Hieracium lachenalii explained

Hieracium lachenalii, also known as common hawkweed or yellow hawkweed, is a species of plant in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. It is native to Europe but has become established as a weed in Australia and parts of North America.

Taxonomy

The species was widely known for many years as H. vulgatum,[1] but more recent studies have indicated that the two names represent the same species. The name H. lachenalii was coined in 1802,[2] and H. vulgatum in 1819,[3] so per taxonomic regulations, the older name is to be used, with H. vulgatum delegated to being a synonym.[4]

Description

This common weed can grow and produce flowers on plants that range from 4abbr=offNaNabbr=off to 36inches tall. The rhizome is short and stout. The broadly elliptic leaves can be up to 5abbr=offNaNabbr=off long and taper with teeth towards the base.[5] Each flower head has 40-80 ray florets but no disc florets.[6] [7] Bracts surround the flower head; the receptacle (basal part of the flower on which the florets are attached) is flat and naked; heads tend to start together then become somewhat solitary on long leafless stems.[6] The stalks below the heads are covered with scattered, simple and gland-tipped black hairs and contain a milky substance.[7]

The pale yellow flowers are produced during all of the summer months. The fruit are dark brown achenes.[5]

Common names

Distribution and habitat

Native to most of Europe,[9] Hieracium lachenalii was introduced to temperate parts of North America,[10] and to Australia.[6] It can sometimes be found in soils that have been disturbed.[11]

Europe

In Europe, the species is found in Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Corsica, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and Russia.

North America

Subarctic America: Greenland.

Canada: Provinces of British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, and Quebec.

United States: States of Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, and Wisconsin.

External links

Notes and References

  1. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066961 Flora of North America, Hieracium vulgatum Fries, 1819.
  2. http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=327414-2&back_page=%2Fipni%2FeditAdvPlantNameSearch.do%3Ffind_infragenus%3D%26find_geoUnit%3D%26find_includePublicationAuthors%3Dtrue%26find_addedSince%3D%26find_family%3D%26find_genus%3DHieracium%26find_infrafamily%3D%26find_rankToReturn%3Dspec%26find_publicationTitle%3D%26find_authorAbbrev%3D%26find_infraspecies%3D%26find_includeBasionymAuthors%3Dtrue%26find_modifiedSince%3D%26find_species%3Dlachenalii%26output_format%3Dnormal The International Plant Names Index, Hieracium lachenalii
  3. http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=327415-2&back_page=%2Fipni%2FeditAdvPlantNameSearch.do%3Ffind_infragenus%3D%26find_geoUnit%3D%26find_includePublicationAuthors%3Dtrue%26find_addedSince%3D%26find_family%3D%26find_genus%3DHieracium%26find_infrafamily%3D%26find_rankToReturn%3Dspec%26find_publicationTitle%3D%26find_authorAbbrev%3D%26find_infraspecies%3D%26find_includeBasionymAuthors%3Dtrue%26find_modifiedSince%3D%26find_species%3Dvulgatum%26output_format%3Dnormal The International Plant Names Index, Hieracium vulgatum
  4. http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php?page=art11 International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code), article 11
  5. Web site: MSUplants.com Hieracium lachenalii. https://archive.today/20080229223825/http://msuplants.com/pd.asp?pid=3104. 2008-02-29. 2007-12-14. MSU Board of Trustees. Jesse L Saylor. Network Vista, Inc.. amp . msuplants.com/index.html. Michigan State University Department of Horticulture .
  6. Web site: Hawkweeds: State Prohibited Weed . 2007-12-14. Ian Faithfull. Information Notes Series . Department of Primary Industries, Victoria, Australia. 2007-09-19.
  7. Web site: Hawkweed, Wood. 2007-12-14. Mrs. M. Grieve. Maud Grieve. 1933. A Modern Herbal. Botanical.com.
  8. http://anp.nemzetipark.gov.hu/botanikai-kutatas Az ANP (valamint a Gömör-Tornai-karszt magyarországi részének) taxonlistája
  9. Web site: Details for: Hieracium lachenalii. 2007-12-14. Botanic Garden. Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem. Botanical Garden in Berlin. June 5, 2007. The Euro+Med Plantbase. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem.
  10. http://bonap.net/MapGallery/State/Hieracium%20lachenalii.png Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map
  11. Web site: Common Hawkweed. 2007-12-21. Paul Slichter. Wildflowers of the Genus Hieracium:Hawkweeds of the Columbia River Gorge. Common hawkweed may be found in disturbed soils. . https://web.archive.org/web/20040122054644/http://ghs.gresham.k12.or.us/science/ps/nature/gorge/sun/dandy/hieracium/hieracvulgatum.htm . 2004-01-22 .

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