| Honorific Suffix: | MP |
| Office: | First Vice Chairman of the State Duma |
| Term Start: | 21 December 2011 |
| 1Blankname1: | Chairman |
| Office1: | Member of the State Duma (Party List Seat) |
| Term Start1: | 17 January 1996 |
| Birth Date: | 7 August 1950 |
| Birth Place: | Bogoroditsk, RSFSR, USSR |
| Education: | Moscow State University |
Ivan Ivanovich Melnikov (ru|Ива́н Ива́нович Ме́льников; born 7 August 1950) is a Russian politician. He is the vice-chairman of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF), and First Vice-chairman of the State Duma.[1] He is also a professor at Moscow State University.
Melnikov was born on 7 August 1950 in Bogoroditsk, Tula Oblast. He attended the faculty of mathematics at Moscow State University, graduating in 1972.[2] Following this, he worked as a mathematics teacher at Boarding School No. 18,[3] later renamed the Kolmogorov Boarding School, a mathematics and physics oriented secondary school affiliated with the university.[4]
He completed a DPhil in mathematics in 1982, working as an instructor/lecturer and eventually an associate professor at his alma mater Moscow State University. In 1999, he obtainted a DSc in pedagogy (education science) and obtained a full professorship in 2002.[5]
An active member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), he was elected to the CPSU Central Committee at the 28th Party Congress in 1990. He briefly served as a Party Secretary before the party was banned on 26 August 1991.[5]
Melnikov helped found the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the successor to the CPSU in Russia, in 1993. He first received a deputy mandate for the State Duma in 1995 as part of the CPRF electoral list.
Sanctioned by the UK government in 2014 in relation to Russo-Ukrainian War.[6]
Melnikov was sanctioned by the United States Department of the Treasury following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[7]