| Hiribya | |
| Native Name: | هربيا |
| Native Name Lang: | ar |
| Other Name: | Hirbya, Herbieh[1] |
| Etymology: | Herbieh, p.n., from "to take flight".[2] |
| Pushpin Map: | Mandatory Palestine |
| Pushpin Mapsize: | 200 |
| Coordinates: | 31.6058°N 34.5464°W |
| Grid Name: | Palestine grid |
| Grid Position: | 107/112 |
| Subdivision Type: | Geopolitical entity |
| Subdivision Name: | Mandatory Palestine |
| Subdivision Type1: | Subdistrict |
| Subdivision Name1: | Gaza |
| Established Title1: | Date of depopulation |
| Established Date1: | late October–November 1948[3] |
| Established Title2: | Repopulated dates |
| Unit Pref: | dunam |
| Area Total Km2: | 23.3 |
| Area Total Dunam: | 23,312 |
| Population As Of: | 1945 |
| Population Total: | 2,300[4] [5] |
| Blank Name Sec1: | Cause(s) of depopulation |
| Blank Info Sec1: | Military assault by Yishuv forces |
| Blank1 Name Sec1: | Secondary cause |
| Blank1 Info Sec1: | Expulsion by Yishuv forces |
| Blank3 Name Sec1: | Current Localities |
| Blank3 Info Sec1: | Zikim,[6] Karmia, Yad Mordechai |
Hirbiya (ar|هربيا) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Gaza Subdistrict, located 14km (09miles) northeast of Gaza along the southern coastal plain of Palestine. Situated where the Battle of La Forbie took place in 1244, it was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.[7]
See also: Nizzanim culture.
Settlement at the site of Hirbiya dates back to the Canaanite period.[7]
It was known as "Forbie" to the Crusaders. In 1226, the Syrian geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi called it "Firbiya" (or "Farbaya") and noted that it was within the administrative jurisdiction of Ascalon.[7] [8]
The village was the site of a crucial battle, called the Battle of La Forbie, between the Crusaders and the Ayyubids, which ended in a decisive Ayyubid victory. Historians consider it second in strategic significance only to the Battle of Hattin in 1187.[7]
A circular well, made of masonry, and the foundations of a small tower were still found there in the late 19th century.[9]
Hirbiya was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with the rest of Palestine, by the 1596 tax records it was located in the nahiya (subdistrict) of Gaza, a part of the Liwa of Gaza. It had a population of 160 households and 15 bachelors, an estimated 963 person, all Muslim. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 33.3% on various products, including wheat, barley, grapes, fruit, and cotton; a total of 35,500 akçe. All of the revenue went to a waqf.[10]
During the 17th and 18th centuries, settlement in the region declined due to nomadic attacks on local communities. The residents of abandoned villages moved to elsewhere but the land continued to be cultivated by neighboring villages.[11]
In 1838 Hirbiya was described as part of the Gaza district.[12]
An Ottoman village list from 1870 showed that Herbija had 58 houses and a population of 206, which included only men.[13] [14]
In the late 19th century Hirbiya had a rectangular layout, although some of its adobe brick houses were scattered in surrounding orchards. The village was surrounded by a pond, a well, and several gardens. To the south were remains of the Crusader fortress.[15]
In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British mandate authorities, Herbia had a population of 1,037 inhabitants, consisting of 1031 Muslims and 6 Orthodox Christians,[16] [17] The population had increased in the 1931 census to 1,520; 1,510 Muslims and 10 Christians, in 234 houses.[18] Hirbiya had a mosque and elementary school, both located in the village center. The school opened in 1922 and had an enrollment of 124 students in the 1940s.[7]
In 1945 Hiribya had a population of 2,300; 2,200 Muslims, 40 Christians and 60 Jews,[4] with a total of 22,312 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.[5] Of this, 2,765 dunams were used for citrus and bananas, 6,106 dunams were for plantations and irrigable land, 2,037 for cereals,[19] while 92 dunams were built-up land.[20]
Hirbiya was targeted in October 1948 during Operation Yoav, coming under aerial bombardment on October 15–16. A planned attack was called off when Israeli forces learned that a large Egyptian Army force was quartered in the village. Khalidi speculates that the village fell to Israeli forces in early November, shortly after the occupation of Ascalon.[6]
Following the war the area was incorporated into the State of Israel and two kibbutzim, Zikim and Karmia, were established on village lands in 1949 and 1950 respectively. Kibbutz Yad Mordechai, established in 1943, expanded onto Hirbiya's lands. According to Khalidi, only the mosque, which was used as a warehouse, and one residential building, remain from earlier times.
