IGFALS explained

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein, acid labile subunit, also known as IGFALS, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IGFALS gene.^[1]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a serum protein that binds insulin-like growth factors, increasing their half-life and their vascular localization. Production of the encoded protein, which contains twenty leucine-rich repeats, is stimulated by growth hormone. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene.^[1]

Clinical significance

Defects in this gene are a cause of acid-labile subunit deficiency, which manifests itself in a delayed and slow puberty.^[2]

Interactions

IGFALS has been shown to interact with IGFBP3.^{[3] [4]}

Further reading

• Domené HM, Bengolea SV, Jasper HG, Boisclair YR . Acid-labile subunit deficiency: phenotypic similarities and differences between human and mouse.. . J. Endocrinol. Invest. . 28 . 5 Suppl . 43–6 . 2005 . 16114275 .
• Leong SR, Baxter RC, Camerato T, Dai J, Wood WI . Structure and functional expression of the acid-labile subunit of the insulin-like growth factor-binding protein complex. . Mol. Endocrinol. . 6 . 6 . 870–6 . 1992 . 10.1210/mend.6.6.1379671 . 1379671 . 7911883 . free .
• Dai J, Baxter RC . Molecular cloning of the acid-labile subunit of the rat insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex. . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 188 . 1 . 304–9 . 1992 . 1384485 . 10.1016/0006-291X(92)92385-B .
• Baxter RC, Martin JL, Beniac VA . High molecular weight insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex. Purification and properties of the acid-labile subunit from human serum. . J. Biol. Chem. . 264 . 20 . 11843–8 . 1989 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)80143-0 . 2473065 . free .
• Firth SM, Ganeshprasad U, Baxter RC . Structural determinants of ligand and cell surface binding of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3. . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 5 . 2631–8 . 1998 . 9446566 . 10.1074/jbc.273.5.2631 . free .
• Twigg SM, Baxter RC . Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein 5 forms an alternative ternary complex with IGFs and the acid-labile subunit. . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 11 . 6074–9 . 1998 . 9497324 . 10.1074/jbc.273.11.6074 . free .
• Twigg SM, Kiefer MC, Zapf J, Baxter RC . Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 complexes with the acid-labile subunit. Role of the carboxyl-terminal domain. . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 44 . 28791–8 . 1998 . 9786878 . 10.1074/jbc.273.44.28791 . free .
• Suwanichkul A, Boisclair YR, Olney RC, Durham SK, Powell DR . Conservation of a growth hormone-responsive promoter element in the human and mouse acid-labile subunit genes. . Endocrinology . 141 . 2 . 833–8 . 2000 . 10650966 . 10.1210/endo.141.2.7333 . free .
• Ueki I, Ooi GT, Tremblay ML, Hurst KR, Bach LA, Boisclair YR . Inactivation of the acid labile subunit gene in mice results in mild retardation of postnatal growth despite profound disruptions in the circulating insulin-like growth factor system. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 97 . 12 . 6868–73 . 2000 . 10823924 . 18767 . 10.1073/pnas.120172697 . 2000PNAS...97.6868U . free .
• Suzuki H, Fukunishi Y, Kagawa I, Saito R, Oda H, Endo T, Kondo S, Bono H, Okazaki Y, Hayashizaki Y . Protein-protein interaction panel using mouse full-length cDNAs. . Genome Res. . 11 . 10 . 1758–65 . 2001 . 11591653 . 311163 . 10.1101/gr.180101 .
• Sneppen SB, Lange M, Pedersen LM, Kristensen L LØ, Main KM, Juul A, Skakkebaek NE, Feldt-Rasmussen U . Total and free insulin-like growth factor I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 and acid-labile subunit reflect clinical activity in acromegaly. . Growth Horm. IGF Res. . 11 . 6 . 384–91 . 2002 . 11914026 . 10.1054/ghir.2001.0254 .
• Cisternino M, Draghi M, Lauriola S, Scarcella D, Bernasconi S, Cavallo L, De Luca F, Lomeo A, Tatò L . The acid-labile subunit of human ternary insulin-like growth factor-binding protein complex in girls with central precocious puberty before and during gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog therapy. . J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. . 87 . 10 . 4629–33 . 2002 . 12364447 . 10.1210/jc.2002-020308 . free .
• Anderson NL, Polanski M, Pieper R, Gatlin T, Tirumalai RS, Conrads TP, Veenstra TD, Adkins JN, Pounds JG, Fagan R, Lobley A . The human plasma proteome: a nonredundant list developed by combination of four separate sources. . Mol. Cell. Proteomics . 3 . 4 . 311–26 . 2004 . 14718574 . 10.1074/mcp.M300127-MCP200 . free .
• Domené HM, Bengolea SV, Martínez AS, Ropelato MG, Pennisi P, Scaglia P, Heinrich JJ, Jasper HG . Deficiency of the circulating insulin-like growth factor system associated with inactivation of the acid-labile subunit gene. . N. Engl. J. Med. . 350 . 6 . 570–7 . 2004 . 14762184 . 10.1056/NEJMoa013100 . free .
• Payet LD, Firth SM, Baxter RC . The role of the acid-labile subunit in regulating insulin-like growth factor transport across human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers. . J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. . 89 . 5 . 2382–9 . 2004 . 15126567 . 10.1210/jc.2003-031880 . free .
• Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, Camp DG, Monroe ME, Moore RJ, Smith RD . Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry. . J. Proteome Res. . 4 . 6 . 2070–80 . 2006 . 16335952 . 1850943 . 10.1021/pr0502065 .
• Deming SL, Ren Z, Wen W, Shu XO, Cai Q, Gao YT, Zheng W . Genetic variation in IGF1, IGF-1R, IGFALS, and IGFBP3 in breast cancer survival among Chinese women: a report from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. . Breast Cancer Res. Treat. . 104 . 3 . 309–19 . 2007 . 17063263 . 10.1007/s10549-006-9420-8 . 31516153 .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: IGFALS insulin-like growth factor binding protein, acid labile subunit.
2. Web site: ACID-LABILE SUBUNIT DEFICIENCY; ACLSD . Bocchini . Carol A. . 2014-08-25 . OMIM - An Online Catalog of Human Genes and Genetic Disorders . 2024-02-21.
3. Twigg SM, Baxter RC . Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein 5 forms an alternative ternary complex with IGFs and the acid-labile subunit . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 11 . 6074–9 . Mar 1998 . 9497324 . 10.1074/jbc.273.11.6074 . free .
4. Firth SM, Ganeshprasad U, Baxter RC . Structural determinants of ligand and cell surface binding of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 5 . 2631–8 . Jan 1998 . 9446566 . 10.1074/jbc.273.5.2631 . free .