| Court Name: | Jerusalem District Court |
| Native Name: | בית המשפט המחוזי בירושלים |
| Established: | 10 August 1948 |
| Authority: | Israel |
| Appealsto: | Supreme Court of Israel |
| Appealsfrom: | HaShalom District Court |
Jerusalem District Court (Hebrew: בית המשפט המחוזי בירושלים) is an Israeli District Court located in the Jerusalem District. It was originally established by the Mandatory Palestine government and has continued its operations under the judicial system of the State of Israel since its establishment in 1948.[1] [2]
After the Six-Day War, the court relocated to a building located at Tzalach A-Din Street in East Jerusalem.
According to Section 17 of the, any indictment against a sitting Prime Minister must be submitted by the Attorney General to the Jerusalem District Court.
The Jerusalem District Court has been involved in several high-profile cases in Israeli legal history.
In 1954–1955, Benjamin Halevy, then-president of the Jerusalem District Court, presided over the libel trial State of Israel v. Melchiel Greenwald, more commonly known as the Kastner trial. The case evolved into a broader examination of The Holocaust in Hungary, and in his controversial verdict, Halevy acquitted Greenwald of most charges and declared that Israel Kastner had "sold his soul to the devil". This statement stirred significant controversy, and Kastner was later assassinated. The Supreme Court subsequently overturned Halevi's decision by a narrow majority of three to two.
In 1961, the court hosted the trial of Adolf Eichmann, a notorious Nazi official war criminal. To accommodate the high-profile nature of the case, proceedings were held at Beit Ha'am in Jerusalem. The trial, which garnered international attention, resulted in Eichmann's conviction and a death sentence, marking a historic moment in both Israeli and global legal history.
From 1987 to 1988, the court oversaw the trial of Ivan Demjanjuk, accused of being a guard at the Treblinka extermination camp. The trial, held at Binyanei HaUma (the International Convention Center), comprising Israeli Supreme Court Judge Dov Levin and Jerusalem District Court Judges Zvi Tal and Dalia Dorner.[3] they concluded with Demjanjuk's conviction to death sentence. However, in 1993, the Supreme Court acquitted Demjanjuk on appeal, citing reasonable doubt.
In 2009, the court handled the trial of former Prime Minister Ehud Olmert, who faced charges including bribery, fraud, breach of trust, and falsification of corporate documents. He was ultimately convicted of fraud and breach of trust, receiving an eight-month prison sentence and a 100,000 NIS fine.[4] [5]
Most recently, in 2020, the court began the trial of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, along with co-defendants Arnon Mozes, his wife Iris and Shaul Elovitch, in what has become a landmark case in Israeli politics and law.[6] [7]
| Name | Years | |
|---|---|---|
| Benjamin Halevy | July 1948 – May 1963 | |
| Tzvi Eli Beker | 1963–1974 | |
| Dr. Benzion Shershebsky | 1974–1975 | |
| Flix Lenda[8] | 1976–1980 | |
| ? | ? | |
| Veredimos Ziler | November 1989 – August 2003 | |
| Ya'akov Tzemach | August 2003 – July 2005 | |
| Mosia Arad | July 2005 – June 2013 | |
| David Hashin | November 2012 – December 2015 | |
| Aharon Parkash | January 2016 – January 2023 | |
| Moshe Sovel | February 2023 – Present |