1999 Indonesian presidential election explained
| Country: | Indonesia |
| Type: | presidential |
| Election Date: | 20–21 October 1999 |
| Module: | | Embed: | yes | | Election Name: | Presidential election | | Type: | presidential | | Previous Election: | 1997 Indonesian legislative election#1998 presidential election | | Previous Year: | 1998 | | Election Date: | 20 October 1999 | | Next Election: | 2004 Indonesian presidential election | | Next Year: | 2004 | | Votes For Election: | 700 members of the People's Consultative Assembly | | Needed Votes: | 351 | | Turnout: | 98.71% (5.64pp) | | Image1: | President Abdurrahman Wahid - Indonesia.jpg | | Candidate1: | Abdurrahman Wahid | | Party1: | National Awakening Party | | Electoral Vote1: | 373 | | Percentage1: | 54.37% | | Candidate2: | Megawati Sukarnoputri | | Party2: | Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle | | Electoral Vote2: | 313 | | Percentage2: | 45.63% | | President | | Before Election: | B. J. Habibie | | Before Party: | Golkar | | After Election: | Abdurrahman Wahid | | After Party: | National Awakening Party | | Module: | | Embed: | yes | | Election Name: | Vice-presidential election | | Type: | presidential | | Previous Election: | 1997 Indonesian legislative election#1998 presidential election | | Previous Year: | 1998 | | Election Date: | 21 October 1999 | | Next Election: | Impeachment of Abdurrahman Wahid#Aftermath | | Next Year: | 2001 | | Votes For Election: | 700 members of the People's Consultative Assembly | | Needed Votes: | 351 | | Turnout: | 97.86% (2.14pp) | | Image1: | Vice President Megawati Sukarnoputri - Indonesia.jpg | | Candidate1: | Megawati Sukarnoputri | | Party1: | Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle | | Electoral Vote1: | 396 | | Percentage1: | 58.24% | | Candidate2: | Hamzah Haz | | Party2: | United Development Party | | Electoral Vote2: | 284 | | Percentage2: | 41.76% | | Vice President | | Before Election: | Vacant | | After Election: | Megawati Sukarnoputri | | After Party: | Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle |
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From 20 to 21 October 1999, the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the legislative branch of Indonesia, met to elect both the president and vice president of the country for a five-year term. The incumbent president, B. J. Habibie, declined to stand for election. On 20 October, Abdurrahman Wahid, chairman of the Nahdlatul Ulama, was elected president and inaugurated on the same day. Wahid's opponent, Megawati Sukarnoputri was subsequently elected vice president the next day.[1] The elections represented the first relatively democratic and peaceful transfer of power in the history of Indonesia.[2]
Background
In October, the People's Consultative Assembly made up of the People's Representative Council and 200 nominated members from the military and selected civilians, a total of 700, met to elect the president and vice president.
There were initially four candidates for the presidency; Abdurrahman Wahid, B. J. Habibie, Megawati Sukarnoputri, and Yusril Ihza Mahendra. However, Habibie refused the nomination from Golkar after his accountability speech was rejected by the MPR the day before election, while Yusril withdrew his candidacy on election day.[3]
Election day
On 20 October, PKB chairman Abdurrahman Wahid was elected, beating Megawati Sukarnoputri by 373 votes to 313, although her party (PDI-P) won the most votes in the legislative election and had one-third of the parliamentary seats. This triggered riots among Megawati's supporters. The following day, Megawati was nominated by Gus Dur's party (PKB) as vice president and got elected, beating Hamzah Haz from the PPP by 396 votes to 284. This ended the street protests.[4] [5]
This was the first and only democratically indirect presidential election in Indonesia and the first presidential election that did not feature a candidate from the ruling party (Golkar).
Results
Vice president
Notes and References
- News: Pemilihan Presiden dari Masa ke Masa . 26 October 2021 . Detik News . news.Detik.com . Oct 19, 2014.
- Book: National Democratic Institute . National Democratic Institute . 28 November 1999 . The 1999 Presidential Election and Post-Election Developments in Indonesia: a Post Election Assessment Report . . 4.
- Book: Djadja Suparman . Jejak kudeta, 1997-2005 catatan harian Letnan Jenderal (Purn) TNI Djadja Suparman . 2013 . Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia . 9789794618370 . 208 . 26 October 2021.
- Friend, Theodore (2003) Indonesian Destinies, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, pp. 461–462
- Book: Ricklefs, M.C . A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200 . Palgrave Macmillan . Fourth . 2008 . 539 . 978-0-230-54685-1.
