Ischalis variabilis explained

Ischalis variabilis, also known as oblique-waved fern looper, is a species of moth in the family Geometridae first described by William Warren in 1895.[1] [2] It is endemic to New Zealand, where it is widespread in the North and South islands.[3]

Taxonomy

This species was first described by William Warren in 1895 and originally named Polygonia variabilis.[4] In 1970 Robert W. Poole placed this species in the genus Ischalis.

Description

There are two to three distinct transverse lines on the forewing.[5] Adults have been recorded year round, except June on the North Island. The main flight period is September to March.[6] There seem to be two generations per year, but may breed continuously during mild winters. The adult moths can be collected by beating the skirt of the dead fronds of their host species.

The eggs are usually deposited in January and February. [7]

Host species

The larvae have been recorded feeding on Cyathea and Dicksonia species including Cyathea smithii, Cyathea dealbata and Dicksonia squarrosa.[8] Full-grown larvae are about 32 mm long. The larvae feed at night.

Notes and References

  1. 459.
  2. 166.
  3. Weintraub. Jason D.. Scoble. Malcolm J.. Lithinini (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae). Fauna of New Zealand. 29 April 2004. 49. 1–48. 27 January 2017. en. 1179-7193.
  4. Web site: Ischalis variabilis (Warren, 1895). www.nzor.org.nz. Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. 27 January 2017.
  5. Warren. William. 1895. New species and genera of Geometridae in the Tring Museum. Novitates Zoologicae. 2. 82–159. Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  6. 27.
  7. Book: Hudson, G. V.. The Butterflies and Moths of New Zealand. Ferguson & Osborn Ltd. 1928. Wellington. 148.
  8. Moeed. Abdul. Meads. M. J.. 1983. Invertebrate fauna of four tree species in Orongorongo Valley, New Zealand, as revealed by trunk traps. New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 6. 39–53.