| José María Urbina | |
| Nationality: | Ecuadorian |
| Birth Date: | 19 March 1808 |
| Birth Place: | Pillaro, Spanish Empire (now Tungurahua, Ecuador) |
| Death Place: | Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador |
| Spouse: | Teresa Jado |
| Order: | 5th |
| Office: | President of Ecuador |
| Term Start: | 6 September 1852 |
| Term End: | 16 October 1856 |
| Vicepresident: | Pacifico Chiriboga (1852–1854) Manuel Bustamante (1854–1856) Marcos Espinel (1856) |
| Predecessor: | Himself (as Interim President) |
| Successor: | Francisco Robles |
| Office2: | Interim President of Ecuador |
| Term Start2: | 17 July 1852 |
| Term End2: | 6 September 1852 |
| Predecessor2: | Himself (as Supreme Chief) |
| Successor2: | Himself (as President) |
| Office3: | Supreme Chief of Ecuador |
| Term Start3: | 24 July 1851 |
| Term End3: | 17 July 1852 |
| Predecessor3: | Diego Noboa |
| Successor3: | Himself (as Interim President) |
José María Mariano Segundo de Urvina y Viteri (19 March 1808 – 4 September 1891) was President of Ecuador from 13 July 1851 to 16 October 1856. He was born in Quillan San Migelito (Pillaro-Tungurahua) on 19 March 1808.
The correct spelling of his name has been cause of confusion, since his banker son Francisco Urbina Jado wrote it "Urbina" instead of the original "Urvina".
José María Urvina pursued his primary education in the village of his birth. He then attended the Navy School in Guayaquil. He was notorious among his classmates from whom he obtained friendship and consideration.
His competence and courage in the naval combat of Punta de Mapelo rose him above other members of the group. He was the aide-camp of Juan José Flores. In his career he demonstrated his vocation, reaching the degree of General of the Republic.