| Jack Churchill | |
| Birth Name: | John Strange Spencer-Churchill |
| Birth Date: | 4 February 1880 |
| Birth Place: | Dublin, Ireland |
| Restingplace: | St. Martin's Churchyard Bladon, West Oxfordshire District, Oxfordshire, England |
| Nationality: | British |
| Known For: | Brother of Winston Churchill |
| Branch: | British Army |
| Serviceyears: | 1898–1918 |
| Rank: | Major |
| Unit: | Queen's Own Oxfordshire Hussars South African Light Horse Mediterranean Expeditionary Force |
| Battles: | Second Boer War First World War |
| Mawards: | Distinguished Service Order Territorial Decoration Croix de guerre Legion of Honour |
Major John Strange Spencer-Churchill (4 February 1880 – 23 February 1947), known as Jack Churchill, was the younger son of Lord Randolph Churchill and his wife Jennie, and the brother of former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Sir Winston Churchill.
He was born at Phoenix Park, Dublin, Ireland, where his father, Lord Randolph, was secretary to Jack's grandfather, the 7th Duke of Marlborough, then Viceroy of Ireland.
John was educated at Harrow School in England. Jennie's sisters believed that John's actual biological father was Evelyn Boscawen.[1]
Spencer-Churchill was commissioned into the Queen's Own Oxfordshire Hussars in 1898. He served in the South African Light Horse alongside his war correspondent brother in the Second Boer War in 1899–1900. He was shot through the leg in February 1900, during the Battle of the Tugela Heights, part of the campaign for the relief of Ladysmith.[2] [3] The following month he returned for duty.[4] For his service, he was mentioned in dispatches.
He fought in World War I, where he was again mentioned in dispatches. He served on the staff of Field Marshal Lord French, General Sir Ian Hamilton (serving as Naval Liaison Officer for the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force) and Field Marshal Lord Birdwood (serving as Camp Commandant, 1st Anzac Corps, and then as Assistant Military Secretary at the headquarters of the Fifth Army).
He reached the rank of major and was awarded the French decorations of the Croix de guerre and the Légion d'honneur and the British Distinguished Service Order in 1918 alongside Colonel Frank Middleton (1872–1932).[5] [6] [7] After the war, he became a businessman in the City of London firstly as a partner at stockbrokers Nelke, Phillips & Bendix from 1906 and then at Vickers, da Costa, making partner in 1921.[8]
During World War II, after the widowed John lost his house during the Blitz, he lived in 10 Downing Street (where he used the bedrooms on the top floor formerly used by Churchill and his wife) or in the No 10 Annex.[9] [10]
He married, in Oxford on 8 August 1908, Lady Gwendoline Theresa Mary Bertie, known as Goonie (20 November 1885 – 7 July 1941), the daughter of Montagu Bertie, 7th Earl of Abingdon, and Gwendoline Mary Dormer. Lady Gwendoline had been raised as a Roman Catholic.[11] John and his wife had three children:[12]
Jack died on 23 February 1947, aged 67, of heart disease.[13] He is buried near his parents and brother (who outlived him for 18 years) at St Martin's Church, Bladon, near Woodstock, Oxfordshire.[9]