Interleukin 1 receptor, type II explained

Interleukin 1 receptor, type II (IL-1R2) also known as CD121b (Cluster of Differentiation 121b) is an interleukin receptor. IL1R2 also denotes its human gene.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a decoy receptor for certain cytokines that belongs to the interleukin-1 receptor family. This protein binds interleukin-1α (IL1A), interleukin-1β (IL1B), and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra), preventing them from binding to their regular receptors and thereby inhibiting the transduction of their signaling. IL-1R2 protein also interacts non-productively with the second component of the signaling IL-1 receptor, namely IL-1RAcP,^[1] and a complex of the IL-1R2 and IL-1RAcP extracellular domains with interleukin-1 beta has been solved by X-ray crystallography.^[2] Interleukin 4 (IL4) is reported to antagonize the activity of interleukin 1 by inducing the expression and release of this cytokine. This gene and three other genes form a cytokine receptor gene cluster on chromosome 2q12. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been reported.^[3]

See also

• Cluster of differentiation
• Interleukin 1 receptor, type I

References

Further reading

• McMahan CJ, Slack JL, Mosley B, Cosman D, Lupton SD, Brunton LL, Grubin CE, Wignall JM, Jenkins NA, Brannan CI . A novel IL-1 receptor, cloned from B cells by mammalian expression, is expressed in many cell types . The EMBO Journal . 10 . 10 . 2821–2832 . October 1991 . 1833184 . 452992 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07831.x .
• Dripps DJ, Verderber E, Ng RK, Thompson RC, Eisenberg SP . Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist binds to the type II interleukin-1 receptor on B cells and neutrophils . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 266 . 30 . 20311–20315 . October 1991 . 1834644 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)54924-3 . free .
• Fasano MB, Cousart S, Neal S, McCall CE . Increased expression of the interleukin 1 receptor on blood neutrophils of humans with the sepsis syndrome . The Journal of Clinical Investigation . 88 . 5 . 1452–1459 . November 1991 . 1834697 . 295647 . 10.1172/JCI115454 .
• Sadouk MB, Pelletier JP, Tardif G, Kiansa K, Cloutier JM, Martel-Pelletier J . Human synovial fibroblasts coexpress IL-1 receptor type I and type II mRNA. The increased level of the IL-1 receptor in osteoarthritic cells is related to an increased level of the type I receptor . Laboratory Investigation; A Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology . 73 . 3 . 347–355 . September 1995 . 7564267 .
• Symons JA, Young PR, Duff GW . Soluble type II interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor binds and blocks processing of IL-1 beta precursor and loses affinity for IL-1 receptor antagonist . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 92 . 5 . 1714–1718 . February 1995 . 7878046 . 42590 . 10.1073/pnas.92.5.1714 . free . 1995PNAS...92.1714S .
• Arend WP, Malyak M, Smith MF, Whisenand TD, Slack JL, Sims JE, Giri JG, Dower SK . Binding of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-1 receptor antagonist by soluble IL-1 receptors and levels of soluble IL-1 receptors in synovial fluids . Journal of Immunology . 153 . 10 . 4766–4774 . November 1994 . 7963543 . 10.4049/jimmunol.153.10.4766 . 23226920 . free .
• Giri JG, Wells J, Dower SK, McCall CE, Guzman RN, Slack J, Bird TA, Shanebeck K, Grabstein KH, Sims JE . Elevated levels of shed type II IL-1 receptor in sepsis. Potential role for type II receptor in regulation of IL-1 responses . Journal of Immunology . 153 . 12 . 5802–5809 . December 1994 . 7989776 . 10.4049/jimmunol.153.12.5802 . 20750506 . free .
• Re F, Muzio M, De Rossi M, Polentarutti N, Giri JG, Mantovani A, Colotta F . The type II "receptor" as a decoy target for interleukin 1 in polymorphonuclear leukocytes: characterization of induction by dexamethasone and ligand binding properties of the released decoy receptor . The Journal of Experimental Medicine . 179 . 2 . 739–743 . February 1994 . 8294881 . 2191363 . 10.1084/jem.179.2.739 .
• Colotta F, Re F, Muzio M, Bertini R, Polentarutti N, Sironi M, Giri JG, Dower SK, Sims JE, Mantovani A . Interleukin-1 type II receptor: a decoy target for IL-1 that is regulated by IL-4 . Science . 261 . 5120 . 472–475 . July 1993 . 8332913 . 10.1126/science.8332913 . 1993Sci...261..472C .
• Sambo P, Fadlon EJ, Sironi M, Matteucci C, Introna M, Mantovani A, Colotta F . Reactive oxygen intermediates cause rapid release of the interleukin-1 decoy receptor from human myelomonocytic cells . Blood . 87 . 5 . 1682–1686 . March 1996 . 8634411 . 10.1182/blood.V87.5.1682.bloodjournal8751682 . free .
• Larregina A, Morelli A, Kolkowski E, Fainboim L . Flow cytometric analysis of cytokine receptors on human Langerhans' cells. Changes observed after short-term culture . Immunology . 87 . 2 . 317–325 . February 1996 . 8698397 . 1384291 . 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1996.451513.x .
• Liu C, Hart RP, Liu XJ, Clevenger W, Maki RA, De Souza EB . Cloning and characterization of an alternatively processed human type II interleukin-1 receptor mRNA . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 271 . 34 . 20965–20972 . August 1996 . 8702856 . 10.1074/jbc.271.34.20965 . free .
• Colotta F, Saccani S, Giri JG, Dower SK, Sims JE, Introna M, Mantovani A . Regulated expression and release of the IL-1 decoy receptor in human mononuclear phagocytes . Journal of Immunology . 156 . 7 . 2534–2541 . April 1996 . 8786316 . 10.4049/jimmunol.156.7.2534 . 7669945 . free .
• Sébire G, Delfraissy JF, Demotes-Mainard J, Oteifeh A, Emilie D, Tardieu M . Interleukin-13 and interleukin-4 act as interleukin-6 inducers in human microglial cells . Cytokine . 8 . 8 . 636–641 . August 1996 . 8894439 . 10.1006/cyto.1996.0085 .
• Lovenberg TW, Crowe PD, Liu C, Chalmers DT, Liu XJ, Liaw C, Clevenger W, Oltersdorf T, De Souza EB, Maki RA . Cloning of a cDNA encoding a novel interleukin-1 receptor related protein (IL 1R-rp2) . Journal of Neuroimmunology . 70 . 2 . 113–122 . November 1996 . 8898719 . 10.1016/S0165-5728(96)00047-1 . 53171191 .
• van der Poll T, de Waal Malefyt R, Coyle SM, Lowry SF . Antiinflammatory cytokine responses during clinical sepsis and experimental endotoxemia: sequential measurements of plasma soluble interleukin (IL)-1 receptor type II, IL-10, and IL-13 . The Journal of Infectious Diseases . 175 . 1 . 118–122 . January 1997 . 8985204 . 10.1093/infdis/175.1.118 . free .
• Rauschmayr T, Groves RW, Kupper TS . Keratinocyte expression of the type 2 interleukin 1 receptor mediates local and specific inhibition of interleukin 1-mediated inflammation . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 94 . 11 . 5814–5819 . May 1997 . 9159157 . 20863 . 10.1073/pnas.94.11.5814 . free . 1997PNAS...94.5814R .
• Gomez E, Morel G, Cavalier A, Liénard MO, Haour F, Courtens JL, Jégou B . Type I and type II interleukin-1 receptor expression in rat, mouse, and human testes . Biology of Reproduction . 56 . 6 . 1513–1526 . June 1997 . 9166705 . 10.1095/biolreprod56.6.1513 . free .
• Cannon JG, Angel JB, Abad LW, Vannier E, Mileno MD, Fagioli L, Wolff SM, Komaroff AL . Interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and soluble interleukin-1 receptor type II secretion in chronic fatigue syndrome . Journal of Clinical Immunology . 17 . 3 . 253–261 . May 1997 . 9168406 . 10.1023/A:1027314713231 . 13013291 .
• Fink GW, Norman JG . Specific changes in the pancreatic expression of the interleukin 1 family of genes during experimental acute pancreatitis . Cytokine . 9 . 12 . 1023–1027 . December 1997 . 9417814 . 10.1006/cyto.1997.0260 .

Notes and References

1. Lang D, Knop J, Wesche H, Raffetseder U, Kurrle R, Boraschi D, Martin MU . The type II IL-1 receptor interacts with the IL-1 receptor accessory protein: a novel mechanism of regulation of IL-1 responsiveness . Journal of Immunology . 161 . 12 . 6871–6877 . December 1998 . 9862719 . 10.4049/jimmunol.161.12.6871 . 8940186 . free .
2. Wang D, Zhang S, Li L, Liu X, Mei K, Wang X . Structural insights into the assembly and activation of IL-1β with its receptors . Nature Immunology . 11 . 10 . 905–911 . October 2010 . 20802483 . 10.1038/ni.1925 . 20315956 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: IL1R2 interleukin 1 receptor, type II.