John Holmes Jackson Explained

John Holmes Jackson (March 21, 1871 – December 14, 1944) was an American politician who served as the 24th and 26th Mayor of Burlington, Vermont. His initial narrow ten vote victory in 1917 against incumbent Albert S. Drew is the closest mayoral election in Burlington's history, although Clarence H. Beecher's 1927 victory was decreased from 89 votes to 8 votes by a Supreme Court ruling in 1929, and wasn't matched until Bernie Sanders won the 1981 mayoral election by ten votes after a recount.

Life

Jackson was born in Montreal, Canada and moved to Vermont with family which later became a prominent Vermont political family which included his brothers, Horatio Nelson Jackson and Hollister Jackson.^[1] Following his graduation from the Philadelphia Dental College he practiced dentistry in Barre, Vermont until 1896 when he moved to Burlington, Vermont. In 1894 Jackson was put on trial for interfering with an officer while he was beating a criminal and was found not guilty.^{[2] [3]}

In 1917, Jackson defeated the incumbent Republican Albert S. Drew in the Burlington mayoral election by ten votes with 1,416 votes to 1,406 votes.^{[4] [5]} In 1919 Jackson won reelection against Harris R. Watkins with 2,149 votes to 1,930 votes.^[6] During his tenure in 1918 he handled the Spanish flu outbreak in the city and motorized the fire department and in 1919 he became one of the first Vermonters and politicians to ride in a seaplane.^{[7] [8]} In 1920, Jackson was elected to represent Burlington in the Vermont House of Representatives and he served one term, 1921 to 1923.^[1] In 1921 he was elected to a third term after defeating William B. McKillip with 1,941 votes to 1,476 votes.^[9] In 1922 he was the Democratic nominee for governor, but was defeated in a landslide by Redfield Proctor Jr. with 51,104 votes to 17,059 votes. In 1923 he faced no opposition for reelection as mayor, with both the Democratic and Republican city committees choosing to endorse him.^[10]

At the 1924 Democratic National Convention, Jackson was a delegate and on the 39th ballot received one vote for president. John W. Davis won the nomination on the 103rd ballot, and lost the general election to incumbent Republican Calvin Coolidge.^[11]

On April 1, 1929, Jackson returned to the mayoralty. Shortly after taking office he shut down the city Convention Bureau, which was unable to account for all of the $5,000 of city funds it spent to host the 1928 New England Firemen's Convention.^[12] After winning reelection he was nominated for lieutenant governor in 1930; he lost, as did all statewide Democratic candidates during this era, but received two percent more of the vote than Park Pollard, his party's nominee for governor.^[13] In the 1930 House election he endorsed former Burlington municipal court judge Joseph A. McNamara in his unsuccessful run.^[14] Jackson declined to run for reelection and endorsed former mayor James Edmund Burke. Burke won, and on April 3, 1933 he succeeded Jackson as mayor.^{[15] [16]}

In 1936, Jackson was a delegate to the state Democratic convention. He also attended the national convention as a supporter of Franklin D. Roosevelt, who was renominated by acclimation.^{[17] [18]} During World War II, Jackson, James J. Carney, and Phillips M. Bell were appointed by Governor William Wills to serve as Burlington's rationing board.^{[19] [20]}

Personal life

On June 4, 1901, Jackson married Caroline Deming Smalley, the granddaughter of David Allen Smalley, who served as judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont and chairman of the Democratic National Committee. They were the parents of a son, Bradley Smalley Jackson.^[21] During his career as mayor he appointed Caroline to multiple positions including the library board of commissioners.^[22] On December 14, 1944, Jackson died at the Bishop DeGoesbriand Hospital (later merged with the University of Vermont Medical Center).^[1] He was buried at Lakeview Cemetery in Burlington.^[1]

Notes and References

1. News: Dr. J. Holmes Jackson, 73, Dies; Was Mayor of This City 12 Years . 16 December 1944 . The Burlington Free Press . https://web.archive.org/web/20190512171548/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10887596/death_announcement_and_life_story_of/ . 12 May 2019 . live . 9 . Newspapers.com.
2. News: Jackson Found Not Guilty . 21 November 1894 . Argus and Patriot . https://web.archive.org/web/20190512200206/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31497845/argus_and_patriot/ . 12 May 2019 . live . 3 . Newspapers.com.
3. News: Jackson Found Not Guilty Extended . 21 November 1894 . Argus and Patriot . https://web.archive.org/web/20190512200436/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31497883/argus_and_patriot/ . 12 May 2019 . live . 3 . Newspapers.com.
4. News: Dr. Jackson Wins In Close Contest . 7 March 1917 . The St Johnsbury Caledonian . https://web.archive.org/web/20190512200706/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31498092/the_st_johnsbury_caledonian/ . 12 May 2019 . live . 3 . Newspapers.com.
5. News: The Votes By Wards . 7 March 1917 . The Burlington Free Press . https://web.archive.org/web/20190512200706/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31498092/the_st_johnsbury_caledonian/ . 12 May 2019 . live . 3 . Newspapers.com.
6. News: Mayor Jackson Re-Elected By 219 Majority . 5 May 1919 . Burlington Daily News . https://web.archive.org/web/20191204092052/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/40057954/burlington_daily_news/ . 4 December 2019 . live . 5 . Newspapers.com.
7. News: Jackson Promises No Increase In Taxes If Elected Mayor . 2 March 1929 . The Burlington Free Press . https://web.archive.org/web/20191204095727/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/40058231/the_burlington_free_press/ . 4 December 2019 . live . 10 . Newspapers.com.
8. News: Seaplane Coming From New York To Burlington . 30 June 1919 . Burlington Daily News . https://web.archive.org/web/20190516015622/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31609942/burlington_daily_news/ . 16 May 2019 . live . 8 . Newspapers.com.
9. News: Jackson Again Elected Mayor . 3 March 1921 . Burlington Daily News . https://web.archive.org/web/20191204092700/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/40057999/burlington_daily_news/ . 4 December 2019 . live . 3 . Newspapers.com.
10. News: City Election Will Be Very Quiet Affair . 6 March 1923 . Burlington Daily News . https://web.archive.org/web/20191204093000/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/40058031/the_burlington_free_press/ . 4 December 2019 . live . 7 . Newspapers.com.
11. News: Bernie Sanders Becomes 5th Presidential Candidate in Vermont History . 30 April 2015 . Smart Politics . https://web.archive.org/web/20190130135450/http://editions.lib.umn.edu/smartpolitics/2015/04/30/bernie-sanders-becomes-5th-pre/ . 30 January 2019 . live.
12. News: Convention Bureau Operation Cost $3461 . 9 April 1929 . The Burlington Free Press . https://web.archive.org/web/20190514022549/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31482195/the_burlington_free_press/ . 14 May 2019 . live . 10 . Newspapers.com.
13. News: Democrats Choose Park Pollard For Governor; J. Holmes Jackson Lieutenant Governor . 25 June 1933 . The Burlington Free Press . https://web.archive.org/web/20190516040411/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31546676/democrats_choose_park_pollard_for/ . 16 May 2019 . live . 3 . Newspapers.com.
14. News: McNamara For Congress. 27 October 1930 . The Burlington Free Press . https://web.archive.org/web/20190516020659/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31610025/the_burlington_free_press/ . 16 May 2019 . live . 4 . Newspapers.com.
15. News: Au Revoir, Mayor Jackson . 3 April 1933 . The Burlington Free Press . https://web.archive.org/web/20190514021236/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31482289/the_burlington_free_press/ . 14 May 2019 . live . 4 . Newspapers.com.
16. News: Jackson Says He Will Support Burke for Mayor . 18 February 1933 . The Burlington Free Press . https://web.archive.org/web/20190516015941/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31546550/jackson_says_he_will_support_burke_for/ . 16 May 2019 . live . 9 . Newspapers.com.
17. News: Democrats Name Their Delegates . 5 May 1936 . The Burlington Free Press . https://web.archive.org/web/20190516021003/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31609960/the_burlington_free_press/ . May 16, 2019 . live . 10 . Newspapers.com.
18. News: List of Delegates . 18 June 1936 . Rutland Daily Herald . https://web.archive.org/web/20190516022134/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31611341/rutland_daily_herald/ . 16 May 2019 . live . 7 . Newspapers.com.
19. News: Rationing Board Now Has Say On Typewriters . 22 April 1942 . The Burlington Free Press . https://web.archive.org/web/20190516015145/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31610010/the_burlington_free_press/ . 16 May 2019 . live . 6 . Newspapers.com.
20. News: Tire Rationing Board Issues Four Permits; To Meet Twice a Week . 12 January 1942 . The Burlington Free Press . https://web.archive.org/web/20190516015255/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31610056/the_burlington_free_press/ . 16 May 2019 . live . 12 . Newspapers.com.
21. News: Officials Attend Final Rites For Former Mayor Jackson . 18 December 1944 . The Burlington Free Press . https://web.archive.org/web/20190512201031/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31498179/the_burlington_free_press/ . 12 May 2019 . live . 9 . Newspapers.com.
22. News: Mayor Appoints Commissioners . 2 April 1929 . The Burlington Free Press . https://web.archive.org/web/20190514021813/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31482250/the_burlington_free_press/ . 14 May 2019 . live . 8 . Newspapers.com.