| James Houston | |
| Office: | Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maryland |
| Term Start: | April 21, 1806 |
| Term End: | June 8, 1819 |
| Appointer: | Thomas Jefferson |
| Predecessor: | James Winchester |
| Successor: | Theodorick Bland |
| Birth Name: | James Houston |
| Birth Date: | 10 October 1767 |
| Birth Place: | Chestertown, Maryland |
| Death Place: | Chestertown, Maryland |
| Education: | read law |
James Houston (October 10, 1767 – June 8, 1819) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maryland.
Born in Chestertown, Maryland, Houston read law to enter the bar in 1806.
Houston was nominated by President Thomas Jefferson on April 19, 1806, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Maryland vacated by Judge James Winchester. Houston was confirmed by the United States Senate and received his commission, on April 21, 1806. He served until his death on June 8, 1819, in Chestertown.