and Calatayud	Spain	Siemens Velaro E (AVE S-103)	Multi	Single phase	Unmod.	15–16 July [41] [42]
3620NaN0	2009-02-03	Bologna–Florence high-speed railway	Italy	ETR 500 Y1	Multi	Single phase	Tuned	Indoor Italian speed record, in the Monte Bibele tunnel on the high speed line between Florence and Bologna.[43] [44]
3570NaN0	2006-09-02	Nuremberg–Ingolstadt high-speed railway	Germany	Siemens EuroSprinter ES64U4 No. 1216 050-5	Loc	AC	Unmod.	On Nuremberg–Ingolstadt high-speed railway, locomotive owned by ÖBB, pulling one car.[45] [46]
334.70NaN0	2003-07-30	High Speed 1	United Kingdom	Eurostar 3313/4, British Rail Class 373	Multi	AC	Unmod	The speed of 334.7 km/h was recorded at Nashenden Valley, just outside Rochester.
3310NaN0	1955-03-29	"Les Landes", between Bordeaux and Dax	France	Jeumont-Schneider SNCF BB 9003-9004	Loc	DC	Tuned	Pulling 3 cars. Train was specially modified for the test. The track was badly damaged by the test.[47]
3190NaN0	1979-12-07	Oyama test track	Japan	Class 961 Shinkansen	Multi	Single phase	Proto.	test track, now part of Tōhoku Shinkansen
2860NaN0	1972-02-24	Sanyō Shinkansen	Japan	Class 951 Shinkansen	Multi	Single phase	Proto.
2560NaN0	1963-03-30	Odawara test track	Japan	Class 1000 Shinkansen	Multi	Single phase	Proto.	Test track now part of Tōkaidō Shinkansen[48]
210.20NaN0	1903-10-28	Royal Prussian Military Railway between Marienfelde and Zossen	Germany	AEG Experimental three-phase railcar	Multi	Triphase	Proto.	Many sources say 27 October.[49] [50] [51]
2030NaN0	1939-20-07	Florence–Bologna "direttissima" and Bologna-Milan lines	Italy	ETR 200	Multi	DC	Unmod.	Record average speed between Bologna and Milan[52]
2030NaN0	1903-10-06	Royal Prussian Military Railway between Marienfelde and Zossen	Germany	Siemens & Halske Experimental three-phase railcar	Multi	Triphase	Proto.	Some sources say 7 October, others say 200.990NaN0 or an improbable 2310NaN0.[53] [54]
1800NaN0	1941	Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad	United States	Electroliner	Multi	DC. It used its OHEL system, not its 3rd rail system for the record run.[55]	Unmod.	When the sets were received in 1941, during one test run the traction motors were allowed full field shunt to determine absolute maximum speed. It reached just over 110 mph (180 km/h), but at that speed the train reached highway crossings before the crossing gates fully closed, a dangerous situation. Thereafter, the sets were limited to 90 mph (140 km/h).
175km/h or 108mph	1988-04-11	Somwere on the Waterloo to Weymouth route	United Kingdom	British Rail Class 442	N/A	DC 3rd rail	Unmod.	World speed record for a 750 DC 3rd rail train.[56] [57]
162.50NaN0	1901	Royal Prussian Military Railway between Marienfelde and Zossen	Germany	Siemens & Halske Experimental three-phase railcar	Multi	Triphase	Proto.	Some sources say 1600NaN0 or 1620NaN0.[58]
1610NaN0	1934-08	Northeast Corridor	United States	Pennsylvania Railroad class GG1	Loc	Single Phase	Unmod.	First streamlined electric passenger train in the world, pulling 14 coaches at sustained speeds of 161 km/h.
1560NaN0	1930	Cincinnati and Lake Erie Railroad	United States	Red Devil (interurban)	Single	DC	Unmod.	Defeated a plane in a race for publicity.[59]
141.22km/h	1972-01-31	LIRR Main Line between Woodside and Jamaica	United States	R44 (New York City Subway car)	Multi	DC	Unmod.	World speed record for a subway train. When half the motors were disabled to simulate the weight of a rush-hour crowd, it still reached 124km/h. The cars were capable of even higher speeds, as the consist was still accelerating as it approached the end of the designated test track.[60] [61]

Fuel-electric

The following is a list of speed records for rail vehicles with on-board fuel to generate electricity for traction motors such as diesel-electric locomotive, diesel electric multiple unit and gas turbine-electric locomotive trains.

Speed record of fuel-electric rail vehicles

Speed	Date	Line	Country	Train	Arr. <	-- EMU, Locomotive, Multi, Single -->	Power <	-- See legend -->	State <	-- See legend -->	Comments
2710NaN0	1993-10-05	Saint Petersburg — Moscow	Russia	TEP80	Loc	Diesel-elec	Proto.	Has documentation and record of the speed, but no verification from an independent witness.
2560NaN0	2002-06-12, 2002-07-10	Madrid - Barcelona, Olmedo-Medina del Campo	Spain	Talgo XXI	Multi	Diesel-elec	Proto.	Claimed by the company for both dates.
2380NaN0	1987-11-01	East Coast Main Line	United Kingdom	Class 43 (HST)	Multi	Diesel-elec	Modified	Current official diesel speed record listed in 2006 Guinness Book of Records
230.40NaN0	1973-06-12	East Coast Main Line	United Kingdom	HST prototype	Multi	Diesel-elec	Proto.
2050NaN0	1936-02-17		Germany	DRG SVT 137 233-234 "Bauart Leipzig"	Multi	Diesel-elec	Unmod.	World speed record. First diesel train faster than 2000NaN0
1810NaN0	1934-05-26		United States	Pioneer Zephyr	Multi	Diesel-elec	Unmod.	World speed record. First streamlined diesel-electric train and the first multi-coach passenger train to reach a 181 km/h top speed.
1770NaN0	1934-02-12		United States	M-10000	Multi	Gasoline-elec	Unmod.	World speed record. First streamlined gasoline-electric train and the first multi-coach passenger train to reach a 177 km/h top speed.

Fuel-mechanic

The following is a list of speed records for rail vehicles with on-board fuel to mechanical energy to drive vehicle's wheels such as diesel-hydraulic trains and gas turbine locomotive trains that use mechanical transmission to power the drive wheels.

Speed record of fuel-mechanic rail vehicles

Speed	Date	Line	Country	Train	Arr. <	-- EMU, Locomotive, Multi, Single -->	Power <	-- See legend -->	State <	-- See legend -->	Comments
2750NaN0	1967-12-20	Northeast Corridor	United States	UAC TurboTrain	Multi	Gas	unknown	[62]
1290NaN0	1905	Union Pacific and Southern Pacific	United States	McKeen railmotor	Single Railcar	Gasoline Engine	unknown	First streamlined train in history with 152 units sold and used by Union Pacific and other railroad companies from 1905-1934.

Steam

The following is a list of speed records for steam locomotives.

Note: All records with a faster speed than 202.60NaN0 (the record set by Mallard) are claimed and have not been officially verified (compare rival claims section).

Speed! scope="col" style="width:50px;"

Date	Line	Country	Train	Arr. <	-- EMU, Locomotive, Multi, Single -->	Power <	-- See legend -->	State <	-- See legend -->	Comments
202.60NaN0	1938-07-03	East Coast Main Line	United Kingdom	LNER Class A4 No. 4468 Mallard	Loc	Steam	Unmod.	[63] Downhill grade. Data indicates peak speed 202.60NaN0, mean speed (half-mile) 201.20NaN0. Mallard suffered an overheated center big end bearing (or crankpin) during the run, but was repaired and returned to traffic within 9 days. Mallards record is the standing world speed record for a steam locomotive.
200.40NaN0	1936-05-11		Germany	Borsig DRG series 05 002	Loc	Steam	Unmod.	Level grade.[64]
123mph	1934-12-27	New York Central Railroad (also B&A, THB, MC, CCC&StL)	United States	New York Central Hudson "Commodore Vanderbilt"	Loc	Steam	Unmod.	This was the first streamlined coal-fired steam train in history.
181.10NaN0	1935-04-05		United States	Milwaukee Road class A #2	Loc	Steam	unknown	This was the first streamlined oil-fired steam train in history. Claimed to have sustained 112.50NaN0 for . Average speed for between Milwaukee and New Lisbon, Wisconsin was 74.90NaN0.
166.60NaN0	1934-07-20		United States	Milwaukee Road class F6 #6402	Loc	Steam	Unmod.	A point between Oakwood, Illinois and Lake, Wisconsin. Also averaged 75.50NaN0 on from Chicago, Illinois to Milwaukee, and 89.920NaN0 for a stretch. This trip was a test run for the feasibility of a new planned high speed passenger train service between Chicago and Minneapolis-St. Paul via Milwaukee, which came to fruition the next year as the Hiawatha.
1610NaN0	1934-11-30	East Coast Main Line	United Kingdom	LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman	Loc	Steam	Unmod.	In 1934, Flying Scotsman achieved the first authenticated 1000NaN0 by a steam locomotive.
102.3mph	1904-05-4	Exeter to Bristol Line	United Kingdom	GWR 3700 Class 3440 City of Truro	Loc	Steam	Unmod.	This was the first independently measured and published 1000NaN0 by a steam locomotive.[65]
92.3mph	1895-10-24	Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway	United States	Brooks-built ten-wheeler and train	Loc	Steam	Unmod.	The engineer was presented with a memorial watch from the Webb C. Ball Company in a ceremony at the Brooks Locomotive Works offices on April 17, 1896.[66]
90mph	1895	London and North Western Railway	United Kingdom	LNWR Improved Precedent Class No. 790 Hardwicke	Loc	Steam	unknown	[67]
160.90NaN0	1893-05-10		United States	Empire State Express No. 999	Loc	Steam	Unmod.	1120NaN0 claimed, which would make it the first wheeled vehicle to exceed 1000NaN0.[68] [69] Unauthenticated and dubious.
80mph	1840s	Great Western Main Line	United Kingdom	GWR Iron Duke class Iron Duke	Loc	Steam	unknown
40mph	1830-09	Liverpool and Manchester Railway	United Kingdom	Northumbrian	Loc	Steam	unknown
480NaN0	1829	Rainhill Trials	United Kingdom	Stephenson's Rocket	Loc	Steam	Unmod.
80NaN0	1804-02-21	Merthyr Tramroad	United Kingdom	Richard Trevithick World's first railway steam locomotive	Loc	Steam	Unmod.	On 21 February 1804 it successfully carried 11.24 tons of coal, five wagons and 70 men over the full distance, in 4 hours and 5 minutes, at an average speed of 2.4mi/h.[70] [71]

Note:

Air propulsion

The following is a list of speed records for rail vehicles that use air propulsion to move rail vehicles while the wheels are rolling along the track.

Speed record of air propulsion rail vehicles

Speed	Date	Line	Country	Train	Arr. <	-- EMU, Locomotive, Multi, Single -->	Power <	-- See legend -->	State <	-- See legend -->	Comments
411.50NaN0	1974-08-14	High Speed Ground Test Center	United States	LIMRV	Loc	Gas turbine	Proto
295.720NaN0	1966-07-23	Butler, Indiana to Stryker, Ohio	United States	New York Central Budd RDC-3 M-497	Loc	Jet	Proto.	Jet aero engines (retrofitted to roof)
2800NaN0	1928-06-23		Germany	Opel RAK III	Loc	Rocket	Proto.	Unmanned. Some sources say 2540NaN0 or 2900NaN0. See:[72] [73] [74] [75] [76]
1400NaN0	1921-07-24	Moscow-Tula	Soviet Union	Aerowagon	Single	Propeller	Proto.	Propeller-driven railcar with a gasoline (petrol) aero engine.

Using an air cushion and a monorail, the Aérotrain set on 5 March 1974 a mean speed of and a peak speed of .

Conventional wheeled – Narrow gauge

Speed	Date	Line	Country	Train	Arr <	-- EMU, Locomotive, Multi, Single -->	Power <	-- See legend -->	State <	-- See legend -->	Comments
2450NaN0	1978-10-31	Between Westonaria and Midway	South Africa	SAR Class 6E1 (No. E1525)	Loc	Single phase	unknown	[77] [78] [79] Scheffel bogie
2100NaN0	1999	Queensland Rail North Coast Line	Australia	Electric Tilt Train	Multi	AC	Unmod.	Tilting train[80]
1750NaN0	1960-11-21	JNR Tōkaidō Main Line	Japan	JNR KuMoYa93 test car	Multi	DC	Proto.	[81]
1630NaN0	1959-07-31	JNR Tōkaidō Main Line	Japan	JNR 151 series	Multi	DC	unknown
1450NaN0	1957-09-27	JNR Tōkaidō Main Line	Japan	Odakyū 3000 series SE Romancecar	Multi	DC	unknown	[82]
1360NaN0	1914		South-West Africa	OMEG Rail motor coach No. «Kronprinz»	Single	Gasoline	unknown	Summer 1914.
1290NaN0	1954-12-15	JNR Tokaido Main Line	Japan	JNR Class C62 No. C62 17	Loc	Steam	unknown	[83]
1270NaN0	1914		Indonesia	Staatsspoorwegen SS Class 700	Single	Steam	Unmod.	[84]

Maglev trains

Speed	Date	Line	Country	Train	Arr <	-- EMU, Locomotive, Multi, Single -->	Power <	-- See legend -->	State <	-- See legend -->	Comments
6030NaN0	2015-04-21	Yamanashi Test Track	Japan	L0 Series	Multi	AC	Proto.	Seven-car train set, manned
5900NaN0	2015-04-16	Yamanashi Test Track	Japan	L0 Series	Multi	AC	Proto.	Seven-car train set, manned
5810NaN0	2003-12-02	Yamanashi Test Track	Japan	MLX01	Multi	AC	Proto.	Three-car train set. Guinness Book of Records authenticated.
5520NaN0	1999-04-14	Yamanashi Test Track	Japan	MLX01	Multi	AC	Proto.	Five-car train set. Guinness Book of Records authenticated.
5010NaN0	2003-11-12	Shanghai Maglev Train	China	Transrapid SMT	Multi	AC	Unmod.	Recorded in 2003 at a test run before the commercial operation in 2004
411.50NaN0	1974-08-14	High Speed Ground Test Center	United States	LIMRV	Single	Cable	Proto

World fastest point-to-point average speeds in commercial operations

The following are the lists of world record average operating speeds between two stations. The average speeds are measured by the total time and the distance between the two stations.

All commercially operated trains

Average speed! scope="col" style="width:50px;"

Top speed	Train	Type	Location	From	To	Distance	Duration	Date from	Date to	Comments
316.70NaN0	3500NaN0	Fuxing Hao	Single phase	China	Beijing	Nanjing	1018.60NaN0	193 min	2018		On Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway[85]
283.70NaN0	300 km/h (310 km/h with +10 tolerance)	CRH380A	Single phase	China	Shijiazhuang	Zhengzhou	3830NaN0	81 min	2010		On Wuhan-Guangzhou High-Speed Railway[86]
279.30NaN0	3200NaN0	TGV Duplex	Single phase	France	Lorraine TGV	Champagne-ArdenneTGV	167.60NaN0	36 min	2007	2010	On the LGV Est[87]
263.40NaN0	3200NaN0	E5 series shinkansen	Single phase	Japan	Ōmiya	Sendai	294.10NaN0	67 min	2011	2017	With the Hayabusa service on the Tohoku Shinkansen line[88]
263.30NaN0	3200NaN0	TGV Duplex	Single phase	France	Lyon–Saint-Exupéry Airport	Aix-en-Provence	289.60NaN0	66 min	2005	2007	On the LGV Méditerranée[89]
261.80NaN0	3000NaN0	Nozomi Shinkansen	Single phase	Japan	Hiroshima	Kokura	1920NaN0	44 min	1997	2005	Operated by 500 Series Shinkansen
249.50NaN0	4310NaN0	Shanghai Maglev Train	AC (Maglev)	China			29km (18miles)	7 minutes 20 seconds	2003		Average and maximum speeds during peak operation 09:00–10:45 and 15:00–15:45[90]
235.80NaN0	3100NaN0	AVE S-103	Single phase	Spain	Madrid-Atocha	Barcelona-Sants	620.90NaN0	158 min	2008		On Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line
232.40NaN0	3000NaN0	ICE 3	Single phase	Germany	Frankfurt Airport	Siegburg/Bonn	143.30NaN0	37 min	2006		On Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail line[91]
223.20NaN0	3200NaN0	Al Boraq	Single phase	Morocco	Tanger-Ville	Kenitra-Ville	1860NaN0	50 min	2018		On Casablanca–Tangier high-speed rail line
219.90NaN0	3200NaN0	Eurostar e300/e320	Single phase	United Kingdom, France	London St Pancras	Paris Gare du Nord	4910NaN0	134 min	2007		On High Speed 1, Channel Tunnel, LGV Nord. On a trip 2007 the train took 124 min, which equals an average of 238.30NaN0.[92]
210.80NaN0	3000NaN0	ETR500, Frecciarossa 1000, ETR575 "Italo"	Single phase	Italy	Milano Centrale	Bologna Centrale	214.70NaN0	61 min	2008		On Milan-Bologna high speed railway
254.30NaN0	3000NaN0	TGV	Single phase	France	Gare de Lille Europe	Charles de Gaulle Airport	203.40NaN0	48 min	1995	1997	On LGV Interconnexion Est and LGV Nord.[93] Historical
130.40NaN0	1610NaN0	Morning Hiawatha	Steam	United States	Sparta, Wisconsin	Portage, Wisconsin	1260NaN0	58 min	1939	1971	in 58 minutes, Milwaukee Road class F7. Historical
114.80NaN0	148.70NaN0	Cheltenham Spa Express	Steam	United Kingdom	Swindon	London	124.30NaN0	65 min	1932	1933	in 65 minutes. Claimed by the Great Western Railway at the time to be the world's fastest train. Now operated by GWR in 49 minutes with Class 800 Hitachi Intercity Express Train.[94] Historical

See also

• Land speed record
• List of vehicle speed records
• List of high-speed trains
• High-speed rail
• German: [[Schienenzeppelin]], experimental car, driven by propeller, speed record for rail vehicles on 21 June 1931, on the Berlin–Hamburg Railway
• An unknown R44 set, which reached 141.22 km/h (87.75 mph) while testing on Long Island Railroad trackage

External links

• TGV 2007 record
• TGV 2007 record - SNCF Press release, SNCF Press release 2
• Alstom V 150, Alstom Press release
• Reuters TGV record, Reuters TGV record video
• Fastest steam locomotive
• RDECOM magazine 'Super Roadrunner' breaks land speed record
• 846 TS HYPERSONIC UPGRADE PROGRAM (contains World Speed Record video)
• World Speed Survey 1997
• Retrouvez sur cette page les chiffres clés des records sur rail dans le monde
• Railway developments worldwide
• World Speed Survey 2007 Railway Gazette International September 2007
• Photos of the fastest trains

1300

Notes and References

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5. News: http://www.sankei.com/economy/news/150416/ecn1504160038-n1.html . ja: リニアが世界最速５９０キロ 長距離走行記録も更新 . Maglev sets new world record of 590 km/h - Also sets new distance record . 16 April 2015 . Sankei News . The Sankei Shimbun & Sankei Digital . Japan . ja . 17 April 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150416093721/http://www.sankei.com/economy/news/150416/ecn1504160038-n1.html . April 16, 2015.
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